英国CRTN道路交通噪声预测模型在中国的适用性研究

基于道路交通噪声990 h监测数据,对英国CRTN模型中源强计算模型在中国的适用性进行了验证。试验结果表明,理论计算与实测结果之间平均仅相差0.57 dB（A）,CRTN源强预测模型在中国可以可靠地预测道路交通噪声。     

Attitudinal response towards road traffic noise in the industrial town of Asansol, India

The major objective of the investigation was to evaluate the road traffic noise and its likely impacts on the local community of Asansol city (West Bengal, India) by monitoring and modeling. The attitudinal response of local population due to existing vehicular noise is presented in the paper. Noise and Attitudinal Survey was conducted at 25 locations. A total of 869 individuals were surveyed. The relationship between traffic noise levels and annoyance was studied using correlation, linear and multiple linear regressions analysis. The average L(dn) value was 73.28 +/- 8.51 dB(A) (55.1-87.3); The Traffic Noise Index (TNI) was 80.62 +/- 15.88 dB(A) (49.4-115.8). The mean value of percent of population Highly Annoyed (%HA) due to road traffic noise was 26.50 +/- 3.37 (19.44-33.2), whereas the mean dissatisfaction score (MDS) was 2.96 +/- 0.90 (1.04-4.45). Annoyance modeling was also performed based on field data. It can be said that Noise values gives desirable annoyance predicting values in comparison to vehicular data.     

Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model under Interrupted Traffic Flow Condition

The objective of this study is to develop an empirical traffic noise prediction model under interrupted traffic flow conditions using two analytical the approaches, the first being the acceleration lane approach and second being the deceleration approach. The urban road network of Bangalore city has been selected as the study area. Sixteen locations are chosen in major traffic junctions of the study area. The traffic noise data collected from the study locations were analyzed separately for both acceleration and deceleration lanes when vehicles leave an intersection on a green traffic light and come to a stop on red traffic light. Based on the study, a regression noise prediction model has been developed for both acceleration and deceleration lanes.     

A comparative study of noise pollution levels in some selected areas in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

The noise pollution is a major problem for the quality of life in urban areas. This study was conducted to compare the noise pollution levels at busy roads/road junctions, passengers loading parks, commercial, industrial and residential areas in Ilorin metropolis. A total number of 47-locations were selected within the metropolis. Statistical analysis shows significant difference (P < 0.05) in noise pollution levels between industrial areas and low density residential areas, industrial areas and high density areas, industrial areas and passengers loading parks, industrial areas and commercial areas, busy roads/road junctions and low density areas, passengers loading parks and commercial areas and commercial areas and low density areas. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in noise pollution levels between industrial areas and busy roads/road junctions, busy roads/road junctions and high density areas, busy roads/road junctions and passengers loading parks, busy roads/road junctions and commercial areas, passengers loading parks and high density areas, passengers loading parks and commercial areas and commercial areas and high density areas. The results show that Industrial areas have the highest noise pollution levels (110.2 dB(A)) followed by busy roads/Road junctions (91.5 dB(A)), Passengers loading parks (87.8 dB(A)) and Commercial areas (84.4 dB(A)). The noise pollution levels in Ilorin metropolis exceeded the recommended level by WHO at 34 of 47 measuring points. It can be concluded that the city is environmentally noise polluted and road traffic and industrial machineries are the major sources of it. Noting the noise emission standards, technical control measures, planning and promoting the citizens awareness about the high noise risk may help to relieve the noise problem in the metropolis.     

低噪声路面降噪效果研究

通过对公路交通噪声特征,低噪声路面的特点、结构、降噪机理及国内外研究现状的分析,对宁杭高速二期工程低噪声路面与普通路面噪声监测结果进行对比分析,确认低噪声沥青路面具有比较明显的降噪效果,路肩处噪声可降低3～4 dB(A),路外15 m处可降低1.1～3.5 dB(A).     

城市快速路交通噪声影响分析——以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例

城市快速路是城市交通运输网的重要组成部分,其产生的交通噪声相当严重。评价城市快速路交通噪声对其两侧交通噪声敏感点的污染状况是目前面临的一个难题。文章以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例,对其周边的交通噪声敏感点进行现状调查,利用SoundPLAN软件模拟噪声污染状况,并对安装声屏障前后的降噪效果进行评价,为城市快速路交通噪声污染防治措施的制定提供基础数据和建议。     

Evaluation of Noise Pollution in Urban Parks

The present study provides an evaluation of noise pollution in six Urban Parks located in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Equivalent noise levels (L _eq) were measured in 303 points (each point measured during 3 min) spread throughout the Parks. Measured values were confronted with local legislation (Law 10625) allowed limits, and the Parks were thus classified as “acoustically polluted or unpolluted”. Measured values were also evaluated according to international legislation: Decree no. 12 of the City Council of Rome, DIN 18005 for German cities, the World Health Organization, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Urban parks in the downtown area of Curitiba, surrounded by roads of heavy traffic and in the midst of intense commercial activities, do not satisfy any of the standards used. The most noise-polluted parks in Curitiba were the Public Walk Park and the Botanical Garden Park, with measured L _eq of 64.8 dB(A) and 67 dB(A).     

Degradation of natural habitats by roads: Comparing land-take and noise effect zone

Roads may act as barriers, negatively influencing the movement of animals, thereby causing disruption in landscapes. Roads cause habitat loss and fragmentation not only through their physical occupation, but also through traffic noise. The aim of this study is to provide a method to quantify the habitat degradation including habitat loss and fragmentation due to road traffic noise and to compare it with those of road land-take. Two types of fragmentation effects are determined: structural fragmentation (based on road land-take only), and functional fragmentation (noise effect zone fragmentation, buffer using a threshold of 40 dB). Noise propagation for roads with a traffic volume of more than 1000 vehicles per day was simulated by Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) model. Habitat loss and fragmentation through land-take and noise effect zone were calculated and compared in Zagros Mountains in western Iran. The study area is characterized by three main habitat types (oak forest, scattered woodland and temperate grassland) which host endangered and protected wildlife species. Due to topographic conditions, land cover type, and the traffic volume in the region, the noise effect zone ranged from 50 to 2000 m which covers 18.3% (i.e. 516,929.95 ha) of the total study area. The results showed that the habitat loss due to noise effect zone is dramatically higher than that due to road land-take only (35% versus 1.04% of the total area). Temperate grasslands lost the highest proportion of the original area by both land-take and noise effect zone, but most area was lost in scattered woodland as compared to the other two habitat types. The results showed that considering the noise effect zone for habitat fragmentation resulted in an increase of 25.8% of the area affected (316,810 ha) as compared to using the land-take only (555,874 ha vs. 239,064 ha, respectively). The results revealed that the degree of habitat fragmentation is increasing by considering the noise effect zone. We conclude that, although the roads are breaking apart the patches by land-take, road noise not only dissects habitat patches but takes much larger proportions of or even functionally eliminates entire patches.     

Evaluation and analysis of noise levels in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria

Evaluation and analysis of noise pollution levels have been carried out to determine the level of noise and its sources in Ilorin metropolis. Noise measurements have been done in the morning, at noon, in the evening, and at night to determine noise pollution all over the city. The selected areas of study are commercial centers, road junctions/busy roads, passenger loading parks, and high-density and low-density residential areas. The road junctions had the highest noise pollution levels, followed by commercial centers. The results of this study show that the noise levels in Ilorin metropolis exceeded allowed values at 30 of 42 measurements points. There is a significant difference (P?<?0.05) in the noise pollution levels and traffic noise index in all the locations. From the measured noise values, a map of noise pollution was developed for Ilorin. Many solutions proposed for noise abatement in the city are set out.     

Evolution of building façade road traffic noise levels in Flanders

The evolution of daytime fa?ade noise levels by road traffic at 250 dwellings in Flanders is assessed. Three identical man-operated measurement campaigns have been conducted in the years 1996, 2001 and 2009, during fall. A practical methodology has been developed, based on short time noise measurements and context observations at these locations. The uncertainty introduced by short-term sampling has been quantified as a function of the noise level. Furthermore, a correction is proposed for measuring at a random moment during daytime. Analysis of the data showed that road traffic noise levels hardly changed globally over this period of 13 years. The distribution of changes in noise level at corresponding measurement locations is nevertheless rather wide-all improvements are equally compensated by increases in noise levels at other locations. The percentage of the dwelling fa?ades exposed to daytime noise levels above 65 dBA has increased slightly between 1996 and 2001, but seems to stagnate in 2009. In spite of the increased interest and actions of policy makers during the past decades, noise exposure caused by road traffic at dwelling fa?ades is a persistent problem.     

北京市黄标车禁行对市区道路交通噪声的影响分析

利用噪声自动监测系统中33个道路交通站点的数据,分析了北京市实行黄标车禁行措施后道路交通噪声昼、夜间均值的总体变化趋势.在计算夜间噪声下降量的基础上归纳了噪声降幅大的道路等级,进一步分析了噪声改善最大的时间段,并在结论的基础上为决策者提出了相应的建议.     

Sampling approaches to predict urban street noise levels using fixed and temporary microphones

Requirements for static (prediction of L(den) and diurnal averaged noise pattern) and dynamic (prediction of 15 min and 60 min evolution of L(Aeq) and statistical levels L(A90,)L(A50) and L(A10)) noise level monitoring are investigated in this paper. Noise levels are measured for 72 consecutive days at 5 neighboring streets in an inner-city noise measurement network in Gent, Flanders, Belgium. We present a method to make predictions based on a fixed monitoring station, combined with short-term sampling at temporary stations. It is shown that relying on a fixed station improves the estimation of L(den) at other locations, and allows for the reduction of the number of samples needed and their duration; L(den) is estimated with an error that does not exceed 1.5 dB(A) to 3.4 dB(A) according to the location, for 90% of the 3 × 15 min samples. Also the diurnal averaged noise pattern can be estimated with a good accuracy in this way. It was shown that there is an optimal location for the fixed station which can be found by short-term measurements only. Short-term level predictions were shown to be more difficult; 7 day samples were needed to build models able to estimate the evolution of L(Aeq,60min) with a RMSE ranging between 1.4 dB(A) and 3.7 dB(A). These higher values can be explained by the very pronounced short-term variations appearing in typical streets, which are not correlated between locations. On the other hand, moderately accurate predictions can be achieved, even based on short-term sampling (a 3 × 15 minute sampling duration seems to be sufficient for many of the accuracy goals set related to static and dynamic monitoring). Finally, the method proposed also allows for the prediction of the evolution of statistical indicators.     

广州市昼夜道路交通噪声的监测与分析

对广州市的昼夜交通噪声污染现状进行了分区域分道路等级的实地监测,得到共53个监测点位白天和夜晚的等效声级及其统计声级,同时对每个监测点展开了交通流调查,并分析交通流特征对交通噪声的影响。监测结果表明, 白天快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为74.2、72.2、67.8、65.1 dB,快速路及主干路沿线的交通噪声污染比次干路及支路的严重。夜晚所有测点的噪声值均超过55 dB,快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为72.2、72.3、66.3、64.5 dB,广州市夜晚的交通噪声污染较为严重。     

Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution from 1989 to 2003 in Lanzhou City

On the basis of the continuous traffic noise data observed at 142 sites distributed in 52 roads from 1989 to 2003, the characteristics of traffic noise and effect factors were analyzed through traffic noise indices, such as Lep, L10, L50, L90, TNI, and Pn. Our findings allow us to reach a number of conclusions as follows: Firstly, traffic noise pollution was serious, and its fluctuant characteristic was obvious, resulting in a great intrusion to public in Lanzhou City during last 15 years. Secondly, traffic noise made a distinction between trunk lines and secondary lines, west-east direction roads and north-south direction roads. Thirdly, spatial character and time rule of traffic noise were obvious. In addition, traffic volume, traffic composition, road condition, and traffic management were identified as the key factors influencing traffic noise in this city.     

公交车站对交通噪声的影响分析

首先根据公交车的运行特性提出了公交车在各行驶阶段的噪声计算方法并采用能量叠加的方法建立了公交车站附近交通噪声预测模型.然后对广州市新港西路交通噪声的实测结果与模型计算结果进行了比较,验证了该预测模型的正确性.最后分析了公交车站附近交通噪声的影响因素,通过对公交车站附近的交通噪声和远离公交车站的交通噪声的比较,得到公交车站附近交通噪声明显增大的结论.     

测点高度对道路交通噪声监测数据的影响

通过在4城市对132条道路进行了道路交通噪声测点高度试验,系统分析了测点高度从手工监测的1.2 m向自动监测的4.5 m转化后,在不同道路情况对道路交通噪声监测数据的影响。结果表明,测点高度提高后监测结果变化在±3 dB(A)以内。待测道路的车道数和测点与机动车道的距离是其主要影响因素。对两测点高度进行对比,4.5 m高度噪声值随水平距离增加衰减较小,测量结果更稳定。     

城市道路交通噪声分布模拟研究

通过对梅州市中心城区7条道路的噪声监测,分析了中心城区道路的噪声污染水平。采用道路交通噪声预测模型,以实测交通流数据对中心城区的噪声污染进行模拟和减噪措施评估。结果表明,采用限速措施和安装声屏障措施均有降低噪声污染的效果,为管理部门防治噪声污染提供了参考。     

Monitoring and assessment of daily exposure of roadside workers to traffic noise levels in an Asian city: a case study of Bangkok streets

Four noise monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate average noise level and audiometric assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). During the monitoring period, noise levels were found to be 72.8–83.0 dBA during day time and 59.5–74.5 dBA during night time. The finding also indicated that traffic noise levels depend on distance from roadside, diurnal variation and character of the traffic and street configuration. Audiometric measurement of 4000 persons was carried by four major hospitals in Bangkok to study the relationship between traffic noise exposure of groups of people working in the streets and hearing loss. Four different categories of occupational people, i.e., drivers, street vendors, traffic officers and dwellers were selected and were further classified into age groups (16–25, 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55 years old) to monitor the traffic noise induced hearing loss throughout their everyday lives. The control group was deliberately chosen to screen out the effects of traffic noise. According to the audiometric investigation, it was revealed that hearing capacity of the daily noise exposure groups living in the three urban sites (Yaowarat Road, Din Daeng Road and Ratchaprarop Road) were noticeably poorer than those who were living in suburban site (Phahonyothin Road). It was noted that the mean hearing threshold level (HTL) of the 16–25 years old groups were found to have better hearing capacity than those older adults of 46–55 years old. In particular the mean HTL dropped at the frequency of 4000 Hz. Among the occupational population who were living in the urban monitoring sites, the driver groups were found to have the highest risk of traffic noise induced hearing loss.     

Development of Noise Simulation Model for Stationary and Mobile Sources: A GIS-Based Approach

In the rapidly urbanizing country like India, the transportation sector is growing rapidly, which lead to overcrowded roads producing air and noise pollution. Noise of a particular region is influenced by the volume of traffic on the highway, in addition to other causative factors like existing infrastructure and industrial setup etc. In the present paper, a geographical information system (GIS)-based noise simulation model has been developed to generate noise levels in Versova region of Mumbai, India. The study area comprises effect of infrastructure, road network, traffic volume, and various mechanical components like sewage pumping station and wastewater treatment facility. Various meteorological parameters and effect of land use and land cover on noise attenuation are also considered in the model. In this way, commutative noise prediction for point as well as mobile sources has been presented in the study. GIS-based noise simulation has been calibrated with observed noise levels during day and night time with correlation of 0.84 and 0.74, respectively.     

Selection of suitable alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of road traffic noise using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model

Road traffic noise is one of the most significant environmental impacts generated by transport systems. To this regard, the recent implementation of the European Environmental Noise Directive by Public Administrations of the European Union member countries has led to various noise action plans (NAPs) for reducing the noise exposure of EU inhabitants. Every country or administration is responsible for applying criteria based on their own experience or expert knowledge, but there is no regulated process for the prioritization of technical measures within these plans. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision methodology for the selection of suitable alternatives against traffic noise in each of the road stretches included in the NAPs. The methodology first defines the main criteria and alternatives to be considered. Secondly, it determines the relative weights for the criteria and sub-criteria using the fuzzy extended analytical hierarchy process as applied to the results from an expert panel, thereby allowing expert knowledge to be captured in an automated way. A final step comprises the use of discrete multi-criteria analysis methods such as weighted sum, ELECTRE and TOPSIS, to rank the alternatives by suitability. To illustrate an application of the proposed methodology, this paper describes its implementation in a complex real case study: the selection of optimal technical solutions against traffic noise in the top priority road stretch included in the revision of the NAP of the regional road network in the province of Almeria (Spain).