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1.
比较了液-液萃取和固相萃取浓缩富集水体中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO,n为聚合度)及其小分子代谢产物的效率,建立了复杂基体水样中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其小分子代谢产物多成分同时测定的高分辨高灵敏的固相萃取(SPE)-正相高效液相色谱(NP-HPLC)-荧光检测(FL)方法。优化了影响SPE回收率的条件,洗脱溶剂和样品过柱的速度。SPE对NPnEO的回收率大于82%;使用1L水样,方法的检测限对壬基酚(NP)、NP1EO为0.01μgL,NP2EO、NP3EO为0.02μgL,NP4EO~NP12EO为0.05μgL。应用本方法测定了生活污水水样,检测到了NPnEO(n=1~12)及其小分子降解产物NP、NP1EO、NP2EO。  相似文献   

2.
建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定沉积物中5种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-LW、MC-LF、MC-YR)的方法。选择甲醇-水(1∶4,V/V)为ASE萃取溶剂,萃取温度和萃取压力分别为80℃和13.1 MPa,固相萃取过程以HLB小柱为萃取柱,采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析。方法在5种微囊藻毒素质量浓度5~100μg/L内线性良好(r0.995),回收率为76.0%~118%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~12.0%,检出限为2~3μg/kg,定量下限为8~12μg/kg。该方法已用于西太湖沉积物的检测,具有较好的方法适用性。  相似文献   

3.
采用固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),研究了萃取头涂层材料、萃取温度、盐浓度、萃取时间和溶液的pH值等操作条件对分析方法的影响.该方法分析MTBE的线性范围0.01-10μg/L,检出限0.66ng/L.0.01μg/L的MTBE水样五组平行测定实验中,相对标准偏差为4.8%.用所建立的方法测得大兴某地下水中MTBE的含量0.8μg/L,加标回收率达到90%.  相似文献   

4.
建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中痕量甲萘威的方法,并对固相微萃取条件进行了优化。结果显示,固相萃取的最佳条件为:水样pH值≤3,不添加无机盐,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS,100μm)作为萃取纤维,萃取温度为80℃,萃取时间为30 min,解吸时间为90 s。优化后的方法,在甲萘威质量浓度0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 5,方法的精密度为1.9%,检出限为0.3μg/L,加标回收率为85.6%~92.4%,可满足地表水中甲萘威的测定要求。  相似文献   

5.
建立了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS-MS)测定水中2,4,6-三氯酚的方法。优化条件下,在1. 00~50. 0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性响应良好(r~2=0. 999 1);检出限0. 224μg/L,测定下限0. 896μg/L;加标样相对标准偏差(RSD)为4. 15%~6. 24%;加标回收率为81. 0%~115%;单个样品检测总时间40 min。该方法萃取与气相色谱-串联质谱分析在线一步完成,操作简便、灵敏度高、抗干扰性强,适用于地表水、生活饮用水、工业废水等水体中2,4,6-三氯酚的检测。  相似文献   

6.
2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚固相萃取光度法测定镉的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了用2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚(PAR)固相萃取光度法测定镉,在pH=8 0的硼酸-氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,TritonX-100存在下,QAMDHB与镉反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,体系最大吸收波长为520nm,摩尔吸光系数 =5 18×104L·mol-1·cm-1。样品中的镉用强阴离子交换固相萃取柱固相萃取预分离和富集后,用该方法测定,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

7.
建立了固相微萃取(SPME)与气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(GC-MS/MS)联用直接测定水体中16种多环芳烃的快速分析方法。通过实验,对固相微萃取纤维涂层的选择、萃取时间、萃取温度等萃取条件以及碰撞电压等参数进行了优化。实验结果表明,采用涂层厚度为100μm的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)萃取头,以350转/分钟(r/min)40℃下搅拌萃取40min,在GC进样口经280℃热解析6min后,以气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。在0.2~4.0μg/L的线性范围内,该方法对水中16种PAHs所得的回归方程均具有较好的线性关系,相关系数r值为0.9953~0.9995,检出限为0.001~0.02μg/L。16种PAHs的0.4μg/L加标水样的回收率平均值范围在71%~115%之间,6次平行测定的RSD范围在3.3%~15.6%之间。  相似文献   

8.
通过优化固相萃取和液相色谱条件,建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱法测定水中双酚A的检测方法。水样经C_(18)固相萃取柱净化并富集双酚A后,采用C_(18)反相色谱柱XR-ODS(2.0 mm×100 mm,2.2μm)分离,MRM负离子模式测定。结果表明:BPA浓度为5~200 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数为0.999 9),取样量500 mL,浓缩500倍时,方法检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为2.0、8.0 ng/L。实际水样加标量为5、20 ng水平时,BPA的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)分别为8%和7%,回收率范围分别为82%~103%和90%~111%。  相似文献   

9.
根据新试剂2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基酚(PADMAP)与钴的显色反应及C18固相萃取小柱对显色络合物的固相萃取,建立了一种测定环境样品中痕量钴的新方法,在pH4 0的HAc—NaAc缓冲介质中,溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)存在下,PADMAP与钴反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,该络合物可用C18固相萃取小柱富集,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇(内含2%乙酸)洗脱后用光度法测定。络合物最大吸收波长为585nm,摩尔吸光系数为1 05×105L·mol-1·cm-1,钴含量在0—1 0mg/L内符合比耳定律。方法用于几种环境样品中钴的分析,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

10.
北京公园水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的测定及其分布特征   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
为了正确评估北京市公园水体受PAEs污染的程度,采集了北京11个公园湖水的水样,采用固相萃取-气相色谱联用技术检测了其中六种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的含量,该方法加标回收率在73%~89.3%,RSD为5.9%~18.1%,检出限在0.40~4.58mg/L。实验结果为北京公园水体中总PAEs浓度在6.4~138.1μg/L,平均值为27.9μg/L,证明北京公园水体受到不同程度的PAEs污染,主要的污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),其中东南部以及西北部的公园污染较严重。分析了PAEs在公园湖水底泥中和水体中的分布特征,结果显示,PAEs在湖水底泥中的含量明显大于在水体中的含量。  相似文献   

11.
An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns. As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment. To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties. This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making, expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian) approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally, we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated, practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the readers to future research.   相似文献   

12.
In this article a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out. The scope of a health impact assessment depends on the situation, available knowledge and data, concern in the population about the impact and the number of people concerned. It is important to pay attention to the perception of risks and concerns from all parties involved. Moreover, the results demonstrate that far more people outside the area for which standards apply were affected than inside.  相似文献   

13.
The San Francisco Bay estuary isused by over one million shorebirds during springmigration and is home to several hundred thousandduring the winter. Most shorebird use occurs in thesouthern reach of the estuary (South Bay). Thereduced water circulation and discharge fromindustrial sources in the South Bay are responsiblefor the highest levels of some trace elements in theestuary. Wintering shorebirds have been found to havestrong site fidelity to areas as small as a fewkilometers in the South Bay, which may increase theirexposure to contaminants near local point sources. Inaddition, different shorebird species foraging at thesame site have been shown to have differentcontaminant burdens. Thus, our objectives were totest whether contaminant burdens differed by species,or whether contaminant burdens differed in shorebirdscollected at adjacent sites. We examined thecontaminant profiles of two species of shorebirds,long-billed dowitchers (Limnodromus scolopaceus)and western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) thatforage together at two sites, Hayward and Newark,separated by 8 km in the South Bay. We usedmultivariate analysis of variance tests to compare thecomposition of 14 elemental analytes in their livertissues and estimated their molar ratios of Hg and Se. Composite samples were used for contaminant analysesbecause of the small body size of the shorebirds. Seven elemental analytes (Ag, Ba, Be, Cr, Ni, Pb, V)were below detection limits in a majority of thesamples so statistical analyses were precluded. Inthe measurable analytes (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Se, Zn),we found no significant intra-site differences ofcontaminant profiles for the two species. We pooledthe samples to examine inter-site differences andfound significant differences in contaminant profilesbetween shorebirds at the neighboring sites (P = 0.03). Shorebirds at Newark had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of As, Cd, and Se than those at Hayward. Dowitchers at Newark had concentrations of Hg and Se which were highly correlated (P < 0.003) in a mean molar ratio of 1:19, similar tothat reported in other birds. In the larger dowitcherspecies, we also examined exposure to 20organochlorine compounds. Organic analyses showedthat the dowitchers had been exposed to DDE, PCBs,dieldrin and trans-nonachlor, but with no significantdifferences in concentrations between Hayward andNewark (P > 0.05).  相似文献   

14.
土壤和底泥中砷、铬、锰测定的前处理技术   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
试验了土壤和底泥中砷的前处理技术,其目的是能对土壤、底泥中砷、铬、锰在一次前处理中制备成试液,比色法分析。试验表明,用H2SO4-H3PO4-H2O2进行前处理是可行的。方法简单、挥发酸雾少,用标准参考物质检验证明,分解完全,数据准确,有粒较好一致性。  相似文献   

15.
This paper presents the chemical speciation and retention behavior of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) prior to and after the electrokinetic remediation in glacial till soil. The speciation of the metals was predicted using the chemical speciation program MINEQL+. The simulations were performed for single-contaminant with only Cr(VI) or Ni, and multi-contaminants consisting of: (1) Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd; (2) Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (3) Cr(VI), Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (4) Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd with reducing agents; and (5) Cr(III), Ni, and Cd with oxidizing agent (Mn). The results showed that the speciation and distribution of cationic metals [Ni, Cd, and Cr(III)] in glacial till soil remain unaffected or slightly affected during electrokinetics. This is attributed to the high pH buffering capacity of the glacial till, leading the metals to precipitate in the soil prior to and after electrokinetics. This study showed that during electrokinetics, Cr(VI) existed as anionic complex and migrated towards the anode and the migration is maximum in case of a single-contaminant system. The study also showed that near the anode in the absence of any reducing and oxidizing agent, Cr(VI) mostly adsorbed, and some of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and migrated towards the cathode and finally precipitated due to high pH conditions. Ni and Cd remain adsorbed or precipitated due to the high pH conditions throughout the soil. Among the reducing agents, the sulfide had significant effect on the migration of metals compared to ferrous ions. While in the presence of oxidizing agent (Mn), no noticeable Cr(VI) was found in the soil sample indicating the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the predominance of reducing conditions due to the presence of naturally occurring iron in the glacial till soil. Overall, this study provides a reasonable explanation of the speciation and distribution of chromium, nickel and cadmium during the electrokinetic remediation of glacial till soil.  相似文献   

16.
We evaluated exposure of aquatic biota to lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) in streams draining a Pb-mining district in southeast Missouri. Samples of plant biomass (detritus, periphyton, and filamentous algae), invertebrates (snails, crayfish, and riffle benthos), and two taxa of fish were collected from seven sites closest to mining areas (mining sites), four sites further downstream from mining (downstream sites), and eight reference sites in fall 2001. Samples of plant biomass from mining sites had highest metal concentrations, with means 10- to 60-times greater than those for reference sites. Mean metal concentrations in over 90% of samples of plant biomass from mining sites were significantly greater than those from reference sites. Mean concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in most invertebrate samples from mining sites, and mean Pb concentrations in most fish samples from mining sites, were also significantly greater than those from reference sites. Concentrations of all three metals were lower in samples from downstream sites, but several samples of plant biomass from downstream sites had metal concentrations significantly greater than those from reference sites. Analysis of supplemental samples collected in the fall of 2002, a year of above-average stream discharge, had lower Pb concentrations and higher Cd concentrations than samples collected in 2001, near the end of a multi-year drought. Concentrations of Pb measured in fish and invertebrates collected from mining sites during 2001 and 2002 were similar to those measured at nearby sites in the 1970s, during the early years of mining in the Viburnum Trend. Results of this study demonstrate that long-term Pb mining activity in southeast Missouri has resulted in significantly elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in biota of receiving streams, compared to biota of similar streams without direct influence of mining. Our results also demonstrate that metal exposure in the study area differed significantly among sample types, habitats, and years, and that these factors should be carefully considered in the design of biomonitoring studies.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The present study demonstrates comparison of Cr accumulatingpotential by the plants of Najas indica Cham. (submerged),Vallisneria spiralis L. (rooted submerged) and Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. (rooted emergent) under repeatedmetal exposure and its effect on chlorophyll and protein concentrations. These plants were treated with different concentrations of Cr under repeated exposure in controlled laboratory conditions to assess the maximum metal accumulationpotential. The plants of V. spiralis accumulated significantly high amount of Cr under laboratory conditions incomparison to N. indica and A. sessilis. The maximumaccumulation of 1378, 458 and 201 g g-1 dw Cr was found in the leaves of V. spiralis, N. indica and A. sessilis, respectively at 8 mg L-1 after 9 day of Cr exposure. These plants have shown a decrease in chlorophyll andprotein concentrations with increase in Cr concentrations. In view of high accumulation of Cr in V. spiralis, the plantswere treated with different concentrations of tannery effluent collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant, Unnao (UP). Theplants of V. spiralis treated with 100% tannery wastewatershowed the maximum accumulation (57.5 g g-1 dw) of Cr in the roots after 10 days of exposure. The plants were foundeffective in removing Cr from solution and tannery effluent.  相似文献   

19.
一起河流砷污染事故的处置与监测分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
介绍了大沙河砷污染事故的处置和监测分析。多介质排查监测摸清了污染的范围和程度,为治理工作提供了科学依据,污染治理措施有效控制了污染的扩散;监测数据表明,治理措施将水中砷污染物沉降至河床使污染水质达标排放。吸附了大量砷化合物的底泥被清理并进一步处置,多介质跟踪监测应持续进行直至不存在潜在危害。  相似文献   

20.
日本核泄漏事故引发的核危机为人类安全和平地利用核能又一次敲响了警钟.核事故应急工作作为减小核电站危害环境和公众安全的最后屏障,将起到重要的作用,必须做好相关的准备和响应工作.核应急辐射环境监测工作是核应急工作的重要组成部分,在对核应急辐射环境监测进行准备和响应时主要遵循实用性、适用性和适度性并兼顾常规和应急监测的“平战...  相似文献   

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