海水BOD自动测定仪

适用于淡水的BOD测定仪已经成型,海水盐度高,BOD浓度低,测定仪样品传输及测量的精度和微生物传感器菌种的耐盐性,给构建海水BOD自动测定仪带来困难.以溶解氧电极微生物传感器法为基础,依据海水BOD测定的技术特点,分析样品传输系统、恒温系统和信号采集与处理系统的技术要求,并筛选耗氧耐盐菌种作为微生物传感器的菌株,构建了海水BOD测定仪.用该测定仪测定海水标样,测定结果与标准稀释法测定的BOD5具有良好的相关性和准确度.     

As水质毒性发光细菌及微生物燃料电池在线监测技术的比选研究

针对实际应用需要,对比研究了发光细菌和微生物燃料电池两种不同毒性预警技术对典型类金属砷离子的响应差异,并考察了丰水期、枯水期河水水质背景干扰对响应信号的影响。结果表明,发光细菌法对砷离子响应较为灵敏,微生物燃料电池法对砷离子的响应非常灵敏。发光细菌法受水体水质背景干扰大,且不同生产厂家的仪器差异显著,推测可能是由于菌株来源不同、仪器响应灵敏度差异所造成。微生物燃料电池法对背景干扰的抗性较强,稳定性较高,河水加标与纯水加标样本的剂量-效应曲线差别不大。基于上述研究结果,分析了两种技术监测类金属砷的优缺点并提出实际在线运行的相关建议。     

微生物传感器测定水中BOD的研究进展

详细介绍了BOD微生物传感器的构造、基本工作原理以及微生物膜的制备和固定化技术;分析了近年来BOD微生物传感器的发展情况及其使用过程中的存在问题。根据BOD传感器的研究现状提出今后的研究方向和工作重点。     

微生物传感器快速测定水中BOD的研究与探讨

对大量不同行业和水样的实际样品进行BOD微生物传感器快速测定法与五日生化需氧量法(BOD5)的比对分析,在此基础上,指出了BOD快速测定法的注意事项以及应用范围.     

BOD微生物传感器和BOD智能生物检测仪的研究

报道了一种具有广泛底物的高效菌种制成的 BOD微生物传感器及智能型快速 BOD测定仪。采用该仪器 ,可快速测定水中的 BOD,测定周期仅为 3 0分钟     

BOD生物传感器快速测定方法应用与探讨

介绍了微生物传感器快速测定生化需氧量(BOD)的方法,通过对标准溶液、工业废水、地表水、污水处理厂废水的检测,分析其精密度和准确度,通过与BOD_5的比对,对方法的存在问题及适用性进行了探讨和研究,为该方法的发展及其在环境监测中的实际应用提供了技术依据。     

生化需氧量(BOD)测定技术进展

综合评述了BOD5指标发展历程和测定方法,重点讨论了标准稀释法接种技术和微生物传感器方法研究的主要进展。     

饮用水源微生物快速检测技术的发展及应用

微生物是威胁饮用水安全的首要问题，水环境微生物快速检测技术的开发和应用是推动饮用水源微生物快速检测和水质安全预警技术发展的保障。随着对水质微生物污染快速检测和准确预警新要求的提出，水环境中微生物在线检测和预警技术得到了越来越多的开发和应用。笔者总结了水环境常见微生物检测方法和技术的发展，重点讨论了饮用水源微生物快速检测技术的发展和应用，根据各项技术的应用和推广使用程度，将其归纳为常用快速检测技术、潜在适用快速检测技术和新型快速检测技术等类别，并详细阐述了一些应用较广的技术，以期为构建水质微生物污染早期预警系统提供参考。     

生化需氧量快速测定法的样品预处理

随着生物传感器技术的发展,现在我们可以采用固定化微生物传感器的方法来测定水质的BOD.该方法较之经典的五日稀释接种法省时省力.文章讨论了实验操作中的一些问题,得到了有实用价值的经验.     

生物传感器及其在环境监测中的应用

近年来,在环境监测中,各种各样的传感器被开发应用,如离子选择性电极、气敏电极等,而生物传感器的研究及应用则最引入注目.所谓生物传感器,是将具有分子识别能力的生物材料,如酶、微生物等固定在膜上,再与氧电极组合,构成类似转换器(将膜内生物反应转换成电信号)一样的新型化学物质检测器.它最大的特点是具有极好的选择性,并兼有简便、快速、重现性好等优点.目前,国外已研制和应用于环境监测的生物传感器有十多种,其中主要有BOD传感器、NH_3传感器、NO~(2-)传感器、致突变物传感器以及硫化物传感器等;国内学者张先思、孙裕生、邓家琪对BOD传感器的研制和实验也做了大量工作.本文着重介绍生物传感器的原理及其在环境监测中的应用.     

Non-steady response of BOD biosensor for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand in wastewater

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor for effective and expeditious BOD(7) estimations was constructed and the non-steady phase of the output signal was extensively studied. The modelling approach introduced allows response curve reconstruction and a curve fitting procedure of good quality, resulting in parameters indicating the relationship between response and organic substrate concentration and stability properties of the BOD biosensor. Also, the immobilization matrixes of different thicknesses were characterized to determine their suitability for bio-sensing measurements in non-stationary conditions, as well as for the determination of the mechanical durability of the BOD biosensor in time. The non-steady response of the experimental output of the BOD biosensor was fitted according to the developed model that enables to determine the stability of the biosensor output and dependency on biodegradable organic substrate concentration. The calibration range of the studied BOD biosensor in OECD synthetic wastewater was 15-110 mg O(2) L(-1). Repeatability tests showed relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 2.8% and 5.8% for the parameter τ(d), characterizing the transient output of the amperometric oxygen sensor in time, and τ(s), describing the dependency of the transient response of the BOD biosensor on organic substrate concentration, respectively. BOD biosensor experiments for the evaluation of the biochemical oxygen demand of easily degradable and refractory municipal wastewater showed good concurrence with traditional BOD(7) analysis.     

Practical field application of a novel BOD monitoring system

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) monitoring system, based on electrochemically-active bacteria in combination with a microbial fuel cell, has been developed for the purpose of on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring of practical wastewater. A microbial fuel cell that had been enriched with electrochemically-active bacteria was used as the basis of the measurement system. When synthetic wastewater was fed to the system, the current generation pattern and its Coulombic yield were found to be dependent on the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater were established. Real wastewater obtained from a sewage treatment plant also produced a highly linear correlation between the Coulombic yield and BOD5 in the system. To examine on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring capability, the BOD monitoring system was installed at a sewage treatment plant. Over 60 days, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability with the measuring period for a sample being 45 min. This application showed that the application of the measurement system was a rapid and practical way for the determination of BOD5 in water industries.     

废水的BOD_5测定中根据BOD_5／COD_（cr）值确定稀释比的一种方法

废水的ＢＯＤ５测定中取稀释比是一个很重要的问题。本文根据数学推导得出ＢＯＤ５测定中取稀释比的一种方法。ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ值在０．０５－０．１，０．１－０．３，０．３－０．６，０．６－１．０四个范围内其稀释比ｆ２可对应取５５／ＣＯＤｃｒ、２２／ＣＯＤｃｒ、９／ＣＯＤｃｒ、５／ＣＯＤｃｒ。     

五日生化需氧量测定中稀释倍数的估算

假定样品经过培养后耗氧率达５５％；推导出ＢＯＤ５稀释倍数Ｋ＝ＢＯＤ５／４．４，由稀释程度规定推导出ＢＯＤ５稀释倍数Ｋ＝（ＢＯＤ５－１）／４．０两种方法Ｋ基本相同，标准样品，工业废水经上述方法稀释后，测定结果比较满意，尤其对工业废水测定，既缩短了分析时间，又降低了测定误差。     

Design and assembly of an experimental laboratory for the study of atmosphere–plant interactions in the system of fumigation chambers

A 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) test has been used as the standard measurement of organic pollution in rivers worldwide. However, it may be argued that BOD is not a sufficient indicator of organic pollution when nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand (NBOD) is present in water samples. In this study, BOD, NBOD, and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) of treated sewage effluent (TSE) were measured near at the discharge outlet of 3 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Sakai, Itachi, and Kashio rivers in Central Japan. Additional measurements were conducted at one point upstream and two points downstream from the STP discharge points in the rivers. It was estimated that NBOD values in the TSE of Sakai River, Kashio River and Itachi River accounted for 54%, 69% and 18% of their BOD values, respectively. Respective NH4+ and NO2- concentrations were positively correlated with those of NBOD values in Sakai, Itachi, and Kashio rivers. The BOD loads from the TSE were estimated to be 2.2, 5.7, and 1.2 times higher than the CBOD loads in the Sakai, Itachi, and Kashio rivers, respectively. The variation of the portion of NBOD values of each TSE, as well as the ratios of CBOD to BOD loads, was attributed to the difference in each STP system. Consequently, the NH4+ and NO2- of TSE led to the increase of NBOD in the Sakai River basin.     

Comparison of BOD results obtained by dilution and manometric methods in sanitary landfill leachates

This study examined the determination of BOD in landfill leachates by dilution (D-method) and manometric methods (M-method). The differences in results were discussed based on statistical tests. The effects of sample dilution, seeding, chloride and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) level were examined. The M-method was found to be more sensitive to increases in chloride and TKN concentrations. However, in the M-method the positive interference of nitrogenous BOD (NBOD) to carbonaceous BOD (CBOD) was more successfully prevented. The BOD rate constant k and the ultimate BOD (BODu) were estimated by non-linear regression. With the M-method these parameters could be more reliably estimated than the D-method. Suggestions were made for BOD analyses in landfill leachates in future studies.     

Measurement of biochemical oxygen demand of the leachates

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the leachates originally from the different types of landfill sites was studied based on the data measured using the two manometric methods. The measurements of BOD using the dilution method were carried out to assess the typical physicochemical and biological characteristics of the leachates together with some other parameters. The linear regression analysis was used to predict rate constants for biochemical reactions and ultimate BOD values of the different leachates. The rate of a biochemical reaction implicated in microbial biodegradation of pollutants depends on the leachate characteristics, mass of contaminant in the leachate, and nature of the leachate. Character of leachate samples for BOD analysis of using the different methods may differ significantly during the experimental period, resulting in different BOD values. This work intends to verify effect of the different dilutions for the manometric method tests on the BOD concentrations of the leachate samples to contribute to the assessment of reaction rate and microbial consumption of oxygen.     

地表水中BOD 5监测时的快速估算

阐述了BOD5与溶解氧之间的相关性,提出可以通过溶解氧和水温估算BOD5值,但是,首先要建立水样稀释前溶解氧与BOD5的相关关系.举例说明了对地表水中BOD5值的估算和稀释倍数确定的应用.     

Application of Defined Co-Immobilized Microbial Consortium as a Ready-to-Use Seed Inoculum in Bod Analysis

A number of microorganisms were isolated from sewage. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD-5 day) analysis was carried out by individual pure cultures. The cultures giving higher or equal BOD values as compared to reference GGA solution were selected for the formulation of a defined mixed microbial consortium. This microbial consortium was co-immobilized on calcium-alginate beads. Four synthetic and six industrial samples were tested for BOD by using immobilized beads as well as sewage as source of seeding materials. BOD values obtained with beads for all the synthetic as well as industrial samples were fairly comparable with those obtained with sewage. Reusability of prepared microbial beads was also checked with different synthetic and industrial samples and was compared with reference GGA solution. The same microbial beads can be reused three times for different BOD-5 day estimations. It is recommended that immobilized microbial beads can be used as a ready-to-use seeding material for BOD analysis.