共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 399 毫秒
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随着中国工业化进程的发展,工业危险废物产量和堆存量逐年增加,但相应的危废贮存管理工作尚不完善,导致危废工人面临健康和安全风险.鉴于国内缺乏对工业危废贮存工人职业健康风险的定量评估方法,采用Fluent软件模拟某工业危废暂存间挥发性污染物的空间分布,并对工人暴露在挥发性有机气体下吸入途径的健康风险进行定量评价.结果表明:工业危废贮存间内会产生甲苯、二甲苯等有毒有害气体,存在非致癌性风险;暂存间内,有害气体在呼吸带高度浓度值最大,若只开启工作区域对应卸料门,气体浓度将超过GBZ 2.1-2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》标准,会对工人造成职业健康风险. 相似文献
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为加强废弃危险化学品等危险废物监管,无锡市探索创新跨部门联合监管,建立了危险废物安全环保联合管控工作机制,在法定职责未能细分的情况下,明确多部门共同承担安全生产监管责任,形成覆盖全市的危险废物产生、收集、贮存、转移、处置全过程监管体系。 相似文献
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为更好地指导危废焚烧工程的消防设计,分析了《危险废物集中焚烧处置工程建设技术规范》(HJ/T 176—2005)、《建筑设计防火规范(2018年版)》(GB 50016—2014)、《石油化工企业设计防火标准(2018年版)》(GB 50160—2008)、《火力发电厂与变电站设计防火标准》(GB 50229—2019)、《钢铁冶金企业设计防火标准》(GB 50414—2018)和《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》(GB 50116—2013)的相关条文,明确了危废焚烧工程重点区域的火灾危险性,对各种火灾报警及灭火系统的适用性进行了对比,并对消防系统的选择提出了建议。 相似文献
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《中国安全科学学报》2004,14(2):10-10
国家环保总局1月19日印发通知,公布国务院批复的《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》(下称《规划》)。《规划》提出,为控制危险废物、医疗废物和放射性废物环境污染,保障人体健康,各级政府将加大投资力度,吸引社会投资,3年投资149.2亿元人民币,基本实现危险废物、医疗废物和放射性废物安全贮存和处置。 相似文献
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基于风险管理理论,结合现场调研结果,总结、阐述产废企业在危险废物管理过程中存在的突出问题,识别其潜在的安全风险,并就控制措施进行探讨。 相似文献
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Three accidents occurred in east China's Jiangsu Province in March and April 2019. These accidents sounded the safety alarm for the management of industrial hazardous waste in the “heavy industry” era. This paper explored the internal causes of these accidents through the current situation of the generation, disposal and comprehensive utilization of industrial hazardous waste in China. The results of the analysis showed that the enterprises management systems of hazardous waste had serious problems at the current stage, leading to many potential risks. The chief problem resided in the fact that these systems failed to take full account of safety and environmental protection. Finally, suggestions for improvement were proposed concerning the above problems. 相似文献
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强调了劳动安全卫生设计的重要性,就《废气治理环保项目劳动安全卫生设计专篇》的编写方法进行了说明。指出了环保项目中常见的危险危害因素,并提出相应的防范技术措施。 相似文献
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黄岛石化区是一个集油品储运、原油炼制、芳烃加工为一体的大型石油化工基地。目前,区域内拥有原油炼制能力达到1000多万吨,危险化学品存储能力接近1000万吨,危化品码头吞吐能力接近6000万吨,并且危化品项目的规模还在不断扩大中。鉴于危化品项目的危险性较高,石化区域的消防安全就成了企业生产安全的重要保障,而消防安全是否有保证则与区域内企业的生产存储装置的危险程度、安全设施配置、消防设施的配置以及消防队伍和车辆的配置等有直接的关系。笔者通过对区域内上述各方面信息的详细了解,并在参阅了大量技术文献资料的基础上,分别以生产装置火灾和存储装置火灾为对象进行了消防安全的初步评估,同时对区域内消防方面存在的问题提出改进建议。 相似文献
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危险废物管理系统的优化 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
危险废物管理系统的规划和设计包括处理和处置设施的选择、危险废物的分配、废物残渣从产生地运往处理处置点运输路线的选择等。在考虑了不同危险废物的不同特征、不同废物间的相容性、废物与处理技术的相容性、废物处置设施产生的废物残渣和选址问题等,基于多目标整数规划方法,提出了危险废物管理系统的优化模型。其中,经济目标包括运输费用、处理与处置成本、处理废物经济效益,环境目标包括处理设施总的环境影响、运输过程的环境影响,并从经济和环境影响方面,提出了一个综合考虑了费用和环境影响相关目标的复合效用函数。所提出的危险废物管理系统优化模型对我国区域性危险废物管理提供理论参考。 相似文献
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运用卫星遥感(RS)技术、地理信息系统(GIS)和全球定位系统(GPS),按国家、省、市、县4级模式,建立突发性危险废物污染事故预警系统.国家级预警系统主要对跨省界及跨国突发性污染事故进行应急处置,对省级应急事故处置进行指导;省级预警系统主要对跨市界突发性污染事故进行应急处置,并指导市级污染事故应急处置;市级预警系统主要负责跨县界突发性污染事故的应急处置并指导县级污染事故应急处置;县级预警系统主要负责本行政区内的突发性污染事故的应急处置.建立4级预警系统的主要目的是使各级政府突出重点,集中解决本行政区域内突发性环境污染事故的应急处置,从管理层面上在全国建立一个能对突发性污染事故实施统一指挥协调、现场快速监测和应急处理,又能对污染隐患进行监控和警告的应急响应系统.以辽宁省辽河为案例,通过3S技术的综合运用,构建省级流域突发性危险废物污染事故预警系统方案,为政府应急决策提供快速服务. 相似文献
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资源开发和环境保护需要平衡对待,为了谋求社会的发展,资源的开发和利用必不可少,然而资源的开发必然牵扯到与资源相关的环境变化。随着我国环境保护事业的逐步推进,资源开发利用对环境的影响越来越受到重视,环境影响评价成为资源开发利用前的必要环节。地下水环境不仅是水资源环境的一部分,还是生态系统的一部分,与社会生产、生活的多个方面都有牵连,而矿产资源、水资源、石油天然气资源的开发利用都或多或少会影响到地下水环境。本文从地下水环境影响评价入手,分析地下水环境影响评价的内容,探讨地下水环境影响评价中的关键问题。 相似文献
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A carefully designed survey of medical waste management was undertaken in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. A range of sampling strategies and data gathering techniques were used. The data gathering techniques included observation, formal structured interview and informal dialogue. Sampling strategies included formal representative sampling for fixed populations and adaptive sampling for roaming populations was developed. Data were collected from healthcare establishments (HCEs) and other waste disposal operatives.Operatives dealing with waste were frequently found to be untrained, and without even a basic understanding of the hazards involved. Personal protective equipment was inadequate in most cases which led to frequent accidental injuries. No HCE was found to have adequate storage facilities for hazardous waste. Thus scavengers were able to gain access to items such as syringes and expired medicines, which they repackaged and resold. The lack of correctly controlled internal storage may be linked to the observation that employees at many HCEs offered contaminated items for sale to scavengers and recycling operatives. In many cases there was no attempt at segregation, but in some cases there was segregation at the point of use, but subsequent remixing with general waste, indicating a lack of management and education rather than a lack of will. In either case, hazardous waste was dumped in city corporation bins, and disposed of on general landfill sites. As well as exposing the waste to scavengers, this could potentially contaminate ground water, especially as the dumps were located in areas subject to frequent flooding. 相似文献
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Primary lithium batteries contain hazardous materials such as lithium metal and flammable solvents, which can lead to exothermic activity and runaway reactions above a defined temperature. Lithium-ion batteries operating outside the safe envelope can also lead to formation of lithium metal and thermal runaway. Despite protection by battery safety mechanisms, fires originating from primary lithium and lithium-ion batteries are a relatively frequent occurrence.This paper reviews the hazards associated with primary lithium and lithium-ion cells, with an emphasis on the role played by chemistry at individual cell level. Safety mechanisms to prevent the occurrence and limit the consequences of incidents are reviewed, together with safety tests to monitor compliance with battery safety regulations and standards. Incident information from news accounts and open literature sources are reviewed to extract causal information.It is concluded that the potential severity of incidents during storage, transport and recycling of waste batteries can be significantly higher than in end-use applications. Safe storage, packaging and labelling practices, as well as communication among the parties involved, are essential to ensure safety across the battery lifecycle. It is recommended that a database of lithium battery incidents would be valuable to improve the evidence base for informing accident prevention measures. 相似文献