酸浸出法回收冶金污泥中的有价金属

采用二次酸浸出的方法回收镍钴湿法冶金工业污泥中的有价金属。先采用水和硫酸作为浸出剂浸出Mg和Na,最佳工艺条件为浸出液的pH 7.5、浸出时间5 min、浸出剂体积与干污泥质量的比(ω)为10 mL/g。再采用硫酸作为浸出剂、焦亚硫酸钠作为还原剂进行二次酸浸,在硫酸与污泥质量比为1.3、焦亚硫酸钠与污泥质量比为0.3、ω为5 mL/g、浸出温度85℃、浸出时间20 min的最佳工艺条件下,Co、Ni、Cu、Mn和Zn的浸出率分别达92.45%、93.48%、89.52%、97.78%和94.79%。经XRD表征,浸出后污泥中未见原污泥中的矿物相,说明原污泥中的矿物几乎全部被溶解。     

废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理

研究了废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理工艺。实验结果表明:经质量浓度30 g/L NaCl溶液浸泡9.0 h可实现电池放电,残余电压在0.5 V以下;在60℃恒温水浴振荡、NaOH质量浓度40 g/L、废锂电池质量与NaOH溶液体积的比为15 g/L的优化条件下,集流体完全与活性物质分离,回收得到的黑色粉末为LiCoO2活性材料,未见铝杂质的特征峰;通过硫酸中和的方法回收碱浸溶液中的铝,当体系pH为10.0时,可获得最大量的Al(OH)3沉淀,沉淀物颗粒表面光滑,粒径大小不一。     

CaCl_2与纳米SiO_2-聚硅酸铝铁复合混凝剂处理高氟废水

采用CaCl_2和纳米SiO_2-聚硅酸铝铁复合混凝剂对含氟废水进行两步除氟。实验结果表明:ρ(F-)为420.0 mg/L、pH为8.5的含氟废水经CaCl_2处理后ρ(F-)降至26.5 mg/L;在二级除氟pH为11.5、复合混凝剂加入量(复合混凝剂与废水体积比)为0.50%的最佳条件下处理60 min后废水中ρ(F-)降至5.7 mg/L,而采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)进行二级除氟时,ρ(F-)可降至8.7 mg/L,表明复合混凝剂比PAC的除氟效果更佳。复合混凝剂中自由离子和单体羟基配合物形态Al和Fe的含量相对较高,分别占76.5%和92.5%,而低聚合度的多核羟基配合物及高聚物形态Al和Fe的含量相对较低。     

高铁酸钾氧化降解水中的苯酚

以自制的固体K2FeO4作为氧化剂对水中的苯酚进行氧化降解.在苯酚初始浓度为0.10 mmol /L、溶液pH 为9、反应时间为30 min、n(K2FeO4)= n(苯酚)为15 的条件下,苯酚去除率可达99.8%.反应过程中,K2 FeO4的强氧化作用与其产物Fe(OH)3 的絮凝作用产生协同效应,提高了苯酚的降解...     

赤泥制备含钛聚硅酸铝铁及亚甲基蓝溶液的混凝脱色

以拜耳法赤泥为原料、Na Cl为助溶剂,采用酸浸法溶出赤泥中的铁、铝元素,再与硅酸钠、硫酸氧钛反应制备出高效混凝剂含钛聚硅酸铝铁(T-PSAF),并将其用于模拟亚甲基蓝印染废水的脱色。实验结果表明:在硫酸浓度为8 mol/L、液固比(硫酸体积与干赤泥质量之比)为14 m L/g、酸浸温度为80℃、酸浸时间为80 min、Na Cl加入量为0.10 g/g(以干赤泥计)的优化酸浸条件下,铁、铝的浸出率分别为88.25%和73.21%;在n(Fe+Al)∶n(Ti)∶n(Si)=0.3∶0.3∶1、熟化p H为4~5、熟化时间为2 h、混凝剂加入量为25 m L/L的优化混凝条件下,初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度为10 mg/L的废水的脱色率可达87.1%,而当初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度增至150~200 mg/L时废水脱色率可达99%以上。     

废弃SCR催化剂中钒和钨的浸出及回收

采用NaOH溶液一次性浸出废弃SCR催化剂中的钒和钨,并用硫酸对浸出液进行除杂,再利用NH4Cl和硫酸分步对浸出液中的钒和钨进行沉淀回收。在NaOH质量分数40%、液固比8、浸出时间4 h、浸出温度90℃的最佳碱浸条件下,钒和钨的浸出率分别达到90.44%和84.49%。除杂过程的铝去除率达到100%,硅去除率达到77.56%。在沉钒pH为8.0、n(NH_4~+)∶n(V)为4的最佳沉钒条件下,钒回收率达到82.79%。在n(SO_4~(2-))∶n(W)为2的最佳沉钨条件下,钨回收率达到76.41%。     

分步沉淀去除磷酸铁生产废水中的磷酸根和硫酸根

采用分步化学沉淀法分别脱除并回收磷酸铁生产废水中的高浓度磷酸根和硫酸根。实验结果表明:在以n(Fe~(3+))∶n(PO_4~(3-))=1.0的比例加入硫酸铁、反应时间为40 min、反应温度为25℃、废水初始p H为8.17、反应30 min时二次调节废水p H至5.50的条件下,磷酸根去除率可达98%以上,所得沉淀中Fe和P的质量分数分别为36.77%和18.81%,成分简单,回收价值高;采用氢氧化钙作为沉淀剂,在n(Ca~(2+))∶n(SO_4~(2-))=1.0的条件下可将废水中硫酸根质量浓度由78.62 g/L降至2.16 g/L,硫酸根去除率为97.3%,硫酸钙回收量为120.2 g/L;最终出水的磷酸根质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L,满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准。     

废旧电脑资源化初探

介绍了采用风力分选工艺回收废旧电脑电路板中Cu,Sn等金属.研究表明,废旧电脑印刷电路板破碎到0.5 mm以下就可以使电路板上的金属和非金属物质得到充分解离.立式和卧式电路板中Cu和Sn含量总和分别约为20%和13%,且含有一定量的Fe,Pb和Ni.采用风选工艺可以回收几乎所有的Cu及约50%的Sn.     

过氧化氢及次氯酸钠的同步电合成及其原位氨氮去除效果

利用电解法在离子隔膜电解槽反应器的阴阳极室以较高的电流效率分别合成了过氧化氢和次氯酸钠。对原位合成的次氯酸钠等含氯氧化剂的氨氮去除效果进行了考察,在初始ρ(NH_4~+-N)为1 000 mg/L和电极间距为5 mm的条件下,阴极合成过氧化氢的电流效率和TN去除率均高达100%。     

吸附—电化学法组合工艺处理废乳化液

以季铵盐改性硅藻土为吸油剂,采用吸附—电化学组合工艺处理拉丝废乳化液,优化了工艺条件。实验结果表明,在乳化液pH为5.0、吸油剂加入量为20 g/L、反应温度为25℃的最优条件下吸附除油15 min,然后在清液pH为8.5、阳极电流密度为4 A/dm~2的最优条件下电化学反应4 h后,废水无色无味,COD为43 mg/L,ρ(NH_3-N)=0,ρ(Cu)=1.6 mg/L,ρ(Zn)=3.7 mg/L,浊度为1.1 NTU,达到GB 8978—1996污水综合排放标准。     

酸浸—萃取—沉淀法回收废锂离子电池中的钴

采用酸浸—萃取—沉淀法回收废锂离子电池中的钴。实验结果表明:废锂离子电池在600℃下煅烧5 h可将正极材料上的有机黏结剂与正极活性物质分离;正极活性物质在Na OH溶液浓度为2.0 mol/L、n(Na OH)∶n(铝)=2.5、碱浸温度为20℃的条件下碱浸反应1 h后,铝浸出率达99.7%;已除铝的正极活性物质在硫酸浓度为2.5 mol/L、H_2O_2质量浓度为7.25 g/L、液固比为10、酸浸温度为85℃的条件下酸浸反应120 min,钴浸出率高达98.0%;酸浸液在p H为3.5、萃取剂P507与Cyanex272体积比为1∶1的条件下,经2级萃取,钴萃取率为95.5%;采用H_2SO_4溶液反萃后在硫化钠质量浓度为8 g/L、反萃液p H为4的条件下沉淀反应10 min,钴沉淀率达99.9%。     

Bioleaching of metals from spent lithium ion secondary batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Bioleaching of spent lithium ion secondary batteries, containing LiCoO2, was attempted in this investigation. The present study was carried out using chemolithotrophic and acidophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which utilized elemental sulfur and ferrous ion as the energy source to produce metabolites like sulfuric acids and ferric ion in the leaching medium. These metabolites helped dissolve metals from spent batteries. Bio-dissolution of cobalt was found to be faster than lithium. The effect of initial Fe(II) concentration, initial pH and solid/liquid (w/v) ratio during bioleaching of spent battery wastes were studied in detail. Higher Fe(II) concentration showed a decrease in dissolution due co-precipitation of Fe(III) with the metals in the residues. The higher solid/liquid ratio (w/v) also affected the metal dissolution by arresting the cell growth due to increased metal concentration in the waste sample. An EDXA mapping was carried out to compare the solubility of both cobalt and lithium, and the slow dissolution rate was clearly found from the figures.     

失效动力锂离子电池再利用和有用金属回收技术研究

动力锂离子电池以其贮电能力大、充放电速度快等优点被广泛应用在电动汽车上,近年来失效电动汽车动力锂离子电池报废量不断增加,但未得到有效处理回收,造成了巨大的资源浪费和环境污染.失效电池还有80％左右的容量可以使用,可以在场地车或者储能电站进行再利用,以达到材料和电池的最大利用率;同时电池中含有多种有用金属（如Co,Al,Ni,Li等）且相对含量较高,极具回收价值.针对失效动力锂离子电池的再利用和有用金属的各种回收方法进行了评述.     

Vitrification for reclaiming spent alkaline batteries

The object of this study is to stabilize spent alkaline batteries and to recover useful metals. A blend of dolomite, limestone, and cullet was added to act as a reductant and a glass matrix former in vitrification. Specimens were vitrified using an electrical heating furnace at 1400 °C and the output products included slag, ingot, flue gas, and fly ash. The major constituents of the slag were Ca, Mn, and Si, and the results of the toxicity leaching characteristics met the standards in Taiwan. The ingot was a good material for use in production of stainless steel, due to being mainly composed of Fe and Mn. For the fly ash, the high level of Zn makes it economical to recover. The distribution of metals indicated that most of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni moved to the ingot, while Al, Ca, Mg, and Si stayed in the slag; Hg vaporized as gas phase into the flue gas; and Cd, Pb, and Zn were predominately in the fly ash. Recovery efficiency for Fe and Zn was >90% and the results show that vitrification is a promising technology for reclaiming spent alkaline batteries.     

Environmental friendly leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries

We investigated an environmentally friendly leaching process for the recovery of cobalt and lithium from the cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries. The easily degradable organic acid DL-malic acid (C₄H₅O₆) was used as a leaching reagent. The structural, morphology of the cathode materials before and after leaching were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The amount of Co and Li present in the leachate was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Conditions for achieving a recovery of more than 90 wt.% Co and nearly 100 wt.% Li were determined experimentally by varying the concentrations of leachant, time and temperature of the reaction as well as the initial solid-to-liquid ratio. We found that hydrogen peroxide in a DL-malic acid solution is an effective reducing agent because it enhances the leaching efficiency. Leaching with 1.5 M DL-malic acid, 2.0 vol.% hydrogen peroxide and a S:L of 20 g L^?1 in a batch extractor results in a highly efficient recovery of the metals within 40 min at 90 °C.     

氨基磺酸溶液浸出废锂离子电池负极活性材料中的锂

随着锂离子电池的广泛应用,产生了大量废锂离子电池,其负极活性材料中积累了高品位的锂。锂作为一种稀有金属,对其进行回收利用很有意义。选取了无毒、稳定性好的氨基磺酸作为浸出剂,浸取废锂离子电池负极活性材料中的锂,考察了预处理方式对负极活性材料成分和结构的影响以及浸出条件对锂浸出率的影响。结果表明:600℃下煅烧4 h,可完全去除附着在负极活性材料表面的有机物;在氨基磺酸浓度0.75 mol/L、固液比5 g/L、浸出温度40℃、浸出时间45 min的最佳浸出条件下,负极活性材料中锂浸出率达97.2%。     

Chemical and physical characterization of electrode materials of spent sealed Ni-Cd batteries

The present work aimed at the chemical and physical characterization of spent sealed MONO-type Ni-Cd batteries, contributing to a better definition of the recycling process of these spent products. The electrode material containing essentially nickel, cadmium and some cobalt corresponds to approximately 49% of the weight of the batteries. The remaining components are the steel parts from the external case and the supporting grids (40%) containing Fe and Ni, the electrolyte (9%) and the plastic components (2%). Elemental quantitative analysis showed that the electrodes are highly concentrated in metals. The phase identification achieved by X-ray powder diffraction combined with chemical analysis and leaching tests allowed the authors to proceed with the composition of the electrode materials as following: cathode: 28.7% metallic Ni, 53.3% Ni(OH)2, 6.8% Cd(OH)2 and 2.8% Co(OH)2; anode: 39.4% metallic Ni and 57.0% Cd(OH)2. The morphology of the electrodes was studied by microscopic techniques and two phases were observed in the electrodes: (1) a bright metallic phase constituted of small nickel grains that acts as conductor, and (2) the main hydroxide phase of the active electrodes into which the nickel grains are dispersed. The disaggregation of the electrode particles from the supporting plates was easily obtained during the dismantling procedures, indicating that a substantial percentage of the electrodes can be efficiently separated by wet sieving after shredding the spent batteries.