燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”模式下循环冷却水处理技术

介绍了燃煤电厂烟塔合一技术的发展趋势,探讨了烟塔合一模式对循环冷却水的影响,分析了烟塔合一模式下循环冷却水处理技术的可行性,提出了烟塔合一对循环水的影响对策。     

燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”技术在环评技术评估中存在的问题与建议

介绍了国内外燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”技术的应用现状，阐述了我国已评估“烟塔合一”燃煤电厂的特点，重点对我国采用此技术的项目环评技术评估情况进行了分析，并针对评估中存在的预测结果不确定及复核困难、环境影响认识不统一等问题提出了相关建议。     

燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”技术环境防护距离估算

介绍了国内燃煤电厂＂烟塔合一＂技术的应用现状,结合实际情况阐述了＂烟塔合一＂环境防护距离设置的必要性,列举工程实例说明现阶段大气环境防护距离估算方法。     

排烟冷却塔烟气抬升高度的计算分析

华北地区某电厂排烟冷却塔烟气抬升高度的光学照相法实测结果显示，选用S／P模式计算出排烟冷却塔烟气括升高度是合理的。在环境风速小、空气潮湿条件下，采用排烟冷却塔排放方式有利于污染物稀释扩散；在环境风速大、空气干燥、逆温等不利气象条件时，采用排烟冷却塔排放方式，烟气抬升高度较低。     

基于SCREEN3的燃煤电厂海岸线熏烟问题研究

以2×300MW、2×600MW、2×1000MW海边燃煤电厂为例,采用SCREEN3模式利用正交试验法研究了海岸线熏烟和常规气象条件下,不同烟囱高度、不同排烟温度、不同离岸距离时最大落地浓度及其发生距离。结果表明：对于海边大型燃煤电厂,海岸线熏烟的发生与离岸距离、烟囱高度、排烟温度等因素有关;海岸线熏烟最大落地浓度（Smax）是常规气象条件下最大落地浓度（Cmax）的2倍以上,有时甚至达到4倍以上。Smax和Cmax均随排烟温度的升高而降低,Smax随烟囱离岸距离的增加而升高;熏烟最大落地浓度的发生距离（SL）远大于常规气象条件下最大落地浓度的发生距离（CL）,两者均随烟囱高度和排烟温度的升高而增加,SL随离岸距离的增加而缩短;对于离岸距离在3km以内的海边大型燃煤电厂,在环境影响评价时对厂址周边1.3～7.7km范围内有环境敏感点的区域要特别关注海岸线熏烟问题。     

国电石横发电厂4号炉低压省煤器的应用与节能分析

国电石横发电厂从锅炉运行实际情况出发，对4号炉低压省煤器进行了应用改造，结合其他电厂锅炉低压省煤器的运行经验，制定了4号炉低压省煤器改造后的实际运行调节措施，降低了锅炉排烟温度，保证了锅炉投运低压省煤器后的安全经济运行，同时对其节能效果进行了分析。     

火电厂烟塔合一和烟囱排放大气环境影响比较——以宝鸡第二发电厂为例

以宝鸡第二发电厂间接空冷机组为例,分别采用德国AUSTAL2000大气预测模式与美国AERMOD大气预测模式,对烟塔合一和烟囱两种排放方式的大气环境影响进行分析预测,并分析了地形因素对预测结果的影响。通过对比分析得知,烟塔合一排放的地面浓度分布较分散,而烟囱排放造成的地面浓度分布较集中。考虑地形影响时采用AUSTAL2000计算的烟塔合一地面浓度比AERMOD计算的烟囱小,不考虑地形时则反之。     

锅炉排烟温度高分析方法研究

介绍了锅炉排烟温度对锅炉热效率及发电厂经济性的影响，通过计算说明排烟温度对锅炉经济运行的重要性。通过实例重点介绍排烟温度高问题的诊断要点及引起排烟温度升高原因的分析方法。     

中储式煤粉锅炉燃烧优化调整试验研究

为提高电厂锅炉燃煤煤质变差后锅炉运行的经济性,进行了燃烧优化调整试验,通过比较飞灰可燃物含量、锅炉热效率、排烟温度、制粉系统耗电率重新确定了制粉系统最佳出力下的经济煤粉细度,分析了制粉系统运行方式、二次风配风方式、过量空气系数、燃煤配比对锅炉运行经济性的影响,提出了锅炉更经济的运行工况。     

耐酸胶泥用于脱硫烟囱防腐的可行性初探

结合一失败案例，探讨了耐酸胶泥内衬用于脱硫烟囱排烟筒防腐的技术可行性。从设计、施工、材料特性等方面进行了分析，得出了耐酸胶泥内衬在脱硫后湿烟囱排烟筒中应慎用的结论。     

平板陶瓷膜回收烟气水热的实验研究

将平板陶瓷膜组成膜组件对烟气水分和余热进行回收,考察了烟气的温度、相对湿度、流速和冷却水温度等参数对膜组件水热回收性能的影响。在实验工况下,水通量和水回收效率随着烟气温度、烟气相对湿度的增加和冷却水温度的降低而上升;水通量随着烟气流速的加快而上升,水回收效率随着烟气流速的加快先上升后降低;膜组件的水通量和水回收效率最高分别可达22.0 kg/(m²·h)和36.3%。平板陶瓷膜回收的热量主要来自烟气潜热,烟气潜热换热量与水通量呈正相关变化趋势。在实验工况下,平板陶瓷膜组件的总传热系数最高为412 W/(m²·℃),高于多通道管式陶瓷膜和单通道管式陶瓷膜。     

Feasibility of a monitoring system for detecting changes in dioxin concentrations of both in flue gas and fly ash in incineration plants

Surrogate measurements should be low in cost and quick to perform. To examine its feasibility, continuous surrogate monitoring was performed using an organic halogen compound (OHC) analyzer. Surrogates for dioxins (DXNs) from waste incinerators were examined by changing the operating conditions such as the atomized volume of activated carbon added and the temperature at the inlet of the dust collector. OHCs were measured along with DXNs in flue gas at the inlet and the outlet of the dust collector of two waste incinerators over five runs; the fly ash was sampled at the same time. Although the final flue gas concentration of DXNs at the incineration plants was below the regulation criteria, this does not mean complete reduction of DXNs. In addition, the de novo synthesis of DXNs inside the dust collectors was studied by analyzing the mass balance for DXNs concentrations in flue gas and fly ash. Semivolatile chlorinated organic compound concentrations at the outlet of the bag filter were basically well correlated with DXNs levels at the inlet of the bag filter in the test runs. When advanced flue gas treatment is applied by using a bag filter and lime/activated carbon adsorbent, DXNs that may be generated during flue gas cooling processes move to the fly ash, and this amount determines the mass balance of the entire system. It may be useful to monitor surrogate organic halogens for detecting changes in DXN concentrations of both flue gas and fly ash in incineration plants.     

Effects of gaseous NH(3) and SO(2) on the concentration profiles of PCDD/F in flyash under post-combustion zone conditions

The influence of gaseous ammonia and sulphur dioxide on the formation of 2378-substituted PCDD/F on a reference flyash from a municipal waste incinerator has been investigated using a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor. The reference flyash samples (BCR-490) was reacted under a simulated flue gas stream at temperatures of 225 and 375°C for 96h. The experiments were carried out in two series: first with simulated flue gas alone, and then with injection of NH(3) or SO(2) gas into the flue gas just before the reactor inlet. It was found that the injection of gaseous ammonia into the flue gas could decrease the concentration of both PCDD and PCDF by 34-75% from the solid phase and by 21-40% from the gas phase. Converting the results to I-TEQ values, it could reduce the total I-TEQ values of PCDD and PCDF in the sum of the flyash and exhaust flue gas by 42-75% and 24-57% respectively. The application of SO(2) led to 99% and 93% reductions in the PCDD and PCDF average congener concentrations, respectively in the solid phase. In the gas phase, the total reductions were 89% and 76% for PCDD and PCDF, respectively. Moreover, addition of SO(2) reduced the total I-TEQ value of PCDD and PCDF in the flyash and exhaust flue gas together by 60-86% and 72-82% respectively. Sulphur dioxide was more effective than ammonia in suppressing PCDD/F formation in flyash under the conditions investigated.     

石灰石/石灰-石膏湿法脱硫几种反应塔的比较

石灰石／石灰－石膏湿法烟气脱硫是控制二氧化硫排放的最常用方法。通过对该方法几种主要工艺及反应塔的比较,研究了喷淋塔,格栅塔,鼓泡塔和液柱塔在结构与工艺上的差异,以及它们在中国的实际应用,分析了各种脱硫反应塔的优缺点,并由此归纳出脱硫反应塔发展的趋势,研究结果将为脱硫工艺以及脱硫塔的选择提供依据和参考。     

烟气脱硝装置与电厂设备运行的相互影响

火电厂烟气脱硝装置中的二氧化硫、灰分、氨及催化剂中的各种重金属在高温烟气的作用下发生各种化学作用,生成的硫酸氢氨等产物对火电厂的各种设备均会产生不同影响.同时由于系统阻力及荷载的变化,也会对电厂其他相关设备产生影响,根据目前工程的运行经验,火电厂在增设脱硝装置后,均会对空气预热器、引风机、锅炉钢架等进行改造.通过综合分析烟气脱硝装置产生的影响原因及解决办法,为脱硝装置的设计提供参考.     

Characteristics of azaarenes and dioxins in gases emitted from waste incinerators

In this study, we propose an analytical method to determine the fourteen of azaarenes present in flue gas samples collected according to Japanese Industrial Standard K 0311, which designates the method for the determination of dioxins in flue gas. Azaarenes can be analyzed using the acidic water phase after shaking extraction with dichloromethane, which is unnecessary for dioxin analysis. Flue gas samples were obtained from 24 waste incinerators in Japan, and azaarenes were detected in all the flue gas samples (0.21–3800 μg/m³ _N). The most abundant of the detected compounds were quinoline and isoquinoline. The concentration of azaarenes had a tendency to increase with that of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The isomer distribution of heptachloro-dibenzofurans (HpCDFs) was calculated using the computed Gibbs energy of formation (ΔG _f ) obtained by the semiempirical molecular orbital method at various temperatures. The calculated isomer distribution was fitted to the measured value of HpCDFs. It seems that the temperature obtained from the fitting calculations is an indicator of the cooling capacity of the combustion gas in an incinerator. The computed ΔG _f also explained the measured isomer distributions of azaarenes. It is suggested that the isomer distribution of azaarenes in the combustion process is thermodynamically controlled. This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Combustion, Incineration/Pyrolysis, and Emission Control, 2006, Kyoto