循环式复合水解酸化—CASS—絮凝沉淀组合工艺处理化工园区废水

采用循环式复合水解酸化—CASS—絮凝沉淀组合工艺处理江苏省某化工园区污水厂的实际废水(COD260~815 mg/L、ρ(氨氮)19.15~40.41 mg/L、TN 22.51~50.66 mg/L、TP 0.79~3.21 mg/L),考察了污染物浓度的沿程变化,评价了各工段对主要污染物的去除效果。实验结果表明,组合工艺对废水有着较好的处理效果,平均COD、氨氮、TN、TP的去除率分别高达83.29%、95.34%、61.29%、82.70%,平均出水COD、ρ(氨氮)、TN、TP分别为56.2,1.27,14.34,0.33 mg/L,出水水质接近GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

微电解—Fenton试剂氧化—A/O工艺处理制药废水

采用微电解—Fenton试剂氧化—A/O组合工艺处理高浓度制药废水。实验结果表明:经微电解—Fenton试剂氧化工艺预处理后,COD去除率可达50%~60%,BOD5/COD提高到0.3以上;预处理后的废水与清洗废水和生活污水混合,采用生化法进一步处理,出水COD小于100 mg/L,BOD5小于20 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)小于50 mg/L,SS小于70 mg/L,满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的三级排放标准。     

New treatment of stabilized leachate by ozone/Fenton in the advanced oxidation process

Ozonation, combined with the Fenton process (O(3)/H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)), was used to treat matured landfill leachate. The effectiveness of the Fenton molar ratio, Fenton concentration, pH variance, and reaction time were evaluated under optimum operational conditions. The optimum removal values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and NH(3)-N were found to be 65%, 98%, and 12%, respectively, for 90 min of ozonation using a Fenton molar ratio of 1 at a Fenton concentration of 0.05 mol L(-1) (1700 mg/L) H(2)O(2) and 0.05 mol L(-1) (2800 mg/L) Fe(2+) at pH 7. The maximum removal of NH(3)-N was 19% at 150 min. The ozone consumption for COD removal was 0.63 kg O(3)/kg COD. To evaluate the effectiveness, the results obtained in the treatment of stabilized leachate were compared with those obtained from other treatment processes, such as ozone alone, Fenton reaction alone, as well as combined Fenton and ozone. The combined method (i.e., O(3)/H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD, color, and NH(3)-N compared with other studied applications.     

In situ nitrogen removal from leachate by bioreactor landfill with limited aeration

The feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a bioreactor landfill with limited aeration was assessed. Three column reactors, simulating bioreactor landfill operations under anaerobic condition (as reference), intermittent forced aeration and enhanced natural aeration were hence established, where aerated columns passed through two phases, i.e., fresh landfill and well-decomposed landfill. The experimental results show that limited aeration decreased nitrogen loadings of leachate distinctly in the fresh landfill. In the well-decomposed landfill, the NH(4)(+)-N of the input leachate could be nitrified completely in the aerated landfill columns. The nitrifying loadings of the column cross section reached 7.9 g N/m(2)d and 16.9 g N/m(2)d in the simulated landfill columns of intermittent forced aeration and enhanced natural aeration, respectively. The denitrification was influenced by oxygen distribution in the landfill column. Intermittent existence of oxygen in the landfill with the intermittent forced aeration was favorable to denitrify the NO(2)(-)-N and NO(3)(-)-N, indicated by the high denitrification efficiency (>99%) under the condition of BOD(5)/TN of more than 5.4 in leachate; locally persistent existence of oxygen in the landfill with enhanced natural aeration could limit the denitrification, indicated by relatively low denitrification efficiency of about 75% even when the BOD(5)/TN in leachate had an average of 7.1.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理增塑剂生产废水

以SBR为反应器，利用好氧颗粒污泥处理增塑剂生产废水。实验结果表明:通过培养驯化后，好氧颗粒污泥对该废水具有较好的处理效果;好氧颗粒污泥对增塑剂生产废水中COD的去除率为78%，出水COD为62mg/L，接近于GB18918－2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级B标准;出水中NH3-N未检出，TP为0.03mg/L，去除率分别达到100%和90%。     

制药废水硝化-反硝化除氮研究

含高浓度氮的制药废水经好氧生化处理后,虽然出水的ＣＯＤ,ＢＯＤ５均可达到行业排放标准,但ＴＮ仍高达约１７０ｍｇ／Ｌ。本研究在曝气池中设置填料,利用生物膜外层好氧,内层缺氧厌氧的条件,使硝化－反硝化脱氮在同一构筑物内进行,ＮＨ３－Ｎ和ＴＮ去除率分别可达约９０％和７０％。在本试验条件范围内,温度越高,负荷越低,硝化和反硝化作用越完全,ＮＨ３－Ｎ和ＴＮ去除率越高。     

Research on leachate recirculation from different types of landfills

Landfills can produce a great amount of leachate containing highly concentrated organic matter. This is especially true for the initial leachate from landfilled municipal solid wastes (MSW) that generally has concentrations of COD(Cr) and BOD(5) up to 80,000 and 50,000mg/L, respectively. The leachate could be disposed by means of recirculating technique, which decomposes the organics through the action of proliferating microorganisms and thereby purifies the leachate, and simultaneously accelerates organic decomposition through water saturation control. Data from experimental results indicated that leachate recirculating could reduce the organic concentration considerably, with a maximum reduction rate of COD(Cr) over 95%; and, using a semi-aerobic process, NH(3)-N concentration of treated leachate could be under 10mg/L. In addition, the organic concentration in MSW decreased greatly.     

A comparison of refuse attenuation in laboratory and field scale lysimeters

For this study, small and middle scale laboratory lysimeters, and a large scale field lysimeter in situ in Shanghai Refuse Landfill, with refuse weights of 187,600 and 10,800,000 kg, respectively, were created. These lysimeters are compared in terms of leachate quality (pH, concentrations of COD, BOD and NH3-N), refuse composition (biodegradable matter and volatile solid) and surface settlement for a monitoring period of 0-300 days. The objectives of this study were to explore both the similarities and disparities between laboratory and field scale lysimeters, and to compare degradation behaviors of refuse at the intensive reaction phase in the different scale lysimeters. Quantitative relationships of leachate quality and refuse composition with placement time show that degradation behaviors of refuse seem to depend heavily on the scales of the lysimeters and the parameters of concern, especially in the starting period of 0-6 months. However, some similarities exist between laboratory and field lysimeters after 4-6 months of placement because COD and BOD concentrations in leachate in the field lysimeter decrease regularly in a parallel pattern with those in the laboratory lysimeters. NH3-N, volatile solid (VS) and biodegradable matter (BDM) also gradually decrease in parallel in this intensive reaction phase for all scale lysimeters as refuse ages. Though the concrete data are different among the different scale lysimeters, it may be considered that laboratory lysimeters with sufficient scale are basically applicable for a rough simulation of a real landfill, especially for illustrating the degradation pattern and mechanism. Settlement of refuse surface is roughly proportional to the initial refuse height.     

二氧化氯催化氧化—曝气生物滤池法深度处理造纸废水

采用二氧化氯催化氧化法—BAF法深度处理造纸废水，实验结果表明:在二氧化氯加入量为150mg/L，催化氧化时间为40min时，可生化性BOD5/COD最高达到0.316;二氧化氯氧化后出水经曝气生物滤池深度处理后，BOD5低于20mg/L，COD低于90mg/L，TSS低于30mg/L，处理后水质完全达到国家新的排放标准(GB3544—2008)。     

Size-fractionation and characterization of landfill leachate and the improvement of Cu2+ adsorption capacity in soil and aged refuse

Leachate was collected from an anaerobic lagoon at Shanghai Laogang refuse landfill, the largest landfill in China, and the sample was separated into six fractions using micro-filtration membranes, followed by ultra-filtration membranes. Several parameters of the samples were measured, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total solids (TS), pH, total phosphate (TP), total nitrogen (TN), fixed solids (FS), NH4+, orthophosphate, color, turbidity, and conductivity. These parameters were then quantitatively correlated with the molecular weight cutoff of the membrane used. Organic matter in the dissolved fraction (MW<1kDa) predominated in the leachate, accounting for 65% of TOC. Thermal infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the filter residues. Asymmetric and symmetric stretching of methyl and methylene groups, and of functional groups containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms, were observed. In addition, the ability of two different samples to adsorb heavy metals was tested. Cu2+ was chosen as the representative heavy metal in this study, and the samples were soil; aged refuse, which had spent 8 years in a conventional sanitary landfill; and samples of soil and aged refuse treated for 48h with leachate in the ratio of 5g of sample per 50ml of leachate. Cu2+ uptake by the raw soil was approximately 4.60microg/g, while uptake by the leachate-contacted soil and leachate-contacted aged refuse were 5.66 and 5.11microg/g, respectively. These results show that the organic matter in the leachate enhanced the capacity of aqueous solutions to adsorb Cu2+.     

Comparison of semi-aerobic and anaerobic degradation of refuse with recirculation after leachate treatment by aged refuse bioreactor

Two fresh refuse bioreactors (F1 and F2) were operated under semi-aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The leachate from the bioreactors F1 and F2 was introduced into the aged refuse bioreactors (A1 and A2), and the effluent from A1 and A2 was subsequently recirculated into F1 and F2, respectively. The effect of the semi-aerobic recirculation process on refuse degradation was investigated, comparing it with that of the anaerobic recirculation process. Results indicate that the semi-aerobic recirculation process can increase the accumulated net production of leachate and promote evaporation. The accumulated net production of refuse in F1 is 320 mL/kg and that of F2 is 248 mL/kg, with leachate reduction amounting to 315 and 244 mL/kg refuse, respectively. The leachate quantity reduction of semi-aerobic and anaerobic leachate recirculation process accounted for 98.4% and 98.3% of the accumulated net production of leachate, respectively. The semi-aerobic leachate recirculation process can improve the biodegradation of organic matter from fresh refuse and the reduction rate of the pollutant concentration in leachate. This should shorten considerably the time required to meet the discharge standard and the time of stabilization of the refuse as observed in the anaerobic recirculation process. It was predicted that the COD concentration of leachate from the anaerobic recirculation process would reach 1000 mg/L in the anaerobic recirculation process after 2.2 years, as for semi-aerobic leachate recirculation process it is about 100 days. Compared with anaerobic recirculation process, the semi-aerobic recirculation process is more effective on NH₃-N transformation and TN removal. The NH₃-N and TN concentration of F1 is far below those of F2 at the end of our experiment. Refuse settlement in the semi-aerobic recirculation process was faster than that in the anaerobic recirculation process. At the end of the experiment, refuse settlement ratios in the semi-aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors were 33.5% and 18%, respectively.     

Filter-based treatment of leachate from an industrial landfill containing shredder residues of end-of-life vehicles and white goods

A pilot plant was set up to treat leachate from an industrial landfill containing shredder residues of end-of-life vehicles and white goods. The treatment plant consisted of aeration and sedimentation steps for pre-treatment, and a filter. The plant was designed to simultaneously remove various types of pollutants. The efficiencies of pre-treatment and of the main treatment step were investigated over a period of 3 years at the landfill site. By continuous aeration of the leachate the concentrations of Fe and Mn were reduced by 55% and 49%, respectively. By prolonged sedimentation suspended solid content was noticeably reduced (72%). In the filter, consisting of a mixture of peat and carbon-containing ash as a treatment medium, very high reduction of polar organic compounds, e.g. phenol (74%), o-and p-cresol (91%), and 2,4-dimethylphenol (73%), high average reduction of metals, e.g. Pb (78%), Fe (74%), Cu (73%), Mn (56%), Sn (55%), and Zn (47%), and good average reduction of DOC (26%), Tot-N (23%) and NH₄-N (46%) were achieved. Sixty non-polar compounds in the leachate, identified by GC–MS screening, occurred at trace level. Most of them were considerably reduced in the filter.     

UASB-SBR-絮凝工艺处理地沟油制生物柴油废水

采用UASB-SBR-絮凝工艺处理地沟油制生物柴油废水，考察了各个阶段的废水处理效果。实验结果表明：UASB稳定运行阶段进水COD约为15000mg/L时，COD去除率约为87%，出水COD在2500mg/L以下，出水挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度为4~6mmol/L，最佳容积负荷为15.0kg/（m3·d）；采用SBR处理UASB出水，当容积负荷为1.5kg/（m3·d）时，出水COD在200mg/L以下，COD去除率在83%以上，ρ（NH₃-N）在5mg/L以下，TP约为25mg/L。向SBR出水中加入质量分数为5%的聚合氯化铝进行化学除磷，加入量为5mL/L，处理后废水TP为4~6mg/L。处理后废水的COD，ρ（NH₃-N），TP均达到CJ343-2010《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》的A类要求。     

炼油外排废水回用试验

针对某炼油厂的废水场二沉池出水,先后采用曝气生物滤池和超滤工艺进行深度处理.试验结果表明,在曝气生物滤池中投加专性微生物菌种、曝气生物滤池HRT为2h、COD去除负荷为0.36 kg/( m3·d)、超滤膜通量为50L/(m2·h)的条件下,出水中的ρ(油)为0.8 mg/L、COD为57 mg/L、ρ(氨氮)为0.2 mg/L.出水水质达到Q/SH0104-2007《炼化企业节水减排考核指标与回用水质控制指标》,可回用于循环水的补水.     

聚硅酸氯化铝镁的制备及絮凝性能

用聚合硅酸、聚合氯化铝和硫酸镁复合制备复合絮凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝镁。SEM分析结果表明，聚硅酸氯化铝镁为交联的枝杈状聚集态。FTIR仪分析表明，聚铝离子及水解络合离子可与共存的聚硅酸聚合形成配位键。以实际废水为处理对象，比较了自制复合絮凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝镁与市售聚合氯化铝的絮凝效果。实验结果表明:在聚硅酸氯化铝镁加入量为40mg/L、废水pH为3的条件下，以自制聚硅酸氯化铝镁为絮凝剂时废水的COD、BOD5、TP、TN、浊度去除率均较高;自制复合絮凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝镁的废水处理效果均优于市售聚合氯化铝。     

某化工园区废水处理工程设计实例

采用“分质调节—混凝沉淀—厌氧水解—缺氧生物处理—好氧生物处理”工艺处理某化工园区以氟化工和精细化工废水为主的工业废水。工程运行结果表明：废水经处理后，COD=35 mg/L，TN=5.2 mg/L，ρ（NH₃-N）=3.1 mg/L，TP=0.15 mg/L；COD，TN，NH₃-N，TP的去除率分别为91.1％，67.1％，70.5％，89.3％；出水达到DB 32/T1072—2007《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》中的排放标准。工程设计规模1.0×10⁴ m³/d，工程总投资约5 000 万元，直接运行费用1.50 元/m³。每年减少COD，TN，NH₃-N，TP的排放量分别约为1 324.6，38.69，11.05，4.56 t。该工程的实施明显改善了区域水环境，为太湖流域污染的治理提供了技术支撑。     

Determination of organic compounds in landfill leachates treated by Fenton–Adsorption

The objective of this study was to identify the organic compounds removed from the leachate when treated with Fenton–Adsorption by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in order to identify toxic compounds that could be harmful for the environment or human health.The physicochemical characterization of the raw leachate was carried out before and after the Fenton–Adsorption process. The effluent from each stage of this process was characterized: pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD₅), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Carbon (TC), Inorganic Carbon (IC), Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Color. The organic compounds were determined by GC–MS.The removal of COD and color reached over 99% in compliance with the Mexican Standard NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996, which establishes the maximum permissible limits for contaminants present in wastewater discharges to water and national goods. The chromatographic analysis from the Fenton–Adsorption effluent proved that this treatment removed more than 98% of the organic compounds present in the initial sample. The mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid persisted, although it is not considered as toxic compound by the NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005. Therefore, the treated effluent can be safely disposed of into the environment.     

赖氨酸废水的处理和氨回收

对赖氨酸浓废水调 p H沉淀处理后的澄清水进行预处理 :先加入石灰乳 ,搅拌、沉淀 ,SO42 -从 2 0 0 0 0 m g/ L 左右降至 130 0 mg/ L 左右 ,去除率为 94%左右 ,然后进行空气吹脱 ,NH3- N从 5 0 0 0 mg/ L左右降至 80 m g/ L左右 ,去除率 >98%。吹脱出水经厌氧生化处理后 ,再进行空气吹脱 ,NH3- N从 70 0 mg/ L 左右降至 85 mg/ L 左右 ,去除率 >86 %。再吹脱出水与稀废水混合后进行好氧生化和 A/ O、O系统处理 ,出水的 COD<10 0 m g/ L,BOD5<2 0 mg/ L,SS<70 mg/ L,NH3- N<2 5 m g/ L。对浓废水与石灰乳混合后搅拌过程中及两次空气吹脱过程中挥发的 NH3进行回收 ,将其与 H2 SO4反应 ,生成的 (NH4) 2 SO4回用于生产     

Use of zeolitised coal fly ash for landfill leachate treatment: a pilot plant study

Treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate generally results in low percentages of nutrient removal due to the high concentration and accumulation of refractory compounds. For this reason, individual physical, chemical and biological processes have been used for the treatment of raw landfill leachate and sometimes for the mixture of domestic wastewater and landfill leachate. In this work, the possibility of treating landfill leachate was tested in a bench-scale pilot plant by a two-step method combining adsorption and coagulation-flocculation. Zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash, a by-product of coal-fired power stations, was used in this study both as a decantation aid reagent and as an adsorbent of COD and NH4-N. The coagulation-flocculation step was performed by the use of aluminium sulphate and a polyelectrolyte (ACTIPOL A-401). The leachate was collected directly from a storage unit of the organic fraction of MSW, before it was composted. For this reason the raw leachate was diluted before treatment. The sludge was recirculated to enhance the removal efficiency of nutrients as well as to optimize flocculant saving and to decrease sludge production. The results showed that it is possible to remove 43%, 53% and 82% of COD, NH4-N, and suspended solids, respectively. Therefore, this method may be an alternative for ammonium removal, as well as a suitable pre- or post-treatment step, in combination with other processes in order to meet regulatory limits.     

The use of alum, ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate as coagulants in removing suspended solids, colour and COD from semi-aerobic landfill leachate at controlled pH.

Suspended solids, colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are among the main pollutants in landfill leachate. Application of physical or biological processes alone is normally not sufficient to remove these constituents, especially for leachate with a lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/ COD ratio. The main objective of this research was to investigate the efficiency of coagulation and flocculation processes for removing suspended solids, colour and COD from leachate produced in a semi-aerobic landfill in Penang, Malaysia. A 12-month characterization study of the leachate indicated that it had a mean annual BOD/COD ratio of 0.15 and was partially stabilized, with little further biological degradation likely to occur. Particle size analysis of the raw leachate indicated that its 50th percentile (d50) was 11.68 microm. Three types of coagulants were examined in bench scale jar test studies: aluminium sulphate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4). The effects of agitation speed, settling time, pH, coagulant dosages and temperature were examined. At 300 rpm of rapid mixing, 50 rpm of slow mixing, and 60 min settling time, higher removals of suspended solids (over 95%), colour (90%) and COD (43%) were achieved at pH 4 and 12. FeCl3 was found to be superior to other coagulants tested. At pH 4 and 12, fair removal of suspended solids was observed at a reasonably low coagulant dose, i.e., 600 mg L(-1); hHowever, about 2500 mg L(-1) of coagulant was required to achieve good removals at pH 6. Better removals were achieved at higher temperature. The d50 of sludge after coagulation at pH 4 with a 2500 mg L(-1) FeCl3 dose was 60.16 microm, which indicated that the particles had been removed effectively from the leachate. The results indicate that coagulation and flocculation processes can be used effectively in integrated semi-aerobic leachate treatment systems, especially for removing suspended solids, colour and COD.