共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 32 毫秒
1.
Cellulose/polyethylene (CPE) mixture 3:1, w/w with and without three clay catalysts (K10 – montmorillonite K10, KSF – montmorillonite KSF, B – Bentonite) addition were subjected to pyrolysis at temperatures 400, 450 and 500 °C with heating rate of 100 °C/s to produce bio-oil with high yield. The pyrolytic oil yield was in the range of 41.3–79.5 wt% depending on the temperature, the type and the amount of catalyst. The non-catalytic fast pyrolysis at 500 °C gives the highest yield of bio-oil (79.5 wt%). The higher temperature of catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose/polyethylene mixture the higher yield of bio-oil is. Contrarily, increasing amount of montmorillonite results in significant, almost linear decrease in bio-oil yield followed by a significant increase of gas yield. The addition of clay catalysts to CPE mixture has a various influence on the distribution of bio-oil components. The addition of montmorillonite K10 to cellulose/polyethylene mixture promotes the deepest conversion of polyethylene and cellulose. Additionally, more saturated than unsaturated hydrocarbons are present in resultant bio-oils. The proportion of liquid hydrocarbons is the highest when a montmorillonite K10 is acting as a catalyst. 相似文献
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In this study we have investigated the possibility of processing waste rubber gloves using pyrolysis. Y-zeolite catalyst was employed to upgrade the pyrolysis products to give higher yields of valuable aromatic compounds such as toluene and xylenes. The composition of the pyrolysis products was determined using gas chromatography with linked mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatograph fitted with dual thermal conductivity detectors (GC-TCD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometry (FT-IR). It was found that when rubber gloves were pyrolysed in the absence of a catalyst, the pyrolysis oil consisted mainly of limonene and oligomers of polyisoprene. When Y-zeolite was added to the reaction system, the yields of toluene, xylene, methylbenzenes, ethylbenzenes, and naphthalenes increased dramatically. The Y-zeolite also catalysed the decomposition of limonene, which was absent from the catalytic pyrolysis products. The presence of the Y-zeolite catalyst also increased the yield of hydrocarbon gases. The tests were carried out at both 380 degrees C and 480 degrees C and it was found that the higher reaction temperature led to increased yields of all the major compounds, both in the presence and absence of the Y-zeolite catalyst. 相似文献
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Ho-Jun Song Jaehoon Lee Ankur Gaur Jong-Jin Park Jin-Won Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(4):295-301
In this study, refuse plastic fuel (RPF) was copyrolyzed with low-quality coal and was gasified in the presence of a metal
catalyst and steam. Some metal catalysts, such as Ni, NiO, and Mg, and mixtures of these with base promoters such as Al2O3 and Fe2O3 were employed in the pyrolysis and gasification processes to convert the synthesis gas into more valuable fuel gas. The operating
temperatures for the pyrolysis and gasification were between 700° and 1000°C. The experimental parameters were the operating
temperature, catalyst type, basic promoter type, and steam injection amount. Solid fuel samples (5 g) were fed into a semibatch-type
quartz tube reactor when the reactor reached the designated temperature. The synthesis gas was analyzed by gas chromatography.
The use of low-quality coal as fuel in co-pyrolysis with RPF was explored. For the co-pyrolysis of RPF and low-quality coal,
the effectiveness of the catalysts for fuel gas production followed the order Mg > NiO > Ni. In catalytic gasification of
RPF, the addition of Al2O3 seemed to reduce the activity of the corresponding catalysts Ni and Mg. The maximum fuel gas yield (92.6%) was attained when
Mg/Fe2O3 was used in steam gasification at 1000°C. 相似文献
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E.V. Antonakou K.G. Kalogiannis S.D. Stephanidis K.S. Triantafyllidis A.A. Lappas D.S. Achilias 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2487-2493
Pyrolysis appears to be a promising recycling process since it could convert the disposed polymers to hydrocarbon based fuels or various useful chemicals. In the current study, two model polymers found in WEEEs, namely polycarbonate (PC) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and their counterparts found in waste commercial Compact Discs (CDs) were pyrolysed in a bench scale reactor. Both, thermal pyrolysis and pyrolysis in the presence of two catalytic materials (basic MgO and acidic ZSM-5 zeolite) was performed for all four types of polymers. Results have shown significant recovery of the monomers and valuable chemicals (phenols in the case of PC and aromatic hydrocarbons in the case of HIPS), while catalysts seem to decrease the selectivity towards the monomers and enhance the selectivity towards other desirable compounds. 相似文献
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Dehalogenation is a key technology in the feedstock recycling of mixed halogenated waste plastics. In this study, two different methods were used to clarify the effectiveness of our proposed catalytic dehalogenation process using various carbon composites of iron oxides and calcium carbonate as the catalyst/sorbent. The first approach (a two-step process) was to develop a process for the thermal degradation of mixed halogenated waste plastics, and also develop dehalogenation catalysts for the catalytic dehydrochlorination of organic chlorine compounds from mixed plastic-derived oil containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using a fixed-bed flow-type reactor. The second approach (a single-step process) was the simultaneous degradation and dehalogenation of chlorinated (PVC) and brominated (plastic containing brominated flame retardant, HIPS–Br) mixed plastics into halogen-free liquid products. We report on a catalytic dehalogenation process for the chlorinated and brominated organic compounds formed by the pyrolysis of PVC and brominated flame retardant (HIPS–Br) mixed waste plastics [(polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS)], and also other plastics. During dehydrohalogenation, the iron- and calcium-based catalysts were transformed into their corresponding halides, which are also very active in the dehydrohalogenation of organic halogenated compounds. The halogen-free plastic-derived oil (PDO) can be used as a fuel oil or feedstock in refineries. 相似文献
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The cracking of styrene derivative polymers dissolved in decalin was conducted with metal-supported carbon catalysts under
an inert gas atmosphere to recover monosubstituted styrene or monosubstituted ethylbenzene in higher yields than is obtained
by pyrolysis, and to elucidate the detailed reaction mechanisms in the solvent. Poly-(4-methylstyrene), poly-(4-t-butylstyrene), poly-(α-methylstyrene), and polystyrene were used. In decalin without a catalyst, each polymer was decomposed
into the monomer, dimer, and trimer derived from the corresponding polymer except for poly-(α-methylstyrene), which was decomposed
into the monomer and styrene. By using metal-supported carbon, the olefinic compounds derived from the corresponding polymer
were thoroughly hydrogenated to the saturated form in a nitrogen atmosphere by a hydrogen transfer reaction from decalin,
which was simultaneously dehydrogenated to tetralin and naphthalene with the evolution of hydrogen gas. In comparison with
metal species, Pd- and Ru-supported carbon catalysts maintained the hydrogenation activity for a longer time and with a lower
evolution of hydrogen than Pt or Rh. The dehydrogenation of decalin was mainly observed not on the metal surfaces, but on
the carbon surfaces over Pd-supported carbon. Stabilization of the monomers will be able to suppress the coking which occurs
with repolymerization in long running process.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: March 16, 2001 相似文献
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Nabajit Dev Choudhury Rahul Singh Chutia Thallada Bhaskar Rupam Kataki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(3):449-459
Biowastes are becoming potential feedstocks for direct utilization or conversion to solid, liquid and gaseous fuels via various thermochemical routes. In this regard, jute dust which is a major agro-industrial waste in jute mills was pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor with an aim to study the product distribution and their characterization and to identify the optimum condition for bio-oil yield. The investigated process variables were temperature (400–700 °C), heating rate (10 and 40 °C/min) and nitrogen gas flow rate (50–250 ml/min). The yield of bio-oil is found to be maximum at 500 °C with a heating rate of 40 °C/min. However, further increase in temperature leads to decrease in bio-oil yield. Chemical compositions of the bio-oils were investigated using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, FTIR and GC–MS. The heating value of the bio-oil is 26.71 MJ/kg. The study shows that jute dust have potential for conversion to bio-oil through the process of pyrolysis to supplement the petro-derived liquid fuel for heating and transportation applications after upgrading. The biochar produced as a co-product of jute dust pyrolysis can be a potential soil amendment with multiple benefits including increased soil fertility and C-sequestration. 相似文献
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Puy N Murillo R Navarro MV López JM Rieradevall J Fowler G Aranguren I García T Bartrolí J Mastral AM 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(6):1339-1349
Pyrolysis of forestry waste has been carried out in an auger reactor to study the influence of operational variables on the reactor performance and the properties of the related products. Pine woodchips were used for the first time as raw material and fed continuously into the reactor. Ten experiments were carried out under inert atmosphere at: (i) different reaction temperature (1073, 973, 873, 823 and 773 K); (ii) different solid residence time (5, 3, 2 and 1.5 min); and (iii) different biomass flow rate (3.9, 4.8 and 6.9 kg/h). Results show that the greatest yields for liquid production (59%) and optimum product characterisation were obtained at the lowest temperature studied (773 K) and applying solid residence times longer than 2 min. Regarding bio-oil properties, GC/MS qualitative identification show that the most abundant compounds are volatile polar compounds, phenols and benzenediols; and very few differences can be observed among the samples regardless of the pyrolysis operating conditions. On the whole, experimental results demonstrate that complete reaction of forest woodchips can be achieved in an auger reactor in most of the experimental conditions tested. Moreover, this study presents the initial steps for the future scaling up of the auger reactor with the aim of converting it into a mobile plant which will be able to remotely process biomass such as energy crops, forestry and agricultural wastes to obtain bio-oil that, in turn, can be used as energy vector to avoid high transport costs. 相似文献
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Kim Eunjung Gil Hyungbae Park Sangwon Park Jinwon 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):423-431
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Slow pyrolysis is characterized by a low heating rate and high reaction time. The products are bio-char, bio-oil and bio-gas. In bio-oil, there are... 相似文献
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Lekhank Patil Anil Kumar Varma Gajendra Singh Prasenjit Mondal 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(5):1920-1929
Thermocatalytic degradation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was carried out using acid activated fire clay catalyst in a semi batch reactor. Thermal pyrolysis was performed in the temperature range of 420–500 °C. The liquid and gaseous yields were increased with increase in temperature. The liquid yield was obtained 30.1 wt% with thermal pyrolysis at temperature of 450 °C, which increased to 41.4 wt% with catalytic pyrolysis using acid activated fire clay catalyst at 10 wt% of catalyst loading. The composition of liquid products obtained by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compounds identified for catalytic pyrolysis were mainly paraffins and olefins with carbon number range of C6–C18. The boiling point was found in the range of commercial fuels (gasoline, diesel) and the calorific value was calculated to be 42 MJ/kg. 相似文献
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A. Ben Hassen-Trabelsi T. Kraiem S. Naoui H. Belayouni 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):210-218
Several animal (lamb, poultry and swine) fatty wastes were pyrolyzed under nitrogen, in a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor and the main products (liquid bio-oil, solid bio-char and syngas) were obtained. The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize bio-oil and bio-char obtained from pyrolysis of animal fatty wastes. The maximum production of bio-oil was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C and a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The chemical (GC–MS analyses) and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR analyses) of bio-oil showed that it is a complex mixture consisting of different classes of organic compounds, i.e., hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, cyclic compounds…etc.), carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters,…etc. According to fuel properties, produced bio-oils showed good properties, suitable for its use as an engine fuel or as a potential source for synthetic fuels and chemical feedstock. Obtained bio-chars had low carbon content and high ash content which make them unattractive for as renewable source energy. 相似文献
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Paper sludge is a waste product from the paper and pulp manufacturing industry that is generally disposed of in landfills. Pyrolysis of paper sludge can potentially provide an option for managing this waste by thermal conversion to higher calorific value fuels, bio-gas, bio-oils and charcoal. This work investigates the properties of paper sludge during pyrolysis and energy required to perform thermal conversion. The products of paper sludge pyrolysis were also investigated to determine their properties and potential energy value. The dominant volatile species of paper sludge pyrolysis at 10 °C/min were found to be CO and CO2, contributing to almost 25% of the paper sludge dry weight loss at 500 °C. The hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H4, C2H6) and hydrogen contributed to only 1% of the total weight loss. The bio-oils collected at 500 °C were primarily comprised of organic acids with the major contribution being linoleic acid, 2,4-decadienal acid and oleic acid. The high acidic content indicates that in order to convert the paper sludge bio-oil to bio-diesel or petrochemicals, further upgrading would be necessary. The charcoal produced at 500 °C had a calorific value of 13.3 MJ/kg. 相似文献
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将青霉素菌渣在400~700 ℃进行热解,研究了产物中热解炭、热解油及气体的产率,以及热解油的组成变化。实验结果表明:600 ℃时热解油产率最高,随着温度升高,热解炭的产率降低,气体的产率升高;热解油中含量最高的是含氧化合物,在400 ℃时质量分数达到最高值69.69%,含氧化合物的含量随着热解温度的升高而降低,酸和醇类是热解油中含量最多的含氧化合物;含氮有机化合物的质量分数随着热解温度的升高而升高,在700 ℃时达到最高值30.64%,酰胺、吡啶、吲哚、含氮杂环是主要的含氮有机化合物。 相似文献
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Catalytic pyrolysis of car tire waste using expanded perlite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kar Y 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(8):1772-1782
In this study, the non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis experiments were conducted on the sample of tire waste using expanded perlite as an additive material to determine especially the effect of temperature and catalyst-to-tire ratio on the products yields and the compositions and qualities of pyrolytic oils (NCPO and CPO). Non-catalytic studies, which were carried out under the certain conditions (a nitrogen flow of 100 mL/min and a heating rate of 10 °C/min), showed that the highest yield of pyrolytic oil (NCPO) was 60.02 wt.% at 425 °C. Then, the catalytic pyrolysis studies were carried out at catalyst-to-tire ratio range of 0.05-0.25 and the highest catalytic pyrolytic oil (CPO) yield was 65.11 wt.% at the ratio of 0.10 with the yield increase of 8.48 wt.% compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis. Lastly, the pyrolytic oils were characterized with applying a various techniques such as elemental analyses and various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques (GC-MS, 1H NMR, FT-IR, etc.). The characterization results revealed that the pyrolytic oils which were complex mixtures of C5-C15 organic compounds (predominantly aromatic compounds) and also the CPO compared to the NCPO was more similar to conventional fuels in view of the certain fuel properties. 相似文献
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Pyrolysis of polyethylene mixed with paper and wood: Interaction effects on tar, char and gas yields
In the present study the interactions between the main constituents of the refuse derived fuel (plastics, paper, and wood) during pyrolysis were studied. Binary mixtures of polyethylene-paper and polyethylene/sawdust have been transformed into pellets and pyrolyzed. Various mixtures with different composition were analyzed and pyrolysis products (tar, gas, and char) were collected. The mixtures of wood/PE and paper/PE have a different behavior. The wood/PE mixtures showed a much reduced interaction of the various compounds because the yields of pyrolysis products of the mixture can be predicted as linear combination of those of the pure components. On the contrary, a strong char yield increase was found at a low heating rate for paper/PE mixtures. In order to explain the results, the ability of wood and paper char to adsorb and convert the products of PE pyrolysis into was studied. Adsorption and desorption tests were performed on the char obtained by paper and wood by using n-hexadecane as a model compound for the heavy products of PE pyrolysis. 相似文献
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采用稀土氧化物改性NaY型分子筛(Ⅰ型催化剂),100 gⅠ型催化剂中添加0.5 g CeO2得到Ⅱ型催化剂,100 gⅠ型催化剂中添加0.5 g La2O3和0.5 g CeO2得到Ⅲ型催化剂。分别采用Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型催化剂催化热解废轮胎(粒径0.2 mm),Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型催化剂的产油起始温度和终止温度均低于Ⅰ型催化剂。在催化剂加入量为2.5 g、废轮胎加入量为100 g 的条件下,Ⅲ型催化剂催化热解反应的产油率和油气总产率均高于Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型催化剂。Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型催化剂催化热解主要产生轻组分气体,Ⅱ型催化剂C4选择性最高,Ⅲ型催化剂C3选择性最高。 相似文献