加强规划 积极开展尾矿综合利用

尾矿是我国工业三废中数量巨大的固体废弃物,其占用土地,浪费资源,污染环境,存在较大安全隐患。论述我国尾矿的基本现状及治理的必要性,提出尾矿综合利用的目标及保障措施,指出提高尾矿的综合利用率对于推动我国工业的发展具有重大意义。     

生态集成技术--生态工业中低化学势物质的资源化

循环经济和生态工业是解决当前资源、环境与经济可持续发展的有效途径.从工业生态的角度,论述了工业技术与生态环境的关系及作用;提出了生态集成技术是生态工业产业链得以延伸和使物质在不同产业链间循环的关键的观点,指出生态集成技术在构建生态链网中的重要性;并介绍了一种过程工程中典型的低化学势物质转化的生态集成技术,提供了改变现行过程工业中资源利用方式的思路.     

为涂料行业“八五”期间基本解决三废污染而奋斗

涂料行业是化学工业不可缺少的行业之一,但也是产生污染比较严重的行业。为了在“八五”期间实现摘掉化工污染大户帽子的奋斗目标,涂料行业要与其他化工行业一样,必须高度重视新老污染源的防治,切实加强环境管理和监督,加快“三废”治理步伐和实现“三废”资源化。《化工环保》本期特开辟专栏,发表化工部环境保护办公室撰写的《涂料行业在“八五”期间如何基本解决“三废”污染》的文章,同时有选择地刊登了十几篇有关“三废”治理及综合利用方面具有较好环境效益与经济效益的切实可行的技术文章,供各涂料厂参考,以推动涂料行业环保工作的进展。     

“三废”综合利用成效显著

1.概述齐鲁石化公司是一个大型现代化石油化工企业,其工业废气、废水、废渣的排放量很大,为此,该公司在积极治理污染,使之达到国家排放标准的基础上,积极开展综合利用,变“三废”为资源,取得了巨大的经济效益和环境效果。1986年全公司综合利用产值达1875万元,今年第一季度为494万元。     

中国-西德环保技术研讨会于10月19日-23日在北京举行

国家环保局与西德机械制造协会于10月19—23日在北京联合举行环境技术研讨会,国家环保局局长曲格平和西德机械制造协会主席拉瑞姆共同主持了会议。中德两国300多名专家、学者就工业“三废”以及城市垃圾、有毒废物污泥等的处理和综合利用技术进行了广泛的交流。会议期间同时举办了联邦德国环保技     

农药工业三废处理技术的现状与进展

文中按物化处理、化学处理、生化处理三方面,分别论述了农药工业三废处理技术的现状与发展情况,并介绍了一些新的农药废水处理先进技术。     

《化工环保》主要栏目介绍

《化工环保》是以报导国内外化学工业环境保护科学技术发展和工业应用为主的专业性科技情报刊物。它的主要报导内容为:1.国内化工“三废”治理、分析检测、排放控制指标制订等方面的科研新成果新技术。2.结合国内化工环保发展需要,介绍国外化工“三废”处理技术水平和发展方向。对     

内蒙古工业实现节能减排的对策研究

以资源、能源为依托的工业结构和粗放的增长方式是内蒙古工业的主要特点,也是实现节能减排目标的瓶颈.通过淘汰落后生产能力、加快接续产业发展、推动资源型产业发展高端和集成产品、促进节能减排技术的研发和应用、发展循环经济以及建立配套的政策、法规体系,力促内蒙古工业实现节能减排目标,走出一条资源节约与环境友好的新型发展道路.     

酶用于环境保护

文章综述了酶在“三废”治理、环境净化、废品变资源几个方面的研究情况及发展方向,并介绍了酶分析法在环境保护中的应用.     

工业固体废物在絮凝剂制备上的应用及问题探讨

介绍了工业固体废物在制备无机高分子絮凝剂上的应用,尤其对它们在制备聚硅酸类絮凝剂上的应用做了较为详细的说明,并对存在的问题进行了探讨.     

Healthcare waste management in the capital city of Mongolia

Inconsistencies are present in the management options for healthcare wastes in Mongolia. One of the first critical steps in the process of developing a reliable waste management plan requires the performance of a waste characterization analysis. The objectives of this study were an assessment of the current situation of healthcare waste management (HCWM) and characterization of healthcare wastes generated in Ulaanbaatar. A total about 2.65 tonnes of healthcare wastes are produced each day in Ulaanbaatar (0.78 tons of medical wastes and 1.87 tons of general wastes). The medical waste generation rate per kg/patient-day in the inpatient services of public healthcare facilities was 1.4-3.0 times higher than in the outpatient services (P<0.01). The waste generation rate in the healthcare facilities of Ulaanbaatar was lower than in some other countries; however, the percentage of medical wastes in the total waste stream was comparatively high, ranging from 12.5% to 69.3%, which indicated poor waste handling practices. Despite the efforts for the management of wastes, the current system of healthcare waste management in Ulaanbaatar city of Mongolia is under development and is in dire need of immediate attention and improvement. It is essential to develop a national policy and implement a comprehensive action plan for HCWM providing environmentally sound technological measures to improve HCWM in Mongolia.     

深圳市环境污染与经济增长关系的实证研究

采用深圳市1996—2009年的统计数据,分析了环境污染与经济增长之间的关系及其影响因素。结果表明,可吸入颗粒物浓度、工业废水排放量、工业废气排放量和工业固体废弃物产生量与人均GDP的拟合曲线呈现典型环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)特征,至2007年,这4个环境指标已经全部跨越拐点,目前处于EKC的右侧。同时,运用灰色关联法分析经济发展、社会发展、环境管理的变化趋势,探讨了深圳EKC的演变主要是由GDP增长、环保投资、职工年平均工资和技术进步等因子驱动的。     

The Teshima Island industrial waste case and its process towards resolution

 The worst case of illegal dumping of industrial waste in Japan occurred on Teshima Island. The disputes concerning the removal and treatment of waste material were completely resolved. An outline of the process of arbitration and the terms of the agreement are given. A technological examination committee was organized to resolve the problem of environmental pollution caused by industrial wastes. An impermeable wall has been constructed on the north coast of the disposal area to prevent polluted water from flowing out to sea. A total of 600 000 tons of industrial waste will be excavated and moved to Naoshima Island. This material will be melted down and transformed into slag at a new melting furnace in Naoshima, with a capacity of 200 tons per day. The slag will be reused as aggregate in concrete. Comprehensive environmental preservation measures and full environmental monitoring of sewage and emission gas are planned in Teshima and Naoshima. Received: June 10, 2002 / Accepted: June 10, 2002     

宁东能源化工基地工业固体废物综合利用现状分析、预测及建议

宁东能源化工基地目前以及将来都是宁夏回族自治区工业固体废物主要产生源，因此做好宁东能源基地工业固体废物污染防治工作就相当于解决了宁夏地区大部分工业固体废物问题。通过对基地在工业固体废物方面存在的问题进行剖析，提出宁东能源化工基地固体废物污染防治对策，旨在为减少宁东基地工业固体废物的产生量，提高工业固体废物的综合利用率。做好工业固体废物贮存、处置工作，提供科学指导，保证基地的高水平建设，为可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Phosphogypsum Waste Used as Reinforcing Fillers in Polypropylene Based Composites: Structural,Mechanical and Thermal Properties

The industrial production of wet phosphoric acid in Morocco led to controversial stockpiling of waste phosphogypsum by-products resulting in the release of significant amounts of toxic impurities in salt marshes. In the framework of fighting against global climate change and efforts to reduce toxic industrial wastes (phosphate industry), this work presents a new polymer composite based on phosphogypsum (PhG) and polypropylene (PP).The compounds were produced by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. The morphological results show that good affinity between PhG and PP led to good particle dispersion/distribution in the polymer matrix. Thermal characterizations showed that PhG particles improved the thermal stability of PP with a 50 °C increase at 40 wt%. The optimum tensile modulus was also obtained at 40 wt% with a 74 % increase over neat PP. Dynamical mechanical analysis showed that PhG addition can improve the viscoelastic properties of PP for potential applications under dynamic stress. Overall, it can be concluded that PhG is potential reinforcing filler for the production of PP composites and represents a promising avenue for the valorization of this waste as a new raw material while resolving some environmental issues.     

The influence of temperature and SiC content on the recycling of iron ore tailings for the preparation of value-added foam ceramics

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Iron ore tailings (IOT) are common wastes in industrial iron processes, which are harmful to the environmental and industrial development....     

Accelerated carbonation treatment of industrial wastes

The disposal of industrial waste presents major logistical, financial and environmental issues. Technologies that can reduce the hazardous properties of wastes are urgently required. In the present work, a number of industrial wastes arising from the cement, metallurgical, paper, waste disposal and energy industries were treated with accelerated carbonation. In this process carbonation was effected by exposing the waste to pure carbon dioxide gas. The paper and cement wastes chemically combined with up to 25% by weight of gas. The reactivity of the wastes to carbon dioxide was controlled by their constituent minerals, and not by their elemental composition, as previously postulated. Similarly, microstructural alteration upon carbonation was primarily influenced by mineralogy. Many of the thermal wastes tested were classified as hazardous, based upon regulated metal content and pH. Treatment by accelerated carbonation reduced the leaching of certain metals, aiding the disposal of many as stable non-reactive wastes. Significant volumes of carbon dioxide were sequestrated into the accelerated carbonated treated wastes.     

Study of Asian Dust Phenomena in 2001–2003 Using A Network of Continuously Operated Polarization Lidars

We have conducted dust observations at a number of locations including Beijing, Hefei, Suwon, Fukue, Nagasaki, Tsukuba, and Sapporo using automated two-wavelength polarization lidars o study Asian dust phenomena, including generation, transport, and change during transport. We developed a method using the depolarization ratio for estimating the contributions of Asian dust and spherical air-pollution aerosols in observed aerosol mixtures. We analyzed the dust profiles statistically to derive climatological characteristics and year-on-year variations. We also studied dust source and transport path for each dust event using the regional chemical transport model CFORS. The statistical analysis clearly demonstrated the year-on-year variation of dust phenomena and the characteristics depending on the locations of the observational sites. Most major dust events in 2001 and 2002 originated in Inner Mongolia and/or Mongolia at the southern edge of a low-pressure area located in Siberia and were transported by strong westerlies. In 2003, the typical meteorological pattern for heavy dust cases accompanying a strong low in Siberia was not seen, except for one case in April. Furthermore, the lidar observation in Beijing suggests that less dust was generated in the source regions in Inner Mongolia and/or Mongolia, probably due to higher precipitation in 2003.     

Beyond the material grave: Life Cycle Impact Assessment of leaching from secondary materials in road and earth constructions

In industrialized countries, large amounts of mineral wastes are produced. They are re-used in various ways, particularly in road and earth constructions, substituting primary resources such as gravel. However, they may also contain pollutants, such as heavy metals, which may be leached to the groundwater. The toxic impacts of these emissions are so far often neglected within Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of products or waste treatment services and thus, potentially large environmental impacts are currently missed. This study aims at closing this gap by assessing the ecotoxic impacts of heavy metal leaching from industrial mineral wastes in road and earth constructions. The flows of metals such as Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, V and Zn originating from three typical constructions to the environment are quantified, their fate in the environment is assessed and potential ecotoxic effects evaluated. For our reference country, Germany, the industrial wastes that are applied as Granular Secondary Construction Material (GSCM) carry more than 45,000 t of diverse heavy metals per year. Depending on the material quality and construction type applied, up to 150 t of heavy metals may leach to the environment within the first 100 years after construction. Heavy metal retardation in subsoil can potentially reduce the fate to groundwater by up to 100%. One major challenge of integrating leaching from constructions into macro-scale LCA frameworks is the high variability in micro-scale technical and geographical factors, such as material qualities, construction types and soil types. In our work, we consider a broad range of parameter values in the modeling of leaching and fate. This allows distinguishing between the impacts of various road constructions, as well as sites with different soil properties. The findings of this study promote the quantitative consideration of environmental impacts of long-term leaching in Life Cycle Assessment, complementing site-specific risk assessment, for the design of waste management strategies, particularly in the construction sector.     

Climatology and Trends of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Sandstorms in Inner Mongolia

The temporal and spatial distribution of sandstorms have been investigated statistically for a period of 40 years (1961–2000),using data from 118 observatories in Inner Mongolia, P.R. of China. In terms of climate variations, the effects of changes in climate(affecting parameters such as precipitation, temperature, ENSO activities, etc.), ecological systems and human behavior on the space-time distribution of sandstorms have been studied. It is shown that in Inner Mongolia nearly all sandstorms occurred inthe central-western region during 1961–2000. Their frequency decreased from the 1960s to the 1990s. The mean annual variationshows that spring is the main sandstorm season, especially April. In view of connection with climate variations, dry and cold periods correspond with a high frequency of sandstorms,wet and warm periods with a low frequency. With respect to thespatial distribution, sandstorms hit preferably dry and warm regions. There are some relations between ENSO activities andthe sandstorm frequency. The sandstorm rate was relatively higher in most of the El Niño years, and in most of the La Niña years the rate was relatively lower.