按照循环经济发展理念建设宁东能源化工基地

宁东能源化工基地被列为国家13个规划建设的特大型煤炭基地之一,是全国能源基地的重要组成部分.介绍了宁东能源化工基地开发总体规划的基本情况,提出规化建设过程中存在的问题,并针对这些问题,提出具体的改进建议.     

银川警方整治废品收购行业

为进一步规范宁东辖区废旧金属回收业、废品收购业经营行为,银川市宁东公安分局将对辖区废旧金属收购行业实行"阳光作业",要求所有有证收购站必须安装监控设施全天监控,交易需实名登记,以严厉打击行业中各种违法犯罪活动。据宁东公安分局局长李晓天介绍,宁东能源化工基地总     

2020年城市固体废物污染环境防治年报发布

为增强社会各界对固体废物污染防治工作的认识和理解,生态环境部自2014年起,每年发布全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报。近日,生态环境部发布《2020年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报》(以下简称《年报》),向社会公开2019年全国固体废物污染防治工作的相关情况。《年报》主要依据2019年生态环境统计重点调查企业数据及196个大、中城市已经发布的固体废物污染防治信息汇总编制而成,分为全国大、中城市固体废物信息发布情况,全国固体废物污染防治相关工作进展情况,以及地方固体废物污染防治工作实践3个部分,较为系统地介绍了当前我国固体废物污染防治的相关情况。     

关于推荐固体废物处理处置领域、环境噪声与振动控制领域国家先进污染防治技术的通知

正环办科技函[2017]258号各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护厅(局),各直属单位,各国家环境保护工程技术中心、全国性行业组织及有关单位:为贯彻《环境保护法》《固体废物污染环境防治法》和《环境噪声污染防治法》,推动相关领域污染防治技术进步,满足污染治理对先进技术的需求,我部决定征集、筛选先进技术并编制《国家先进污染防治技术目录(固体废物处理处置领域)》和《国家先进污染防治技术目录(环境噪声与振动控制领域)》,为各地污染防治工作提供技术参考。为做好目录编制工作,请针对以下重点领域,对照推荐要求认真组织本地区先进技术的推荐工作。     

全国工业固体废物综合利用基地建设试点工作会在金昌召开

为深入推进工业固体废物综合利用基地建设试点工作，总结试点工作经验，研究讨论工业固废资源综合利用工作思路，2014年11月27—28日，工业和信息化部节能与综合利用司在甘肃省金昌市组织召开全国工业固体废物综合利用基地建设试点工作会。有关省市工业和信息化主管部门负责同志，工业固体废物综合利用基地建设试点所在地工业和信息化主管部门负责同志，有关协会、企业代表及专家参加会议。     

煤基能源化工基地生态工业园区建设指标体系的建立

建立了煤基能源化工基地生态工业园区建设的指标体系，包括准入指标、行业生态化发展指标和园区生态效率指标，并对煤基能源化工基地生态化建设的方向提出了政策建议（基本原则：提高准入、总量控制、清洁生产、坚持“3R”原则），为国家对生态工业示范园区的建设开展分类指导提供决策参考。指标体系的合理性和实用性有待进一步论证和优化。     

2014年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报(节选)

环境保护部日前发布了《2014年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报》(以下简称《年报》),这是环境保护部首次向社会发布全国固体废物污染防治工作的相关情况。《年报》主要依据2013年中国环境统计年报及全国261个大中城市已经发布的固体废物污染防治信息汇总编制而成,分为全国大中城市固体废物信息发布情况、全国固体废物污染防治重点工作进展情况和能力建设情况3个部分,较为系统地介绍了当前我国固体废物污染防治的相关情况。本刊重点对第二部分全国固体废物污染防治重点工作进展情况进行介绍,供读者学习参考。     

宁东能源化工基地核心区表层土壤酚类污染物的污染评价、空间分布及来源解析

采集了宁东能源化工基地核心区的146个表层土壤样品,检测了6种优控酚类污染物。运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和致癌风险指数评价了酚类污染物的污染程度及健康风险。借助主成分分析和绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归受体模型,结合地统计学方法,对酚类污染物的空间分布及来源进行了分析。结果显示：2,4-二氯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚处于清洁水平,五氯酚在部分区域为重度污染;苯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚为可接受风险,五氯酚在部分区域为不可接受风险;苯酚、4-硝基酚、间-甲酚和2,4-二氯酚的来源以交通源为主,2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的来源以工业活动源为主。     

吉林省工业固体废物环境管理现状与循环利用

吉林省2007年工业固体废物总量为1.73亿t,工业固体废物贮存总量为14 850.41万t,占全省工业固体废物总量的85.71%。吉林地区工业固体废产生量最高,为964.51万t。全省工业固体废物综合处理指数为14.20,工业固体废物处理量很低。长春地区工业固体废物综合处理指数最高,为71.19。建立以长春和吉林地区为核心的工业固体废物循环利用和处置中心,加强工业固体废物的循环利用,不仅能增加社会、经济效益,而且从根本上有效地防止工业固体废物对环境的污染。     

关于开展工业固体废物排污许可管理工作的通知

为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》和《排污许可管理条例》(以下简称《许可条例》),依法实施工业固体废物排污许可制度,现将有关事项通知如下. 一、总体要求 (一)工作目标 依法逐步将产生工业固体废物单位(以下简称产废单位)的工业固体废物(以下简称工业固废)环境管理要求纳入其排污许可证.     

包装垃圾的分类与回收利用

包装垃圾是由废弃的包装物产生的固体垃圾,约占我国城市生活垃圾的1/3,虽然政府进行了必要回收,但仍有1/3以上的塑料、玻璃等包装物没能被有效回收利用,成了填埋场的主要填埋物,造成了环境污染和土地、石油等不可再生资源大量浪费。从回收利用和源头减量两方面提出包装垃圾的应对,一是对包装垃圾按来源、成分等进行详细分类,并建议回收处置方法;二是从制定行业政策方面来减少过度包装和扶持再生资源行业健康发展,有效处置包装垃圾等可再生资源。     

Developing a master plan for hospital solid waste management: a case study

Disposal of about 1750tons of solid wastes per day is the result of a rapid population growth in the province of Khuzestan in the south west of Iran. Most of these wastes, especially hospital solid wastes which have contributed to the pollution of the environment in the study area, are not properly managed considering environmental standards and regulations. In this paper, the framework of a master plan for managing hospital solid wastes is proposed considering different criteria which are usually used for evaluating the pollution of hospital solid waste loads. The effectiveness of the management schemes is also evaluated. In order to rank the hospitals and determine the share of each hospital in the total hospital solid waste pollution load, a multiple criteria decision making technique, namely analytical hierarchy process (AHP), is used. A set of projects are proposed for solid waste pollution control and reduction in the proposed framework. It is partially applied for hospital solid waste management in the province of Khuzestan, Iran. The results have shown that the hospitals located near the capital city of the province, Ahvaz, produce more than 43% of the total hospital solid waste pollution load of the province. The results have also shown the importance of improving management techniques rather than building new facilities. The proposed methodology is used to formulate a master plan for hospital solid waste management.     

Superfund site remediation by landfilling—overview of landfill design,operation, closure,and postclosure issues

This article discusses the appropriateness of using landfills as part of remediating hazardous chemical and Superfund sites, with particular emphasis on providing for true long‐term public health and environmental protection from the wastes and contaminated soils that are placed in the landfills. On‐site landfilling or capping of existing wastes is typically the least expensive approach for gaining some remediation of existing hazardous chemical/Superfund sites. The issues of the deficiencies in US EPA and state landfilling approaches discussed herein are also applicable to the landfilling of municipal and industrial solid “nonhazardous” wastes. These deficiencies were presented in part as “Problems with Landfills for Superfund Site Remediation” at the US EPA National Superfund Technical Assistance Grant Workshop held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in February 2003. They are based on the author's experience in investigating the properties of landfill liners and the characteristics of today's landfills, relative to their ability to prevent groundwater pollution and to cause other environmental impacts. Discussed are issues related to both solid and hazardous waste landfills and approaches for improving the ability of landfills to contain wastes and monitor for leachate escape from the landfill for as long as the wastes in the landfill will be a threat. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

金属冶炼进口物料的固体废物鉴别方法

建立了金属冶炼进口物料的固体废物鉴别方法,并利用该方法对海关查扣的3种金属冶炼进口物料进行了固体废物鉴别。鉴别结果显示:物料1、2和3的自然属性分别为砷含量超标铜精矿、锰阳极泥、回转窑氧化锌,产生来源分别为有害物质超标的产品、污染控制设施产生的物质、有意识加工的目标产物;物料1和2属于我国禁止进口的固体废物,物料3不属于固体废物。本文建立的固体废物鉴别方法可行,可为金属冶炼进口物料的固体废物鉴别和监管提供参考。     

Assessment and analysis of industrial liquid waste and sludge disposal at unlined landfill sites in arid climate

Municipal solid waste disposal sites in arid countries such as Kuwait receive various types of waste materials like sewage sludge, chemical waste and other debris. Large amounts of leachate are expected to be generated due to the improper disposal of industrial wastewater, sewage sludge and chemical wastes with municipal solid waste at landfill sites even though the rainwater is scarce. Almost 95% of all solid waste generated in Kuwait during the last 10 years was dumped in five unlined landfills. The sites accepting liquid waste consist of old sand quarries that do not follow any specific engineering guidelines. With the current practice, contamination of the ground water table is possible due to the close location of the water table beneath the bottom of the waste disposal sites. This study determined the percentage of industrial liquid waste and sludge of the total waste dumped at the landfill sites, analyzed the chemical characteristics of liquid waste stream and contaminated water at disposal sites, and finally evaluated the possible risk posed by the continuous dumping of such wastes at the unlined landfills. Statistical analysis has been performed on the disposal and characterization of industrial wastewater and sludge at five active landfill sites. The chemical analysis shows that all the industrial wastes and sludge have high concentrations of COD, suspended solids, and heavy metals. Results show that from 1993 to 2000, 5.14+/-1.13 million t of total wastes were disposed per year in all active landfill sites in Kuwait. The share of industrial liquid and sludge waste was 1.85+/-0.19 million t representing 37.22+/-6.85% of total waste disposed in all landfill sites. Such wastes contribute to landfill leachate which pollutes groundwater and may enter the food chain causing adverse health effects. Lined evaporation ponds are suggested as an economical and safe solution for industrial wastewater and sludge disposal in the arid climate of Kuwait.     

有机固体废物生物法制氢的研究进展

综述了利用有机固体废物生物法制氢的原理和研究现状。城市有机固体废物、农业有机废物、工业有机废物是生物法制氢的主要原料。暗发酵制氢是利用有机废物厌氧消化的产酸阶段而产氢，pH、温度、水力停留时间、氢气分压、原料性质、微量元素含量、产甲烷微生物抑制剂等均影响氢气产率。光发酵制氢是利用光合厌氧细菌将挥发性有机酸转化为氢气和二氧化碳。暗发酵和光发酵制氢时，生物固定化有利于高速连续产氢。在有机废物处理和生物法制氢方面，暗发酵一光发酵、暗发酵一微生物燃料电池的组合工艺是具有前景的技术。今后的研究方向是原料的预处理技术、选育高效产氢菌株、发明高效反应器、优化处理工艺和处理条件等。     

Enrichment of elements in industrial waste incineration bottom ashes obtained from three different types of incinerators,as studied by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

The elemental composition of the industrial waste incineration bottom ash (IWIBA) samples collected from three different types of incinerator with different kinds of wastes were compared. The major-to-ultratrace elements in the IWIBA samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As a result, ca. 40 elements in the concentration range from milligrams per gram to submicrograms per gram could be determined with relative standard deviations of less than 5%. The IWIBA sample from petrochemical wastes contained lower concentrations of the elements, because fewer mineral constituents were contained in the input waste materials. On the contrary, the elemental concentrations in the IWIBA sample from industrial solid wastes provided the highest values for most elements, while the elemental compositions of the IWIBA sample from food wastes were similar to those of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. In addition, it was found from the analytical results that the levels of various heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Zr, Mo, Sb, Ba, and Pb were higher in the IWIBA samples than in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. The enrichment factors of the elements in the IWIBA samples were estimated from the analytical results to compare the elemental distributions in incineration bottom ashes in relation to their mining influence factors, which are the indices for human use of the elements.     

Industrial solid waste management through the application of multi-criteria decision-making analysis: a case study of Shamsabad industrial complexes

Industrial towns, as major bases of small and medium production centers, have played a major role in the industrial development of several countries. These towns have paved a way for the prosperity of economic plans and have been able to meet up with the production perspectives of investors, thereby providing the necessary fundamental services. In this regard, paying attention to proper management of waste production is quite important both in the preservation of the environment from industrial pollution and reduction of probable risks threatening the employees of industrial units located in the towns. Therefore, the present research determined the stream of the industrial waste production in Shamsabad Industrial Town, by designing four appropriate disposal scenarios according to the quality of the produced wastes, and assesses them technically, economically and environmentally using two methods of analysis: analytic hierarchical process and analytic network process. The fourth scenario, which consisted of landfilling, incineration and recycling, was ultimately selected as the best disposal scenario. Indeed, the main objective of current paper is to develop a model which could be implemented in other industrial towns, to proper management of generated wastes.     

The current situation of solid waste generation and its environmental contamination in China

In China, controlling environmental pollution resulting from solid waste (SW) and hazardous waste (HW) has become one of the most pressing tasks in the field of environmental engineering. It is reported that the annual generation of industrial solid waste (ISW) in China exceeded 0.6 billion tons in the 1990s, and is increasing every year. Although ISW management has been strengthened in recent years, about 40% of SW is put in uncontrolled landfill without appropriate treatment. According to statistics from the national Environmental Protection Agency, the cumulative ISW uncontrolled landfill in China had reached 6.6 billion tons by the end of 1995, occupying around 55 000 hectares of land. Although some major uncontrolled landfills were constructed, nonetheless groundwater contamination resulted from the use of low-standard liners and poor management. Furthermore, about 20 million tons of ISW was discharged into the environment illegally, and a third of this waste was discharged directly into water bodies, making ISW one of the greatest pollution sources for surface water and ground water. Environmental pollution accidents resulting from SW occur about 100 times a year in China, and environmental issues frequently arise because of ISW pollution. The practices of SW management, treatment, and disposal started relatively late in China, and for a long time the management of SW pollution has received little attention compared with water and air pollution management. China faces problems such as the insufficiency of management laws and regulations, insufficient investment, inadequate treatment and disposal technology, and a lack of qualified technicians. At present, most treatment and disposal technology cannot meet the requests for solid waste pollution control. In order to protect, restore, and improve environmental quality in China and to realize sustainable development, the safe management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes is a pressing challenge. In recent years, much attention has been paid to SW management in China, and investment to develop management and treatment technologies has increased. In 1995, the Law for Solid Waste Pollution Protection was issued, and work on solid waste treatment and disposal began to be legally managed. SW treatment and disposal facilities have been constructed, and now operate in some large and medium-sized cities. In particular, rapid improvements have been seen in ISW recycling, collection, and disposal of municipal solid waste and regional HW management. All the figures in this paper are from 1995, and represent the situation in China in that year. Received: April 18, 2000 / Accepted: May 15, 2000