石化企业VOCs无组织排放源强的反演模拟

针对石化行业面源无组织排放VOCs难以准确定量的问题,建立了基于开路式傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(OP-FTIR)的面源污染源源强反演模型,并进行了现场模拟试验。试验结果表明,风向、风速、大气稳定度、监测距离、数据处理周期等都是影响反演模型准确性的重要灵敏度参数。以反演源强Q_P与实际排放量Q的比值(Q_P/Q)为量化指标,对各影响因素进行优化处理,确定了构建反演模型适用的边界条件。当各灵敏度参数稳定于适用边界条件之内时,Q_P/Q为0.85~0.90。     

吴淞工业区大气颗粒物中金属元素分布特征与富集规律

利用富集因子判断和评价上海吴淞地区大气总悬浮颗粒物金属元素的来源与分布。该地区来自工业污染源和汽车尾气排放Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃａ和Ｍｎ等污染元素的富集程度较高，总悬浮颗粒物主要来源按其贡献的排序为：大气污染〉土壤源〉海盐源。     

谈谈汞法烧碱生产中汞害治理问题

汞是化工、医药、仪表、电器等工业中不可缺少的重要物资,又是严重污染环境,危害人民健康的物质。党中央、国务院都非常重视汞害治理,把它放在汞、酚、氰、铬、镉五项重点治理的首位。近几年来,化工系统的汞害治理做了不少工作,如:查清污染源、制定规划、组织科研攻关会战、工艺改革及新技术推广工作等。但目前汞污染问题仍相当严重,还需要做很多工作。     

石化高架火炬污染源的大气环境影响评价要点

针对石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中存在的难点与问题，结合现行有关技术导则、工程规范和环境影响评价实践，提出了高架火炬大气环境影响评价的工作内容和评价原则，并对技术难点给出了解决方案，结合案例从环境影响和预测评价、环保措施、平面布置合理性等方面探讨了石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中的要点。     

废水废气及噪声等工业污染源评价

借鉴国内外化工行业工业污染源评价的经验,衡阳橡胶厂进行了废水、废气、噪声等污染源排放规律及污染情况的监测和衡算,对调查所得的数据进行了等标处理,并作了污染源评价,筛选出该厂调查区域内的主要污染源、主要污染物以及各污染源的主要污染物。     

钙镁磷肥厂氟污染源的分析

据1979年统计,全国钙镁磷肥厂在加工磷矿时,逸入大气的氟每年约1.28万吨。从废水排入江河的氟,每年约1400吨。长年累月将大量氟排入环境,已给农业、畜牧业、人类造成不同程度的危害。本文拟通过对钙镁磷肥厂氟污染源的测定     

氮氧化物废气的生化处理技术

含氮氧化物(NOx)废气是主要的大气污染源之一,对自然环境和人类健康危害极大,世界各国对其排放均有严格要求.论述了当前国内外生化法处理NOx废气的基本原理及研究现状.     

生化型污染源定量分析模型及其应用

通过对土霉素生产系统物质流的定量化研究,建立了生化型污染源定量分析程序、方法和数学模型,从而比较满意地解决了对该类型污染源的物质流进行定量分析的问题;通过实例充分揭示了对工业污染源进行定量分析的必要性和其在生产领域和环境保护领域中的应用价值。     

一种制订工业污染源控制规划的方法——加权综合评价法

本文从方法上介绍了如何对企业污染源控制项目进行综合评价和规划。并通过实例对此方法作了进一步的说明和论证,证明此规划方法简便可行,结果合理可信。同时文章最后也指出了此方法的不足之处。     

山东省第二次全国污染源普查数据审核工作分析与研讨

全国污染源普查是重大的国情调查,是理清污染源与环境质量的关系、加强污染源监管、改善环境质量、防控环境风险、服务环境与发展综合决策的重要依据。数据质量是污染源普查工作的生命,数据审核是数据质量控制的重要环节。总结了山东省第二次全国污染源普查数据审核的经验做法,为第三次全国污染源普查或其他类环境调查工作提供借鉴案例。     

我国现代煤化工项目废水处理的误区和建议

介绍了我国现代煤化工项目的废水来源及特性,归纳了废水的处理技术路线,从废水"零排放"、废水处理技术与管理、蒸发塘的污染转移、废水处理与固体废物处理及废气处理的关系、污染物源头控制等方面阐述了我国当前煤化工废水处理存在的误区和建议。     

Quantifying Diffuse Pollution Sources and Loads for Environmental Quality Standards in Urban Catchments

The paper explores the application of a unit area loading (UAL) approach to address the requirements of the US Clean Water Act (CWA) and the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) for the identification and quantification of diffuse urban pollution sources. The UAL approach defines the spatial distribution of pollutant loadings within an urban catchment as a basis for the assessment of in-stream hazards and the implementation of source control BMP measures. Calculated annual outflow concentrations for a specific catchment for two pollutants, zinc and hydrocarbons, illustrate the different levels of dilution/control, which can be required to achieve receiving water quality standards and objectives. Methodological issues relating to traditional volume-concentration probabilistic modelling on which the UAL approach is based are discussed, and the application of the UAL approach to non-point diffuse pollution load management is reviewed.     

宁东能源化工基地核心区表层土壤酚类污染物的污染评价、空间分布及来源解析

采集了宁东能源化工基地核心区的146个表层土壤样品,检测了6种优控酚类污染物。运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和致癌风险指数评价了酚类污染物的污染程度及健康风险。借助主成分分析和绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归受体模型,结合地统计学方法,对酚类污染物的空间分布及来源进行了分析。结果显示：2,4-二氯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚处于清洁水平,五氯酚在部分区域为重度污染;苯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚为可接受风险,五氯酚在部分区域为不可接受风险;苯酚、4-硝基酚、间-甲酚和2,4-二氯酚的来源以交通源为主,2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的来源以工业活动源为主。     

#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置大气污染源分析及治理

石化企业的酸性水汽提装置、酸性干气脱硫装置和硫磺回收装置统称为#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置。对#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置所采用的工艺流程进行详细分析，得出#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置的有组织排放大气污染物主要为SO₂和NO_x，无组织排放大气污染物主要为H₂S、NH₃、有机硫化物和烃类。无组织排放源集中在各单元反应器、储罐和酸性气管线。针对无组织排放源，从防止逸散和恶臭治理两个方面提出了相应的污染防治措施，并比较了溶剂吸收法、燃烧法、湿法化学吸收法等目前常用的恶臭治理技术的优缺点。     

Chemical hazards associated with treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment

This review paper summarizes the existing knowledge on the chemical hazards associated with recycling and other end-of-life treatment options of waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste). The hazards arise from the presence of heavy metals (e.g., mercury, cadmium, lead, etc.), flame retardants (e.g., pentabromophenol, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), etc.) and other potentially harmful substances in e-waste. If improperly managed, the substances may pose significant human and environmental health risks. The review describes the potentially hazardous content of e-waste, examines the existing e-waste management practices and presents scientific data on human exposure to chemicals, workplace and environmental pollution associated with the three major e-waste management options, i.e., recycling, incineration and landfilling. The existing e-waste management practices and associated hazards are reviewed separately for developed and developing countries. Finally, based on this review, the paper identifies gaps in the existing knowledge and makes some recommendations for future research.     

基于“情景-应对”模式的危险化学品泄漏应急决策系统的构建

危险化学品泄漏事故严重威胁到社会和环境安全。危化品泄漏事故发生后,快速找到泄漏源并及时采取应对措施是面临的主要任务。构建了基于一般风场的危化品泄漏事故情景库,利用Coyote实验验证了情景库在危化品泄漏事故中反演溯源的效果,据此建立了基于“情景-应对”模式的危险化学品泄漏应急决策系统,并应用于氯气泄漏事故的应急救援中。该方法具有使用方便、决策速度快、救援效率高等特点,对危化品泄漏事故的应急决策具有重要的现实意义。     

Environmental behaviour of a construction made of a mixture of hydraulic binders and air pollution control residues from municipal solid waste incineration Part 2. Simulation tests and validation of the source term modelling

The reuse of waste materials requires the development of assessment methods for the long-term release of pollutants (source term) from wastes (or materials containing wastes) in contact with water. These methods depend on the scenario conditions: characteristics of the materials (especially physical structure and composition), contact with water… The scenario studied here is a water storage reservoir for fire extinguishing. The reservoir construction is made of a mixture of hydraulic binders and air pollution control (APC) residues from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The modelling of the source term is performed in five steps ranging from the physico-chemical characterisation of the material to the validation of the proposed model by means of field simulation devices. This paper follows a first publication on source term modelling using laboratory tests which therefore concerns the comparison of the results obtained with the previously established model. The first laboratory scale simulation test aims at taking into account the role of the leachate carbonation in the leaching behaviour of the studied material. The results obtained show that air carbonation of the leachate does not fundamentally change mass transfer mechanisms of easily soluble species (especially for alkaline metals). For these species, the use of the apparent diffusional model (model proposed in the previous paper) is, therefore, at first, a satisfactory solution for the prediction of long term leaching behaviour. The field scale test enables us to validate and calibrate the release model determined on a laboratory scale basis.     

建设项目卫生防护距离的确定方法

建设项目环境影响评价过程中的选址问题至关重要,卫生防护距离的可达性是必不可少的因素.以合成氨厂为例,探讨环境影响评价中卫生防护距离的确定方法,对无组织排放源、源强及参数的确定进行了说明.