危险废物豁免(排除)的管理体系研究

危险废物豁免(排除)是指按照一定的程序和豁免原则将一部分产生量小、分散、危害性低的危险废物从现有的危险废物管理体系中豁免或排除出来.系统分析了国外危险废物豁免(排除)管理体系研究现状和发展趋势,结合中国国情提出建立中国危险废物豁免(排除)管理体系的理论、方法、程序及相关原则,对尽快建立中国危险废物管理体系具有一定的借鉴意义.     

宁波市危险废物管理、处置现状和对策

对宁波市危险废物现状进行了调查,分析了危险废物的来源、产量、特征及存在的主要问题.在此基础上,提出了宁波市危险废物管理处置对策,具体包括:加强危险废物申报登记工作;健全宁波市危险废物管理法律体系和监督管理机构;建立合理的危险废物收费制度;源头控制危险废物污染和建设危险废物集中处置场等.     

废弃荧光灯管的环境管理研究

加强危险废物的环境管理已成为中国固体废物污染防治工作中的重点和热点.在中国,废弃荧光灯管属于毒性危险废物,如果处理处置不当,会导致自然环境和人体健康受到严重威胁.通过综合比较分析国内外废弃荧光灯管的环境管理现状,系统总结了目前中国在废弃荧光灯管环境管理方面的不足,并对废弃荧光灯管环境管理的研究方向进行了展望,为建立和完善中国废弃荧光灯管的环境管理体系提供了重要的理论依据,对中国加强危险废物的系统管理具有重要的现实意义.     

中国危险废物管理的历史沿革——从"探索起步"到"全面提升"

如何对危险废物进行有效管理已成为当今世界各国政府环境管理部门共同面临的一个重要问题,也是减少危险废物产生量、降低危险废物危害性的关键.回顾了中国危险废物管理法规、制度和利用处置行业的建立和发展过程,并根据对危险废物的认识过程,将中国危险废物管理分为探索起步阶段、体系构建阶段、能力构筑阶段和全面提升阶段,分析了不同阶段的主要特征和重要事件,阐明了当代危险废物管理模式产生的现实必要性和历史必然性,最后提出了中国建设现代化危险废物管理体系的重要意义.本研究可为我国建立设现代化的危险废物管理体系、提升危险废物监管水平提供参考.     

水泥窑协同处置危险废物的研究现状及其发展

水泥窑协同处置危险废物作为一种新兴的危险废物焚烧处置技术,具有焚烧温度高、停留时间长、处理效果好、改造成本低等多项优势,应用前景广泛。简述了中国危险废物的产生及处理处置现状,介绍了水泥窑协同处置技术,综合国内外最新的水泥窑协同处置危险废物的文献,从熟料性质、水泥质量以及烟气排放等角度综述了垃圾焚烧飞灰、污染土壤、农药废物以及污泥类危险废物这4种典型危险废物在水泥窑中的协同处置情况,分析了每种危险废物在水泥窑中协同处置的可行性,提出了实际应用过程中应该注意的问题,最后提出了未来水泥窑协同处置危险废物的研究思路。     

苏南危险废物集中处理处置的可行性研究

从法律、技术、环境、经济以及社会层面,结合国际流行管理理念,对苏南危险废物处理处置现状进行了全面评估;提出了苏南危险废物综合管理方案以及废物减量化、资源化、收集、运输、处理处置的技术模式;未来危险废物处理厂的选址方法及标准;新建现代化废弃物物化处理厂、焚烧厂以及填埋场的实施方案。     

中国危险废物与工业固体废物产量对比研究

介绍了国外危险废物和工业固体废物产量状况。以中国环境统计数据为基础,对中国危险废物与工业固体废物产量进行了全面对比研究。结果表明,中国危险废物占工业固体废物的比例远低于欧美发达国家的水平,反映出中国危险废物统计涵盖的范围远没有发达国家广泛,也说明中国的经济发展还处在较低的水平,今后危险废物实际产量还将增加;另外,中国高新技术行业以及西部资源省份的危险废物产量占工业固体废物的比例较大,值得有关部门重视管理。     

《环境污染与防治》网络版论文摘要

加强上海市危险废物管理的思考刁炳祥(东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200051)总结了当前上海加强危险废物管理的五个方面的相关背景和必要性。分析了上海危险废物的产生、处置和利用以及监督管理的现状和特点。就管理、执法、应急预案、培训服务、重视对工业固体废物和危险化学品的管理等,提出了加强上海市危险废物管理的对策和建议。关键词危险废物加强管理对策垃圾压缩站污水污染防治研究张鸿郭周少奇(华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510640)垃圾压缩站解决了当前城市垃圾收集运输困难的难题,有利于城市生活垃圾的卫生填埋处置…     

浙江省小微企业危险废物集中收运体系建设实践与思考

针对民营经济发达、小微企业众多、工业危险废物产生量少但种类多的情况,浙江省在全域"无废城市"建设中,以"政府引导、市场主导"为原则,建立了覆盖全省的小微企业危险废物集中收运体系,以破解小微企业危险废物处置出路难的问题.概述了浙江省小微企业危险废物产生及收运现状,并依据集中收运体系的准入条件和建设要求,梳理了全省小微企业...     

危险废物稳定化/固化技术的现状与发展

本文对危险废物稳定化／固化处理技术的历史、现状以及今后的发展方向进行了较为系统的论述，对该技术在处理危险废物时所存在的问题进行了探讨，认为今后药剂稳定化技术在废物处置预处理领域将会占据重要的地位。     

基于因特网的危险废物转移联单系统研究与开发

危险废物转移联单是跟踪危险废物转移和处理处置的基本方法 ,也是实施危险废物全过程管理的有效工具。然而 ,目前使用的纸质联单系统 ,运行过程繁杂、周期长、耗费人力和物力 ,与现代化管理不相适应。本文提出了符合中国国情的电子化转移联单解决方案 ,论述了系统的设计开发过程和运行情况。这一系统采用了因特网技术 ,能实现联单运行的电子化和自动化 ,简化运行过程 ,提高效率 ,为我国危险废物转移的电子化管理奠定了基础     

A Survey of Graduate Education in Hazardous Waste Management

A brief, informal survey questionnaire was sent to 69 universities in the U.S. Forty-two schools responded. Of the 42 respondents, 30 offered one or more courses in hazardous waste management. The average number of courses offered was 1.76 at an average frequency of once per year. Approximately 400 students take the hazardous waste management courses each year. Only four schools provided explicit laboratory training in hazardous waste analysis/treatment. Sixty-nine percent of the respondents have a research program in hazardous waste management. Typical course outlines are presented. Equipment needs for a hazardous waste laboratory are suggested.     

Chemical Manufacturers Association 1984 Hazardous Waste Survey

This paper discusses the Chemical Manufacturers Association's 1984 survey of the chemical industry's hazardous waste management practices. The survey data include a breakdown of how the industry's hazardous wastes are managed, detailing generation, treatment and disposal, and cover 725 plants in 81 companies. The 1984 survey is the third CM A hazardous waste survey, and the paper discusses resultant waste treatment trends from 1981- 1984, the period covered by previous surveys. A total of 278.5 million tons of hazardous waste was treated and disposed by survey respondents. Of this, 276.8 million tons was hazardous wastewater and 1.7 million tons was solid hazardous waste. The survey solid hazardous waste total was projected to the entire industry (Standard Industrial Code 2800) and is estimated at 6.9 million tons. The survey showed continued decreasing trends in hazardous waste generation in the chemical industry. It demonstrated changes in hazardous waste management practices, with decreased use of landfills and increased incineration of the solid wastes that are generated.     

Towards sets of hazardous waste indicators. Essential tools for modern industrial management

Decision-makers require useful tools, such as indicators, to help them make environmentally sound decisions leading to effective management of hazardous wastes. Four hazardous waste indicators are being tested for such a purpose by several countries within the Sustainable Development Indicator Programme of the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development. However, these indicators only address the 'down-stream' end-of-pipe industrial situation. More creative thinking is clearly needed to develop a wider range of indicators that not only reflects all aspects of industrial production that generates hazardous waste but considers socio-economic implications of the waste as well. Sets of useful and innovative indicators are proposed that could be applied to the emerging paradigm shift away from conventional end-of-pipe management actions and towards preventive strategies that are being increasingly adopted by industry often in association with local and national governments. A methodological and conceptual framework for the development of a core-set of hazardous waste indicators has been developed. Some of the indicator sets outlined quantify preventive waste management strategies (including indicators for cleaner production, hazardous waste reduction/minimization and life cycle analysis), whilst other sets address proactive strategies (including changes in production and consumption patterns, eco-efficiency, eco-intensity and resource productivity). Indicators for quantifying transport of hazardous wastes are also described. It was concluded that a number of the indicators proposed could now be usefully implemented as management tools using existing industrial and economic data. As cleaner production technologies and waste minimization approaches are more widely deployed, and industry integrates environmental concerns at all levels of decision-making, it is expected that the necessary data for construction of the remaining indicators will soon become available.     

Air Pollution in the Republic of Korea

This paper discusses the potential for using commercially available treatment techniques to remove VOCs from hazardous waste streams and addresses some of the issues associated with making waste treatment a viable VOC emission control technique for hazardous waste management facilities. It discusses the waste streams of concern because of their volatile constituents and describes potentially applicable treatment techniques. The use of models for treatment process design is described. Finally, the paper discusses treatment cost, treatment residuals, and considerations of importance in choosing where in the life cycle of a hazardous waste stream to treat it.     

Factors influencing appropriate management of household hazardous waste in Nakhon Nayok,Thailand: A multilevel analysis

Household hazardous products contain hazardous chemicals, so when discarding these products a household hazardous waste (HHW) stream is created. HHW is a major environmental problem in Thailand, yet HHW has received scant attention so management is often inadequate or inappropriate. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with appropriate HHW management in Thailand. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire completed during randomly assigned household interviews in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand, between February and May 2017. The proportion of “appropriate management” was presented as percentage with its 95% confidence interval (CI). A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was performed to determine the factors associated with appropriate HHW management, with 663 households included. The proportion of appropriate HHW management was 23.4% (95%CI: 20.2% to 26.6%). Both individual and local government administrative organization factors had on an effect on appropriate HHW management, including (a) being female (adjusted odds ratio [OR]:1.59; 95%CI: 1.03 to 2.46); (b) household size (adjusted OR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.09 to 2.54); (c) knowledge score vis-à-vis HHW management (adjusted OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.43 to 2.02); (d) appropriate HHW storage behavior (adjusted OR: 2.48; 95%CI: 1.60 to 3.83); and (e) appropriate HHW use behavior (adjusted OR: 3.97; 95%CI: 2.40 to 6.58). The government of Thailand might consider a program to increase appropriate management of household hazardous waste to mitigate public health and environmental contamination risks.

Implications: Household hazardous waste becomes a major concern in many countries, including Thailand. The household hazardous waste management should be started at the source first, because household hazardous waste is mixed with the municipal waste stream. Thus, this study finding will be important for policymakers such as government and local government and can be used to create a specific policy and campaigns for household hazardous waste management.     

Public Policy impacts on the Generation and Disposal of Hazardous Waste in New York State

A number of policies adopted by the federal government and the states have been designed to promote waste reduction or influence the choice of waste disposal technologies employed by generators of hazardous waste. Graphic analysis of smoothed time series data for hazardous wastes manifested in New York State for the period between June 1982 and February 1987 suggests that some of these policies have had the intended effects.

Significant shifts in manifested waste volumes are evident that coincide with the following policy interventions: (1) increased state waste-end tax rates; (2) state and federal landfill bans; (3) federal restrictions on burning hazardous wastes and waste oils for energy recovery; and (4) changes in the federal regulatory definition of hazardous waste. Other changes in waste generation and management appear to be attributable to such factors as state and regional economic conditions and changes in instate treatment and disposal facility capacity. Analysis of the management of specific waste types supports evidence from the graphic analysis that waste generators changed from land disposal to “higher” waste handling technologies in response to several policy interventions.     

Public policy impacts on the generation and disposal of hazardous waste in New York State

A number of policies adopted by the federal government and the state have been designed to promote waste reduction or influence the choice of waste disposal technologies employed by generators of hazardous waste. Graphic analysis of smoothed time series data for hazardous wastes manifested in New York State for the period between June 1982 and February 1987 suggests that some of these policies have had the intended effects. Significant shifts in manifested waste volumes are evident that coincide with the following policy interventions: (1) increased state waste-end tax rates; (2) state and federal landfill bans; (3) federal restrictions on burning hazardous wastes and waste oils for energy recovery; and (4) changes in the federal regulatory definition of hazardous waste. Other changes in waste generation and management appear to be attributable to such factors as state and regional economic conditions and changes in instate treatment and disposal facility capacity. Analysis of the management of specific waste types supports evidence from the graphic analysis that waste generators changed from land disposal to "higher" waste handling technologies in response to several policy interventions.     

Hazardous Waste Minimization: Part VI Waste Minimization in the Foundry Industry

The foundry industry is a major consumer of waste materials (scrap). Unfortunately, the recycling of these waste materials can result in the generation of hazardous wastes that must be properly managed at a significant cost. This article focuses on two waste streams in the foundry industry; calcium carbide desulfurization slag and melt emission control residuals. The author presents an overview of how foundries have evaluated different waste management options with the ultimate goal of minimizing the generation of hazardous waste.