红三叶草根际区石油降解菌的筛选及降解性能

从石油污染的土壤红三叶草（nifoliumrepensLinn）根际修复区中分离筛选得到4株以原油作为惟一碳源和能源进行生长繁殖的高效石油降解菌。通过菌落形态、显微镜个体形态观察、生理生化鉴定以及菌株16SrDNA序列分析，初步鉴定4株优势降解菌分别为动性杆菌、藤黄微球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和短小芽孢杆菌。采用气相色谱／质谱（GC／MS）法分析4株混合菌对石油烃的降解性能。结果表明：在摇床培养条件下，混合菌54d对总石油烃的生物降解率达到90．50％，较对照高67．72％。随着生物降解时间的延长，石油组分中的正构烷烃、异构烷烃及环烷烃相对总量均呈减小趋势，而芳香烃和其他醇类、醛和酸类的相对含量则有所增加。     

烟酰胺降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

采用HPLC对某烟酰胺生产废水的主要成分进行分析，并模拟废水中的主要成分烟酰胺（nicotinamide）的浓度，对以烟酰胺为唯一碳源配制的培养基进行降解实验，获得有较佳降解率和生长能力的菌株YSI-1和YSI-2。结果表明．YSI菌株的混合菌降解效果优于单株菌，混合菌在初始OD600值为0．4，pH为7．0时，对浓度为2000mg／L的烟酰胺降解2d的降解率可达32．8％。延长处理时间或提高菌种的初始OD600值，烟酰胺的去除率均有较大的增加。     

高效阿特拉津降解菌株DNSIO降解条件优化

从长期施用阿特拉津的寒地黑土耕层（0～10cm）土壤中筛选到一株能以除草剂阿特拉津为氮源生长的降解菌株，结合16SrRNA序列分析结果，将该菌株命名为Arthrobacter sp．DNSl0。在接种量为10。CFU／mL的条件下，菌株DNSl0在24h内对100mg／L阿特拉津的降解率为99．41％。单因子实验结果表明，菌株DNSl0适宜生长和降解的条件范围是：温度25～35＇12，pH值5．0～8．0，培养液盐度0．1％～2％，对阿特拉津最大耐受浓度可达1200mg／L。正交实验法进一步表明，该菌株保持较好生长及降解能力的最优方案是温度30℃，pH值7．5，培养液盐度0．5％。影响其降解能力的环境因素的主次顺序依次是：温度〉盐度〉pH值。     

四环素高效降解酵母菌Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans XPY-10降解特性

Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans XPY-10是一株分离自抗生素制药厂的高效四环素降解酵母菌。为了建立该菌株降解四环素的适宜条件，分别研究了碳源、有机氮源、金属离子等营养物质及初始底物浓度、接种量、pH、温度、装液量、摇床转速等理化因素对菌体生长及四环素降解效率的影响。结果表明，菌株XPY-10生长的最适碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和蛋白胨。在含有0．05％FeSO4的培养基中，菌株XPY—10降解四环素的适宜条件为：接种量2％，pH8，温度3422，装液量100mL（250mL三角瓶），摇床转速180r／min。在此条件下，菌株XPY—10在7d内对初始浓度为600mg／L的四环素降解率为83．63％。本菌株对养殖废水及制药废水中四环素的污染治理有一定的应用前景。     

TA高效降解菌株培养基的优化

对TA高效降解菌株的生长培养基进行了5因素2水平标准的正交设计，考察了碳源（精对苯二甲酸PTA）、氮源（NH4Cl）、磷源（K2HPO4）、生长因子（MgSO4、FeSO4、CaCl2的混合物）和酵母膏对菌体生长的影响。并与肉汤培养基相对照，得到TA高效降解菌株生长培养基为：PTA10g／L；NH4Cl 0．5g／L；K2HPO4 0．1g／L；生长因子（MgSO4 0．1g／L，FeSO4 0．01g／L，CaCl2 0．01g／L的混合物）；Y．E2．5g／L。     

一株石油烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及对石油烃模式物的降解特性研究

从胶洲湾P3-1站位采集的石油污染海洋底泥中筛选得到一株能以原油为唯一碳源生长良好的石油烃降解菌株JZ3-21。经过形态、生理生化特征试验和16S rDNA序列分析结果,鉴定JZ3-21为恶臭假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas puti-da）;实验研究了该菌株对5种石油烃模式物（正十六烷、甲苯、萘、芘和邻苯二酚）的降...     

2株油烟降解优势菌株的筛选及性能研究

通过以油烟冷凝液为惟一碳源的选择培养基初筛，从长期受到油烟严重污染的土壤中筛选出具有降解油烟污染物能力的优势菌株XJ01、XJ03。研究了其最佳生长条件及降解性能，并对其进行了生理生化特征及分子生物学鉴定。研究表明，XJ01、XJ03最佳生长温度分别为35℃、30℃，最佳生长pH均为7，摇床转速均为120r／min，最佳降解时间分别为48h和36h；在最佳降解条件下，xJ01、XJ03总降解量分别达4．47113g／L和4．18ing／L，降解过程中，降解液pH值持续下降，生物量先增加后下降。经分子生物学鉴定，菌株XJ01、XJ03分别与铜绿假单胞菌群（Pseudomonasaeruginosagroup）和克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiellasp．）同源性最高均达到100％。     

1，4-二氯苯降解菌的分离及其降解特性研究

从某污水处理曝气池的活性污泥中分离出一株能够以1，4-二氯苯为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株DEB-1，通过形态特征和生理生化试验初步鉴定为黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium sp.）。实验结果表明，该菌株最适降解温度为32℃、最适降解pH为7.8，24 h对100 mg/L的1，4-二氯苯的降解率达94.5%。菌株DEB-1的降解谱较广，对5种氯苯类物质具有较高的降解率。并进一步研究了DEB-1的1，4-二氯苯降解酶粗酶液的性质，其最适反应温度和pH分别为30℃和8.5。对处理含氯代芳香化合物的有机废水具有一定的意义。     

氐温喹啉降解菌的筛选及降解性能

从吉林石化污水处理厂的活性污泥中驯化、筛选获得一株降解效率高且生长速率快高效耐冷菌，命名为WS-5。该菌能以喹啉作为惟一的碳源、氮源及能源。结合菌体的形态观察、生理生化特性实验及16SrDNA序列同源性对比分析，鉴定菌株WS-5为恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonasputida）。不同降解条件下的实验结果表明，菌株WS-5的最佳降解条件是投菌量为15％，pH值范围在8～10，摇床转速为100r／min。最佳降解环境下对200mg／L的喹啉在132h降解率达到了85．3％。菌株WS-5对初始喹啉浓度为50、100、200和300mg／L的初始喹啉浓度分别在36、72、192和262h内完全降解。这将为今后在低温条件下处理含喹啉废水提供技术指导。     

一株嗜油不动杆菌(Acinetobacter oleivorans)的分离鉴定及石油降解特性

从石油污染土壤分离到30株石油降解菌,经复筛得到一株适应能力强、对石油降解效率高的优势菌株JC3-1。该菌株在温度为20~40℃、p H 5~9、盐度(Na Cl)为0~3%(W/V)条件下生长良好。在以4 g/L原油为惟一碳源的培养基中生长15 d后对原油的降解率达42.15%。通过形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S r DNA序列分析,初步鉴定属于嗜油不动杆菌(Acinetobacter oleivorans)。菌株在以正戊烷、正己烷、十六烷、十八烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、邻苯二酚、萘、芘为惟一碳源培养基中都能很好生长。用特异性PCR检测发现,JC3-1具有酰基辅酶A脱氢酶、苹果酸合成酶、异柠檬酸裂合酶、Ton B-依赖性铁载体受体、铁载体受体蛋白、多功能脂肪酸氧化酶复合体α亚单位等代谢功能基因,及烷烃单加氧酶、芳烃双加氧酶、联苯双加氧酶、邻苯二酚双加氧酶、萘双加氧酶、甲苯双加氧酶等降解功能基因。     

含松醇油实际选矿废水的COD生物降解

从广东省某铅锌矿尾矿库周边的土壤中分离并纯化出3株能有效降解松醇油的菌株，分别命名为KS-1、KS-2和KS-3，实验表明KS-1菌株对含松醇油的模拟选矿废水化学需氧量（COD）降解效果最好，鉴定结果表明该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌。在此基础上，重点研究了KS-1菌株对尾矿库实际外排选矿废水的处理效果，探索了不同接种量、pH和温度对COD降解效果的影响。结果表明，在接种量为5％、pH为6．0、温度为25℃的条件下，菌株KS-1降解实际废水COD的效果最佳，且搅拌有利于菌株对废水COD的降解。该工艺参数下，48h内COD降低到12．87mg／L，达到了国家新的《铅锌工业污染物排放标准》（GB25466．2010）的要求。     

Isolation and characterization of a potential paraffin-wax degrading thermophilic bacterial strain Geobacillus kaustophilus TERI NSM for application in oil wells with paraffin deposition problems

Paraffin deposition problems, that have plagued the oil industry, are currently remediated by mechanical and chemical means. However, since these methods are problematic, a microbiological approach has been considered. The bacteria, required for the mitigation of paraffin deposition problems, should be able to survive the high temperatures of oil wells and degrade the paraffins under low oxygen and nutrient conditions while sparing the low carbon chain paraffins. In this study, a thermophilic paraffinic wax degrading bacterial strain was isolated from a soil sample contaminated with paraffinic crude oil. The selected strain, Geobacillus TERI NSM, could degrade 600mg of paraffinic wax as the sole carbon source in 1000ml minimal salts medium in 7d at 55 degrees C. This strain was identified as Geobacillus kaustophilus by fatty acid methyl esters analysis and 16S rRNA full gene sequencing. G. kaustophilus TERI NSM showed 97% degradation of eicosane, 85% degradation of pentacosane and 77% degradation of triacontane in 10d when used as the carbon source. The strain TERI NSM could also degrade the paraffins of crude oil collected from oil wells that had a history of paraffin deposition problems.     

Complete degradation of butyl benzyl phthalate by a defined bacterial consortium: role of individual isolates in the assimilation pathway

Two bacterial strains, in consortium, were isolated by enrichment techniques from municipal waste-contaminated soil, which utilized butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) as the sole carbon source. One of the isolates was identified as Arthrobacter sp. strain WY and the other one as Acinetobacter sp. strain FW based on the morphological, nutritional and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Various metabolites of BBP engendered by Arthrobacter sp. strain WY were isolated and identified by a combination of chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses, which revealed a pathway involving monobutylphthalate (MBuP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), phthalic acid and protocatechuic acid. The protocatechuic acid in turn was processed by ortho-cleavage dioxygenase to form beta-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate, ultimately leading to the TCA cycle. The Arthrobacter sp. strain WY could not utilize the hydrolyzed alcohols of BBP. On the other hand, the Acinetobacter sp. strain FW, which by itself could not utilize BBP as the sole carbon source, is capable of utilizing the hydrolyzed alcohols of BBP. Benzyl alcohol was found to be metabolized by the Acinetobacter sp. strain FW via benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and catechol. Catechol was further degraded by ortho-cleavage dioxygenase to cis,cis-muconic acid and subsequently to muconolactone leading to beta-ketoadipate pathway. Moreover, the Acinetobacter sp. strain FW metabolized 1-butanol through butyraldehyde and butyric acid leading to the tricarboxylic acid cycle via beta-oxidation pathway. This is the first report on the complete degradation of BBP by a defined consortium describing the role of its individual constituents in the BBP assimilation pathway.     

一株1，2-二氯苯降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

采用富集驯化方法,从盐城芦苇湿地根际土壤中分离得到一株可高效降解1,2-二氯苯的菌株,命名为DL-1。该菌株可以在以1,2-二氯苯为惟一碳源的无机培养基上生长,能够耐受最高浓度为200 mg/L的1,2-二氯苯。根据形态特征观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,该目标菌株被鉴定为蜡质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。菌株DL-1对1,2-二氯苯降解性能研究表明,该菌株为一株兼性厌氧菌,其适宜降解浓度、适宜温度、适宜pH值和适宜接种量分别为120mg/L、32℃、7和10%,在适宜降解条件下降解12,-二氯苯4 d其降解率达到80.3%。本实验为利用该菌株降解12,-二氯苯污水的应用提供了理论基础。     

一株亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定与系统发育分析

从水产养殖污泥中分离筛选了一株优良的亚硝酸盐降解菌AQ-3,其在1.0×107 cfu/mL时对50mg/L亚硝酸盐的去除率高达99.47%。通过细菌自动鉴定系统(API ID32GN系统)以及16SrDNA系统发育分析,菌株AQ-3被鉴定为鲍曼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)(JF751054),其16SrDNA序列与基因库中不动杆菌属菌株的16SrDNA序列有99%的同源性,而且与鲍曼氏不动杆菌菌株14(FJ907197)的亲缘关系最近。此外,菌株AQ-3同时含有nirS基因、nirK基因和norB基因,这些基因对AQ-3高效降解亚硝酸盐具有重要的意义。     

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate by Gamma proteobacterium WD-3 from volatile fatty acids

The production of copolymers of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is generally a high cost process. To reduce the production costs, inexpensive carbon sources such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from acidified wastewater can be used. Therefore, isolation of bacterial strains that can produce PHA copolymers using VFAs as a sole carbon source would be a beneficial alternative. In this study, a strain of PHA accumulating bacterium was isolated from the wastewater treatment plant of a soybean processing facility in Harbin. The strain was identified as γ-proteobacterium according to its 16S rDNA information and was originally named as strain WD-3. The strain accumulated a mass of PHA up to 45% of its dry cell weight when it was cultured under the optimum fermentation condition in this study when butyrate was used as the carbon source. In addition, WD-3 could synthesize PHA copolymers of poly-hydroxybutyrate and poly-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) either from C-even substrates or from C-odd substrates, and one-third of the copolymer was PHV. Results from this study demonstrated that small molecule organic acids can be used by the strain of WD-3 as the carbon source for growth and PHA production. The maximum PHA yield in the study was 0.45 g g⁻¹ dry cell.     

高温好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及脱氮特性

从太原市某污水处理厂SBR活性污泥中分离纯化得到一株高温(50℃)好氧反硝化菌,命名为XF3。通过生理生化特性鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为波茨坦短芽孢杆菌。通过单因子实验考察碳源、C/N、pH及接种量对该菌株的生长情况与反硝化性能的影响。结果表明,菌株XF3最适碳源为琥珀酸钠,最佳C/N为12∶1,最佳pH为7,最适接种量10%(体积分数)。同时该菌株具有良好的异养硝化能力,48 h可以将73 mg/L氨氮几乎全部降解。