平煤集团坑口电厂除尘设施的技术改造

平煤集团坑口电厂原有文丘里水膜除尘器不能使排放烟尘达标排放，在保留原有两台文丘里水膜除尘器基础上，并在其前串联两台单室二电场静电除尘器，经改造后，电除尘－文丘里水膜除尘串联组合技术总除尘效率达99.9%，排放浓度为103mg/Nm^3，实现了达标排放。     

锅炉水膜除尘器改造及赛姆洛图表的应用研究

针对文丘里水膜除尘器运行中存在的问题，采用文丘里 旋流板 喷淋 折流板除雾器的方案改造原有的除尘器，在系统阻力理论分析的基础上，采用赛姆洛图表对其理论除尘效率进行估算，与工程改造后实际应用相一致。     

锅炉水膜除尘器改造及赛姆洛图表的应用研究

针对文丘里水膜除尘器运行中存在的问题 ,采用文丘里 +旋流板 +喷淋 +折流板除雾器的方案改造原有的除尘器 ,在系统阻力理论分析的基础上 ,采用赛姆洛图表对其理论除尘效率进行估算 ,与工程改造后实际应用相一致。     

燃煤锅炉烟气除尘系统改造

烷基苯厂锅炉烟气除尘系统改造选用文丘里麻石水膜除尘器,除尘脱硫废水与碱性冲渣水中和、过滤后再循环泵提升至冲渣系统,实现燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫废水循环利用。改造后的除尘系统运行情况良好,锅炉的烟尘排放浓度及烟气黑度均达到了国家现行三类区排放标准,二氧化硫排放浓度低于国家允许排放标准。     

文丘里水膜除尘器除尘脱硫增效技术研究

介绍了三相流化床技术用于文丘里水膜除尘器除尘脱硫增效的原理、工艺流程以及在410t／h锅炉上的工业应用结果。工业运行测试结果表明，其脱硫效率可达85％左右，除尘效率达98％左右。该系统结构简单、运行可靠，具备了工业应用的条件。     

中小型燃煤炉烟气脱硫方法

对中小型燃煤炉烟气脱硫方法作了介绍,提出了对湿式除尘器(文丘里除尘器,旋风除尘洗涤塔,冲击式除尘脱硫塔等)的改造方法,以提高其烟气除尘脱硫效率。同时,介绍了干湿两级除尘脱硫系统和利用脱硫碱液及脱硫废水的烟气脱硫技术。     

文丘里喷嘴改进金锥滤筒脉喷清灰性能的数值模拟

针对除尘滤筒脉冲反吹清灰均匀性差、强度不足的缺点,构建了脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器CFD数值模型,考察了文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒组合条件下的清灰性能.结果 表明,无论是文丘里喷嘴还是金锥滤筒的使用或二者组合使用,滤筒内喷吹压力均为底部大而上部小;文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒可单独或组合式优化喷吹性能;在喷吹高度为150～550 mm时,喷吹强度和均匀性整体上随喷吹高度的增大而逐渐增强,当喷吹高度为350 mm时,文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒组合使用的优化效果最佳,喷吹强度和均匀性分别提高了1.72和1.96倍.本研究结果可为脉喷清灰滤筒除尘器的优化提供参考.     

低能耗脉冲喷吹袋式除尘器的三维数值模拟及工程应用

以袋式除尘器装置为研究对象,考虑射流偏移,建立了脉冲喷吹清洁的三维CFD数值模型,并进行实验验证;对喷嘴与文丘里管优化设计,修改数值模型,研究了低能耗下的脉冲喷吹清灰效果;在将改进的喷嘴与文丘里管进行工程应用的过程中,研究了其对大气粉尘排放的影响。结果表明,建立的三维CFD模型展现出了高瞬态行为和可压缩效应,即在射流中表现出涡流环与冲击单元现象。与孔喷嘴相比,改进后的喷嘴设计对射流偏移进行了调整,并且使滤袋内脉冲压力增加了5.1%～13.3%,提升了清灰效果。对比喉部直径为85 mm的文丘里管,无文丘里管的设计使得射流不易进入滤袋中,导致滤袋内脉冲压力降低了41.4%～46.3%,引起清灰效果的下降;减小文丘里管喉部直径,可以减少回流,提升滤袋内脉冲压力,改善清灰效果。对比原始装置,安装了改进喷嘴与文丘里管的袋式除尘器能明显降低大气粉尘排放,以上研究结果可为脉冲喷吹清灰除尘器的优化设计提供参考。     

湿式旋流脱硫除尘一体化装置在燃煤锅炉烟气净化上的应用

某中药厂4 t/h燃煤锅炉烟气采用湿式旋流脱硫除尘一体化装置取得了良好的效果,经实际运行测定除尘率达95%,脱硫率达77%,排出的烟气均能达到排放标准.该净化装置具有旋风水膜除尘器和湿式旋流板洗涤器的双重功能,通过介绍该一体化装置的机理、设计参数和技术经济分析,为燃煤锅炉烟气的脱硫除尘提供参考.     

花岗岩高效湿式脱硫除尘系统的研制

花岗岩高效湿式脱硫除尘系统由脱硫除尘室、脱水除雾室和水处理、水循环沉淀池三部分组成。该系统经过一年多的实际运行,设备状态良好。１脱硫除尘系统的设计１．１工作原理及工艺流程脱硫除尘室由文丘里脱硫除尘室和主塔脱硫除尘室两部分组成,包含五组喷淋水管和七个水气混合过程。其工作原理如图１所示。第一步,烟气从文丘里塔上部人口处进入,通过第一组喷水管喷出的水雾旋转往下喷射,使烟气旋转往下运动;第二步,烟气通过第二组由若干个与文丘里塔（管）成垂直切向排列（如图２）组成的喷水管,进一步与水（雾）结合,更均匀快速旋…     

PCDD/DF concentrations at the inlets and outlets of wet scrubbers in Korean waste incinerators

To further understand the effects of wet scrubbers on PCDD/DF levels, it was measured the concentrations of PCDD/DF, dust, and other gaseous pollutants at both the inlets and the outlets of seven wet scrubbers. As a result, the concentrations of PCDD/DF at the inlets and outlets of the wet scrubbers ranged from 0.2 to 37.4, and 0.8 to 6.0 ng TEQ N m-3, respectively. With the exceptions of wet scrubbers F and G, the PCDD/DF levels decreased by and large in most wet scrubbers. It was thought that their relatively high removal efficiencies were more increased with heavier loads of dust and particle-bound PCDD/DF. On the other hand, it was also surveyed the increase of gaseous PCDD/DF in wet scrubber, where the total level of PCDD/DF was decreased. However, it was not sure whether it had been resulted from the thermal adsorption/desorption phenomenon between packing materials and emission gases or not. At the very least, however, although there still remains an unexplained aspect for the increase of gaseous PCDD/DF, it is clear that wet scrubbers can be sufficiently applied to remove PCDD/DF to a certain extent, if only removal efficiencies for the particle loads are high, and if a significant part of the PCDD/DF at the inlets is particle associated.     

Flux Force/Condensation Scrubbing

Considerations for the engineering design of flux force/condensation (FF/C) scrubbers are reviewed. Fine par-ticulate removal in multiple sieve plate FF/C scrubbers is predicted, using mathematical design models. Results of experimental studies of two multiple sieve plate scrubbers for the removal of submicron particles are given. The published experimental data on FF/C scrubber performance are summarized. A preliminary analysis of the economics of FF/C scrubbers, compared to the conventional high energy scrubbers, defines the most favorable operating conditions for the application of FF/C scrubbers.     

The prediction of PCDD/DF levels in wet scrubbers associated with waste incinerators

Wet scrubber is one of the most conventional types of air pollutant control devices (APCDs), which is specially designed to treat dust and acidic gases in the flue gas simultaneously. In spite of its outstanding ability to control them, however, wet scrubbers have been considered as potential contaminant sources that may increase PCDD/DF concentrations in the flue gas. In this study, we investigated the change of PCDD/DF concentrations at the inlets and outlets of seven wet scrubbers, and compared them with other published data. With a multi-regression analysis of dust concentrations and temperature at the inlets and outlets of given wet scrubbers, we developed an empirical model to understand factors dominating the change of PCDD/DF concentrations. As a result, we confirmed that the changes of PCDD/DF concentrations in wet scrubbers are closely related to their concentrations at the inlets, which would usually be determined by the type of APCDs installed upstream of the wet scrubber.     

Venturi Scrubber Performance

The object of this program was to study particle collection efficiency in venturi scrubbers in order to account for the effects of particle size and wettability, venturi size, and fluid flow rates. The body of information is directed to those interested in the prediction of particle collection efficiency in venturi scrubbers.     

Air Pollution Control Expenditures in the Chemical Industry

As industry today analyzes its emissions with more sophisticated sampling and testing techniques, it is finding more often that the problems of gaseous and particulate contaminants occur simultaneously. Current legislation is rapidly becoming more stringent and where a particular industry formerly thought it primarily had a single contaminant problem, it now finds itself faced with the necessity to comply with multiple contaminant emission level requirements. Extensive field experience in a wide diversity of industries has shown that the simultaneous removal of both the gaseous and particulate contaminants can be effectively met by crossflow scrubbers utilizing filamentous-type packings. High efficiency collection can be achieved at low operating cost in a single piece of control equipment with reliable operating results.     

Information Required for the Selection and Performance Evaluation of Wet Scrubbers

The term “wet scrubber” or simply “scrubber,” for the purpose of this report, is intended to include any device using liquid to effect the removal of solid or liquid particles which are entrained in process air or gas streams. This guide is intended to provide information required for the selection and performance evaluation of all types of scrubbers installed for the primary purpose of removing such particulates from any process gas stream. It is not intended to cover scrubbers for the collection of gaseous and/or vapor constituents which involve gas absorption mechanisms.     

The potential future contribution of shipping to acidification of the Baltic Sea

International regulation of the emission of acidic sulphur and nitrogen oxides from commercial shipping has focused on the risks to human health, with little attention paid to the consequences for the marine environment. The introduction of stricter regulations in northern Europe has led to substantial investment in scrubbers that absorb the sulphur oxides in a counterflow of seawater. This paper examines the consequences of smokestack and scrubber release of acidic oxides in the Baltic Sea according to a range of scenarios for the coming decades. While shipping is projected to become a major source of strong acid deposition to the Baltic Sea by 2050, the long-term effect on the pH and alkalinity is projected to be significantly smaller than estimated from previous scoping studies. A significant contribution to this difference is the efficient export of surface water acidification to the North Sea on a timescale of 15–20 years.     

Performance of Gas-Atomized Spray Scrubbers at High Pressure

A large number of pressurized coal gasification processes being developed propose to use venturi scrubbers for particulate removal at high pressures. Theoretical predictions based on venturi scrubber performance models indicate that particle collection efficiency will decrease severely in these high gas pressure applications.

An exploratory theoretical and experimental program was performed to study the effect of gas pressure on venturi scrubber performance. Experiments were done on a 0.47 m³/s (1000 acfm) pilot scale venturi scrubber. Particle collection performance was determined as a function of scrubber pressure drop for venturi scrubbers operating In the range of 1-10 atm total pressure. Experimental results confirmed that the particle collection efficiency of venturi scrubbers decreases for a given scrubber pressure drop as total gas pressure Is increased. To achieve the same particle collection efficiency, the pressure drop across a venturi scrubber operated at 10 atm Is about 10 times that of the same scrubber operated at 1 atm pressure.     

Practices in dioxin emission reduction by special regulatory enforcement and utilizing advanced control technologies for incinerators in Korea

This study strives to estimate the emission of dioxin and furthermore attempts to find the best technological control methods available for waste incinerators by investigating the emission status thereof. In order to incorporate the Stockholm Convention, a particular stringent law was promulgated in Korea and in recent years incinerators were forced to utilize better technological control. After the enforcement of special dioxin emission regulation in 2003, the average concentration of dioxin emitted from municipal and industrial waste incinerators decreased from 15.25 and 12.86 ng TEQ Nm(-3) to 5.53 and 4.96 ng TEQ Nm(-3) in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Based on test results at commercial plants, several best arranged sets of air pollution control devices (APCDs) were suggested in order to provide guidelines to help operators. These sets included combinations of spray dry absorbers, bag type filters, wet scrubbers, selective catalytic reductions and electrostatic precipitators. Different suggestions and real installations of APCD arrangement were investigated during the years around the regulation in effective. The results were presented depending on the capacity of the incinerators and different waste streams to observe the efforts to reduce dioxin emission by operators of incineration plants. The annual amount of dioxin emission from the incinerators is expected to be 212.5 g-TEQ in 2011 and 234.3g-TEQ in 2015, respectively, compared to 891.6g-TEQ recorded in 2001. The enforcement of new regulation and the installation of better APCDs showed the significant effect on such reduction. This reduction in dioxin emission from incinerators confirmed the nation's commitment to the regulatory requirement set by the Stockholm Convention.     

Performance of Wet Scrubbers on Liquid and Solid Particulate Matter

A general discussion of packed scrubbers for particle collection is presented. Data on liquid entrainment separation, ammonium chloride fume collection, and clay particle collection are given.