污染土壤电动修复增强方法研究进展

污染土壤电动修复是一项新兴绿色原位修复技术。其原理是在土壤上施加直流电场，利用电迁移和电渗去除污染物，土壤pH、Zeta电位以及土壤化学性质等因素影响电动修复效果。为了提高修复效率和扩大电动修复应用范围，现在已经发展了针对不同类型土壤和污染物的增强修复技术。本文归纳总结了1995年以来土壤电动修复中常用增强处理效果的8种方法，即酸碱中和法、阳离子选择膜法、电渗析法、络合剂法、表面活性剂法、氧化-还原法、EK-生物联用和Lasagna^TM法，且对每种方法的典型实验装置、增强原理、方法特点和适用范围等进行了分析和讨论，为以后的实验设计提供了有益的参考。     

电动力学技术强化原位生物修复研究进展

介绍了利用电动力学技术强化土壤及地下水原位生物修复的原理和最新进展。电动力学强化的基本原理是利用电渗析、电迁移和电泳等电动力学效应加速污染环境中有机污染物和微生物运动,注入营养物、电子受体或活性微生物,或者利用电极反应和电流热效应为地下生物降解创造有利条件。研究表明．电动力学技术能有效地强化原位生物修复,而且该技术不破环生态环境．安装和操作简单,成本低廉．有广泛的应用前景。     

污染土壤电动修复增强方法研究进展

污染土壤电动修复是一项新兴绿色原位修复技术。其原理是在土壤上施加直流电场 ,利用电迁移和电渗去除污染物 ,土壤pH、Zeta电位以及土壤化学性质等因素影响电动修复效果。为了提高修复效率和扩大电动修复应用范围 ,现在已经发展了针对不同类型土壤和污染物的增强修复技术。本文归纳总结了 1995年以来土壤电动修复中常用增强处理效果的 8种方法 ,即酸碱中和法、阳离子选择膜法、电渗析法、络合剂法、表面活性剂法、氧化 还原法、EK 生物联用和LasagnaTM法 ,且对每种方法的典型实验装置、增强原理、方法特点和适用范围等进行了分析和讨论 ,为以后的实验设计提供了有益的参考     

重金属污染土壤的强化电动修复技术研究进展

在土壤重金属污染日益严重的背景下,寻找一种简单高效的土壤修复技术刻不容缓。电动修复技术由于操作简单、处理污染物多样、修复快速、成本低廉等优点,成为重金属污染土壤修复领域的研究热点。简述了中国土壤重金属污染的现状,电动修复的原理及其影响因素,综述了近年来国内外有关强化电动修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展及国内外应用实例,分析了电动修复技术中存在的问题,最后指明了强化电动修复技术未来的研究方向。     

基于过硫酸盐的多环芳烃污染场地原位修复技术研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)作为土壤和地下水中常见的有机污染物，严重威胁了人类健康。近年来，基于过硫酸盐(PS)的原位修复技术由于高效快速且成本适中被广泛用于PAHs污染场地修复。介绍了PS的活化方式及机理，分析了4种PS原位注入技术的优缺点及应用条件，综述了土壤环境对PS氧化技术应用的影响，总结了PS在PAHs污染场地修复的实际工程应用，以及基于PS的联合修复技术的发展现状，并对PS氧化技术在实际场地修复的应用和发展进行了展望，以期为PAHs污染场地原位修复提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

污染土壤电动修复及供能方式研究进展

污染土壤电动修复是一项新兴的绿色原位修复技术.其原理是在土壤上施加直流电场,利用电迁移和电渗流去除污染物.电动修复的效率主要受到土壤pH、Zeta电位以及土壤化学性质等因素影响.在研究中使用的供能方式有两种控制电位法和控制电流法.这两种供能方式有不同特点和应用范围.控制电压法在理论模型、酸碱增强法以及阳离子膜增强修复方面有着广泛应用;控制电流法在计算目标污染物的迁移数、电渗析修复法以及难溶性重金属污染物的修复中得到应用.     

有机物污染环境的植物修复研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外有机物污染环境的植物修复研究进展情况，重点介绍了多环节烃、农药、多硝基芳香化合物等持久性有机污染物以及石油和燃油添加剂污染土壤、水体的植物修复原理与技术。     

环境水体微污染有机物及其去除技术研究进展

水体有机污染物因其生物毒性对人体健康和生态环境造成了严重的危害。随着环保技术的发展,高浓度有机污染物已得到很好的去除。检测水平的不断提高使微量有机污染物日益受到广泛关注。为了深入地研究微污染有机物及其去除技术,对微污染有机物的种类、性质和危害进行了详细阐述,并综述了国内外生物法、膜处理技术、高级氧化技术、吸附技术对微污染有机物的去除效果,总结了各种技术的优缺点。     

原位热修复过程中土壤内热质传递研究现状与展望

近年来,原位热修复技术因其具有修复周期短、可靠性高、适用性强、二次污染可控等优点,已被广泛应用于有机污染地块修复领域.概述了国内外原位热修复技术研究进展,对比了蒸汽强化抽提技术(SEE)、电阻加热技术(ERH)和热传导加热技术(TCH)3种典型原位热修复技术的优缺点和适用条件,并分析了污染物性质、土壤非均质性、含水率及...     

有机物污染环境的植物修复研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外有机物污染环境的植物修复研究进展情况 ,重点介绍了多环芳烃、农药、多硝基芳香化合物等持久性有机污染物以及石油和燃油添加剂污染土壤、水体的植物修复原理与技术。     

The Use of Electrokinetics for Hazardous Waste Site Remediation

The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program was authorized as part of the 1986 amendments to the Superfund legislation. It represents a joint effort between U.S. EPA’s Office of Research and Development and Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. The program is designed to assist and encourage the development of waste treatment technologies that would contribute to more solutions to our hazardous waste problems.

Recently, EPA, through the SITE program, issued a work assignment to assess the “stateof- the-art” of electroklnetically enhanced contaminant removal from soils. Prior research efforts, both laboratory and field, have demonstrated that electroosmosis has the potential to be effective In facilitating the removal of certain types of hazardous wastes from soils. Particularly encouraging results have been achieved with inorganics in fine-grained soils where more traditional removal alternatives are less effective.

Although the results of various studies suggest that electrokinetics is a promising technology, further testing Is needed at both the laboratory and field levels to fully develop this technology for site remediation. A conceptual test program Is presented based on best available data which incorporates system design and operating parameters used in previous applications of this technology In the use of electrokinetics treatment as a remediation technique at hazardous waste sites.     

电动力学法修复土壤环境重金属污染的研究进展

介绍了电动力学法的基本原理和国外的一些电动力学修复重金属污染土壤的工艺,如Lasagna工艺、阴极区注导电性溶液工艺、阳离子选择性透过膜、CEHIXM工艺、Electro—Klean^TM电分离技术、电化学自然氧化技术、电化学离子交换技术、电吸附技术等,并指出了这些工艺的优缺点。评价了电动力学法处理地下土壤环境中重金属污染的优势及目前存在的问题。     

Electrokinetic remediation of organochlorines in soil: enhancement techniques and integration with other remediation technologies

Electrokinetic remediation has been increasingly used in soils and other matrices for numerous contaminants such as inorganic, organic, radionuclides, explosives and their mixtures. Several strategies were tested to improve this technology effectiveness, namely techniques to solubilize contaminants, control soil pH and also couple electrokinetics with other remediation technologies. This review focus in the experimental work carried out in organochlorines soil electroremediation, aiming to systemize useful information to researchers in this field. It is not possible to clearly state what technique is the best, since experimental approaches and targeted contaminants are different. Further research is needed in the application of some of the reviewed techniques. Also a number of technical and environmental issues will require evaluation for full-scale application. Removal efficiencies reported in real contaminated soils are much lower than the ones obtained with spiked kaolinite, showing the influence of other factors like aging of the contamination and adsorption to soil particles, resulting in important challenges when transferring technologies into the field.     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术与其他技术联用的进展与前景

随着工业和经济的发展,土壤重金属污染越来越严重,因此重金属污染土壤的修复迫在眉睫.植物修复技术因其经济、环保等优点已经成为国内外研究的热点,但存在修复植物稀少的问题.将其他技术与植物修复技术联用可能是突破植物修复这一局限性的关键举措之一.介绍了基因工程技术与植物修复技术联用的研究进展;总结了微生物技术与植物修复技术联用...     

非均匀电动力学修复技术对土壤性质的影响

非均匀电动力学技术是正在发展中的环境修复技术 ,其特点之一是不破坏原有的环境系统。通过小型实验研究了非均匀电动力学及其运行方式对土壤性质的影响 ,分析了非均匀电动力学的作用机理和影响因素 ,同时研究了非均匀电动力学系统的能耗和运行特征。实验结果表明 ,采用合适的运行方式和运行参数 ,可以最大限度地保护土壤原有的特征 ,降低能量消耗 ,具有潜在的应用前景。     

Environmental features of two commercial surfactants widely used in soil remediation

One of the main limitations for a wider application of surfactants in soil remediation is the lack of knowledge about environmental fate and toxicity of surfactant itself especially for in situ application. Sorption behaviour, biodegradability, toxicity of parent compound and its metabolites are important processes that affect environmental fate of surfactants in site remediation applications. Tween 80 (poly(oxyethylene)(20)-sorbitane monooleate) and Aerosol MA+80 (dihexyl sodium sulfosuccinate) are surfactants that have been tested in laboratory and field scale remediation of soil and groundwater. In this work, the sorption and biodegradability of these surfactants were assessed to provide conditions and limitations for their use. The soil used in this experimentation was analysed for organic carbon content, soil bacteria, and size fraction and resulted to be a good model because is characterised by mean values for almost all considered parameters. Tween 80 showed high degree of biodegradability but a high affinity for soil matrix. Results suggest that Tween 80 could find its best application in ex situ solid phase remediation like ex situ bioremediation; its high affinity to soil could limit in situ applications. Biodegradation tests for Aerosol MA+80 show low degree of biodegradability and mineralisation. Biodegradation experiments, coupled with analysis of toxicity, could support the hypothesis that degradation of Aerosol MA+80 is not complete and leads to an accumulation of intermediates with at least the same toxicity of the parental compound. Therefore, aquifer remediation application with Aerosol MA+80 has to be conducted with necessary precautions to avoid product loss and excess surfactant should be flushed from the soil.     

Innovative technologies for contaminated site remediation: focus on bioremediation.

Bioremediation, the process by which hazardous substances are degraded by microorganisms, is at the forefront of a larger group of innovative remediation technologies being applied at hazardous waste sites worldwide. Although the process of bioremediation has been utilized for decades in the field of wastewater engineering, its application to soils and groundwater at hazardous waste sites is fairly new and still undergoing intensive development. This article is intended to provide both an overview of the state of practice of bioremediation in hazardous waste remediation operations, and an inventory of issues to consider when evaluating the use of this technology for a contaminated site. These topics will be the subject matter of a unique Bioremediation Satellite seminar to be broadcast on January 9, 1992. The seminar, a joint venture between the Air and Waste Management Association (A&WMA) and the Hazardous Waste Action Coalition (HWAC), is the first in a series of satellite seminars that will deal with innovative hazardous waste remediation technologies. The intent of these seminars is to design programs which will make hazardous waste practitioners more familiar with innovative remediation technologies so that they will consider using the technologies in future clean-up operations.     

原位热处理技术修复重质非水相液体污染场地研究进展

重质非水相液体(DNAPLs)是土壤及地下水中广泛存在的有机污染物,原位热处理技术是目前修复受DNAPLs污染土壤及地下水的最具潜力的技术之一。综述了国内外常用原位热处理技术的基本原理及其影响因素,介绍了相关现场应用实例,并展望了该技术未来的应用前景和发展趋势,以期为中国污染土壤及地下水的原位修复提供有益借鉴。