活性炭去除水中余氯的研究

通过对5种不同活性炭的去除余氯量实验、余氯穿透实验以及化学反应产物Cl-的质量平衡数据,探讨了活性炭去除余氯的性能和机制.活性炭去除余氯是吸附与化学反应共同作用的结果.活性炭与水中余氯接触后的初期,去除余氯以吸附作用为主;达到吸附平衡后,余氯浓度继续下降则是由于化学反应的作用.接触时间越长、余氯初始浓度越高、pH较低,活性炭去除余氯量越大.由Cl-的生成量可以确定化学反应去除余氯量是余氯总去除量的一部分;接触时间越长,活性炭剂量越大,化学反应去除余氯量占余氯总去除量的比例越高.使用粒径<180目活性炭进行余氯去除实验,吸附容量在1～2h即达到饱和.活性炭对余氯吸附量(2h的余氯去除量)的大小与其苯酚值排行相同.苯酚值及碘值较高的煤质炭与余氯有较强的化学反应,果壳炭其次,而椰壳炭的化学性相对稳定.     

微波辐照载甲苯活性炭再生研究

研究在微波辐照条件下,活性炭量、微波功率、载气量、加热时间等因素对载甲苯活性炭脱附的影响,在正交实验中,各个影响因素的重要性排序为:氮气流量、活性炭量、辐照时间、微波功率,最佳的操作工况为:活性炭量9 g、载气流量300 mL/min、辐照时间120 s、微波功率500W,活性炭的脱附率在99.74%.     

微波辐照载甲苯活性炭再生研究

研究在微波辐照条件下,活性炭量、微波功率、载气量、加热时间等因素对载甲苯活性炭脱附的影响,在正交实验中,各个影响因素的重要性排序为：氮气流量、活性炭量、辐照时间、微波功率,最佳的操作工况为：活性炭量9 g、载气流量300 mL/min、辐照时间120 s、微波功率500W,活性炭的脱附率在99.74%.     

活性炭-微波辐射法去除苯酚的机理研究

通过微波辐射前后水样的紫外分光扫描分析，以及微波辐射后水样中的苯酚浓度和COD浓度之间线性相关性分析表明，活性炭-微波辐射强化除酚效率的主要机理是微波使反应体系温度升高导致的活性炭加速吸附作用，而不是微波诱导催化氧化作用。通过对微波辐射前后活性炭的SEM扫描电镜分析说明，活性炭在微波场中由于“微域爆炸”导致其表面及内部孔隙结构的变化， 吸附性能得到改善，是强化苯酚去除的另一原因。 研究还表明，在较短的作用时间内，活性炭-微波辐射法的除酚效率高于常温吸附，但低于沸腾条件下的高温吸附。活性炭-微波辐射去除苯酚的规律遵循其吸附特性，温度越高，吸附反应速度越快。     

微波辐射回用活性炭对水中亚甲基蓝和Cd~(2+)去除效果的研究

考察了微波-活性炭联合处理技术对模拟染料废水中亚甲基蓝和Cd2+的去除效果。对于100 mL浓度为1 000 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液、活性炭用量为10 g时,新活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.99%;采用700 W微波对吸附亚甲基蓝的活性炭辐射10 min进行再生并回用,经微波辐射再生10次后活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.68%,未经微波作用反复使用10次的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为85.41%。结果表明:微波处理有效地减缓了活性炭吸附能力的下降速率,实现了活性炭再生和反复使用。在吸附过程中,Cd2+使活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力略有下降,而共存的亚甲基蓝则促进了活性炭对Cd2+的吸附,对新炭和再生后活性炭物理化学特性的表征证明了活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附为物理吸附,对Cd2+的吸附为化学吸附。     

微波辐射回用活性炭对水中亚甲基蓝和Cd2＋去除效果的研究

考察了微波-活性炭联合处理技术对模拟染料废水中亚甲基蓝和Cd2＋的去除效果。对于100 mL浓度为1 000 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液、活性炭用量为10 g时,新活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.99%;采用700 W微波对吸附亚甲基蓝的活性炭辐射10 min进行再生并回用,经微波辐射再生10次后活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.68%,未经微波作用反复使用10次的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为85.41%。结果表明：微波处理有效地减缓了活性炭吸附能力的下降速率,实现了活性炭再生和反复使用。在吸附过程中,Cd2＋使活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力略有下降,而共存的亚甲基蓝则促进了活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附,对新炭和再生后活性炭物理化学特性的表征证明了活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附为物理吸附,对Cd2＋的吸附为化学吸附。     

载锆活性炭吸附水中对硝基苯酚和磷的研究

为了研究能有效同步去除水中有机、无机污染物的吸附剂,通过前驱体原位沉积法在活性炭表面负载锆氧化物制备得到复合吸附剂载锆活性炭,并对其去除水中对硝基苯酚(PNP)和磷的性能进行评价。结果表明:载锆活性炭对PNP和磷的吸附效果优于未改性活性炭;Langmuir吸附等温模型均能很好地描述载锆活性炭对两种污染物的吸附过程;载锆活性炭对PNP和磷的吸附过程分别符合准二级动力学模型和准一级动力学模型;离子强度对载锆活性炭的吸附磷能力影响不大,说明载锆活性炭对磷具有较好的吸附选择性。PNP和磷共存时,载锆活性炭依然有较好的吸附性能,表明该复合吸附剂可用于同步去除水中的有机、无机污染物。使用5%(质量分数)氯化钠溶液和5%(质量分数)氢氧化钠溶液可对吸附饱和的载锆活性炭进行再生,通过多次循环实验后脱附率较高且稳定,说明载锆活性炭具有良好的再生潜能。     

高温载硫活性炭的制备及脱汞能力研究

研究了载硫温度、硫炭比(简称S/C),吸附温度等因素对载硫活性炭的硫含量、脱汞能力以及硫损失的影响,探讨载硫活性炭制备的工艺条件优化。结果表明,不同载硫温度下制备的载硫活性炭的气态Hg0吸附能力远强于原料活性炭;载硫温度不同时,负载到活性炭孔隙或表面上的硫的形态不同,导致了脱汞能力的差异,较合适的载硫温度为350℃;S/C为5%(质量分数,下同)时,随着吸附温度的升高,载硫活性炭的气态Hg0吸附量降低;在一定的载硫温度下,原料中S/C越高时,制备的载硫活性炭的硫含量越高、气态Hg0吸附能力越强,但其硫损失率也越高,从实际的使用效果来看,较合适的S/C为10%。     

微波加热及真空集成再生活性炭

吸附法油气回收技术中，吸附剂的再生是一个难点和研究重点。微波加热再生作为一种新技术，受到人们的广泛关注。运用正交实验，研究了微波功率、辐照时间、活性炭量和真空度对吸附了汽油油气的富活性炭的再生率和损耗率的影响，发现影响顺序为微波功率〉辐照时间〉活性炭量〉真空度。综合考虑各方面因素，得出实验的最优方案为微波功率300W、辐照时间240s、活性炭量4g、真空度O．06MPa。还研究了活性炭多次吸附一再生后平衡吸附率和表面结构的变化。结果表明，微波和真空法对活性炭的表面结构影响不大，有利于活性炭的多次循环利用。综合比较真空再生法、真空和加热再生法、微波和真空再生法的再生效果，结果表明，微波和真空再生法稳定性较好。     

微波辐照载甲苯活性炭升温研究

研究了微波功率、活性炭量和载气速度3个因素对载甲苯活性炭在微波场中升温行为的影响,并应用数值模拟,发现活性炭在微波场中的升温可以分为2个阶段,其中第1阶段升温较快,可以用线性关系式描述,而第2个阶段升温较缓慢,可以用对数函数描述.     

Ozone Injection into an Activated Carbon Bed to Remove Hydrogen Sulfide in the Presence of Concurrent Substances

ABSTRACT

Adsorption using activated carbon is one of the most reliable techniques for preventing odor by substances such as H₂S. Concurrent substances in effluent gas often reduce the removal capacity of activated carbon for H₂S. As a means of restoring capacity under such conditions, ozone injection into an activated carbon column was examined. When activated carbon was saturated with substances such as toluene, ethanol, n-butanol, or iso-butanol, its capacity to remove H₂S decreased in proportion to the amount of the saturating substance. Under such conditions, ozone injection greatly increased capacity. Toluene, which is not easily decomposed by ozone, was displaced by ozone and by oxidized products of H₂S. Ethanol, which is adsorbed in small amounts by activated carbon and easily decomposed by ozone, was removed by ozone injection. Butanols, which are also decomposed by ozone and adsorbed in large quantities by activated carbon, showed intermediate behavior between that of toluene and ethanol.     

Application of Fenton's reagent to regenerate activated carbon saturated with organochloro compounds

In this work Fenton's reagent was used to treat activated carbon saturated with organochloro compounds for the oxidation of the adsorbed contaminants and the regeneration of the carbon adsorbent. Activated carbon containing adsorbed chlorinated model substrates such as chlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene, chloroform or 1,2-dichloropropane was treated with Fenton's reagent at room temperature resulting in a rapid consumption of the organochloro compounds. Thermogravimetric, infrared, BET surface area and MIMS adsorption studies showed that Fenton's treatment has no significant effect on the physico-chemical properties of the activated carbon. The used carbon adsorbents can be efficiently regenerated and recycled with no loss of its adsorption capacity even after five consecutive treatments with Fenton's reagent.     

Ozone injection into an activated carbon bed to remove hydrogen sulfide in the presence of concurrent substances

Adsorption using activated carbon is one of the most reliable techniques for preventing odor by substances such as H2S. Concurrent substances in effluent gas often reduce the removal capacity of activated carbon for H2S. As a means of restoring capacity under such conditions, ozone injection into an activated carbon column was examined. When activated carbon was saturated with substances such as toluene, ethanol, n-butanol, or iso-butanol, its capacity to remove H2S decreased in proportion to the amount of the saturating substance. Under such conditions, ozone injection greatly increased capacity. Toluene, which is not easily decomposed by ozone, was displaced by ozone and by oxidized products of H2S. Ethanol, which is adsorbed in small amounts by activated carbon and easily decomposed by ozone, was removed by ozone injection. Butanols, which are also decomposed by ozone and adsorbed in large quantities by activated carbon, showed intermediate behavior between that of toluene and ethanol.     

Microwave Regeneration of Activated Carbon Used for Removal of Solvents from Vented Air

ABSTRACT

A microwave regeneration of activated carbon used to remove organic solvents from vented air has been investigated. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) vapors were removed from vented air through adsorption onto granular activated carbon. The saturated carbon was then regenerated in a microwave field, where the solvent was quickly desorbed and recovered from the inner pores of the carbon granules. The microwave-induced regeneration restored the original adsorption capacity and surface area of the activated carbon.     

活性炭吸附和脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气的研究

根据滑动弧放电等离子体适于降解高浓度有机物废气的特性,结合活性炭吸附法,提出了吸附器的吸附浓缩和热脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气的方法。在活性炭吸附过程中,最初2 h内甲苯净化率达到100%,随着时间的增加净化率下降;在热脱附滑动弧放电等离子体净化过程中,甲苯降解效率最高为97.3%。将滑动弧放电等离子体反应器出口气相产物收集进行FT-IR检测,发现放电后有CO2、CO、H2O和NO2产生,并分析了甲苯的降解机理。     

Microwave regeneration of activated carbon used for removal of solvents from vented air

A microwave regeneration of activated carbon used to remove organic solvents from vented air has been investigated. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) vapors were removed from vented air through adsorption onto granular activated carbon. The saturated carbon was then regenerated in a microwave field, where the solvent was quickly desorbed and recovered from the inner pores of the carbon granules. The microwave-induced regeneration restored the original adsorption capacity and surface area of the activated carbon.     

微波-活性炭联合作用在污染控制中的应用

近年来，微波技术被越来越多地应用于污染控制方面的研究，其中相当一部分工作是借助于微波与活性炭的相互作用，即利用活性炭在微波辐照下可快速升温的特性，获得较高反应温度，同时活性炭还具有较强的还原能力和催化作用，从而达到分解吸附在活性炭孔隙内部或与活性炭共存于同一体系中的污染物的目的。首先从活性炭在微波场中升温的角度探讨了微波辐照对活性炭的作用，并就微波活性炭联合作用在气态污染物处理、液态污染物处理、土壤污染修复以及活性炭为载体的催化剂制备等方面的研究进展进行了评述。     

改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中的PH3

通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法，研究了改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中PH₃的相关问题。得到了吸附反应的最佳吸附温度、氧含量、气体流量、改性液浓度、活性炭粒径和焙烧温度。再生方法可行，可通过再生液回收磷酸。热重差热分析和孔径分布初步证明吸附质为磷和磷氧化物。