CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs结构表征及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）负载的双组分复合半导体光催化剂CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs。通过透射电镜（TEM）、比表面分析（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）和紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-vis）等分析方法对光催化剂进行了结构表征,并考察了CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs对甲苯降解的光催化性能。结果表明：纳米活性粒子CdS-TiO2均匀负载于MWCNTs上,比表面积、光吸收阈值和强度增大,活性粒子间以及活性粒子与载体之间具有协同作用,有利于光催化性能的提高,CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs在主波长为254 nm紫外光照射下对甲苯的降解效果较好,去除率可达55.3%。     

基于BP神经网络的多壁碳纳米管复合CdS-TiO_2光催化剂优化合成研究

基于CdS-TiO2/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)光催化剂降解甲苯的正交实验数据,采用反向传播(BP)神经网络训练并建立了光催化剂合成条件设计的神经网络模型。以正交实验确定的4个主要影响因素作为输入层参数,以甲苯降解率作为输出层参数,将全部实验数据分为训练样本集和预测样本集。运行网络,系统误差为0.000 724,网络预测值与实验数据值相关系数达到0.989,说明该网络具有较好的训练精度及泛化能力。并利用训练好的神经网络预测得到CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs光催化剂的最佳合成条件:焙烧温度为460℃,MWCNTs复合量为1.5%(质量分数),活性组元摩尔比(TiO2/CdS)=80∶1,水加入量为12%(体积分数)。     

Mg-Al-LDHs复合促进CdS光催化剂的可见光催化活性

采用过饱和沉淀法制备了镁铝层状双氢氧化物(Mg-Al-LDHs)载体,并通过水热法将高分散纳米CdS粒子负载于其上,得到了可见光响应和高活性的CdS/Mg-Al-LDHs复合光催化材料。通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR、UV-Vis-DRS和BET等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,水热过程中,CdS纳米粒子的插层使Mg-Al-LDHs发生了剥离,由于剥离态Mg-AlLDHs较大的负载表面,与纯CdS纳米颗粒相比,负载的CdS纳米粒子的分散度较高、晶粒粒径较小且光吸收明显蓝移,这不仅增加了复合催化剂的活性位点,而且提高了负载CdS纳米粒子的光生电子-空穴对的氧化还原能力,从而使复合催化剂具有较高的反应活性。可见光条件下(λ420 nm),CdS/Mg-Al-LDHs复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的活性明显高于纯CdS,当CdS的负载量为50%时,降解MB的活性与纯CdS相比提高了2.4倍。     

漂浮负载型光催化剂制备及降解草甘膦研究

以漂珠(FP)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了漂浮负载型CdS/TiO2/FP复合膜光催化剂,通过SEM、XRD对其结构进行了表征.以甘草膦农药的光催化降解为模型反应,使用不同光源研究了CdS/TiO2/FP的光催化性能,探讨了影响催化剂活性的因素及采用太阳光做光源处理草甘膦的可行性.结果表明,经4层镀膜500℃热处理的20%(w/w)CdS/TiO2/FP光催化剂具有良好的光催化性能,最佳降解条件为:催化剂加入量3 g/L,初始pH 7～9,Fe2 浓度为2.0×10-3 mol/L.通气量200 mL/min.在最佳条件下,对135 mg/L草甘膦溶液降解率可以分别达到96.3%(125 W高压汞灯,60 min)和82.4%(太阳光,180 min).     

纳米TiO2/EP光催化降解罗丹明B废水的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出可漂浮于水面的膨胀珍珠岩(EP)负载型TiO2,研究其在水中对罗丹明B(RB)的去除效果、吸附降解动力学以及最佳工艺条件,并研究其多次回收再生后的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高,回收5次后活性变化很小,降解率下降不到8%;光催化剂用量为0.2 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L和15mg/L RB溶液光照6 h后降解率分别达98%和74%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应可用一级反应动力学方程描述。     

Ag/TiO2-SiO2的制备及其光催化降解有机污染物的研究

结合溶胶凝胶法和光还原法制备了Ag/TiO2-SiO2光催化材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N2吸附-脱附曲线、紫外—可见漫反射等测试技术对材料形貌、结构等进行了表征,并测试了其对2×10-5 mol/L亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液及实际废水的光催化降解性能。结果表明,适量的Ag负载可有效提高材料的光催化活性。以Ag负载量为5%(质量分数)的Ag/TiO2-SiO2(记为TS-A5)为例,TS-A5与商用光催化剂P25相比具有更优越的可见光催化活性;在500 W氙灯做为光源条件下,5次重复使用后TS-A5对MB仍能保持较高的光催化活性,应用于实际废水中可使其COD明显下降,表明该材料具有较好的实际应用潜力。     

不同材料负载Ani/TiO2光降解印染废水

使用常见的工业材料:玻璃、铝片和镍网为载体,苯胺(Ani)作为氮掺杂剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法,制备了不同材料负载Ani/TiO2,并研究其在降解以酸性品红模拟的印染废水的光催化氧化性能。结果表明,玻璃、铝片和镍网负载Ani/TiO2最佳N/Ti值分别为0.250、0.040和0.040,并验证了N掺杂TiO2在日光利用方面的优势,提高了光催化剂的实际应用性;最佳pH值均为6～8;最佳处理初始浓度分别为10、12和12 mg/L;其光催化活性都会随着溶液深度的增加而降低;氧化剂硝酸铁的最佳投加浓度均为0.5×10-5到1.0×10-5mol/L;综合来看,玻璃负载Ani/TiO2的活性最高,铝片负载Ani/TiO2次之,镍网负载Ani/TiO2最差。     

Ag~+-TiO_2/AC复合材料的可见光吸附-光催化协同作用

采用水热法制备活性炭负载银掺杂纳米Ti O2复合材料(Ag+-Ti O2/AC),对样品进行了TEM、XRD、FT-IR和UV-Vis表征,分析了Ag+-Ti O2/AC的微结构、吸收谱特性和掺杂银离子后的半导体带隙变化,并研究了其在可见光下对甲基橙溶液(MO)的降解性能。结果表明,水热法不需要高温处理即可得到高活性的锐钛矿相纳米Ti O2,Ag+掺杂和AC负载均明显提高Ti O2光催化剂的光催化活性,在可见光下光照180 min,0.2 g/L的Ag+-Ti O2/AC对10 mg/L的甲基橙溶液的降解率为73.7%,主要由于存在持续的活性炭局域强吸附-Ti O2光催化降解协同作用,明显提高了甲基橙的降解效率。     

光催化降解模拟室内挥发性有机污染物研究

用浸渍-提拉法制备玻璃弹簧负载型TiO2薄膜催化剂,在自制的反应器中进行光催化降解由丙酮、甲苯、对二甲苯组成的模拟室内挥发性有机污染物VOCs研究.研究发现:催化剂中掺杂金属离子能影响催化剂的降解效果,降解效果依次为掺铈TiO2＞纯TiO2＞掺银TiO2;气体流量显著影响降解效果,丙酮、甲苯和对二甲苯的最佳降解流量分别为3、5、7 L/min;混合气体中非对称性的极性分子的降解效率高于对称性分子,导致丙酮、对二甲苯组分降解率降低,甲苯降解率增高.     

负载工艺对ACF担载二氧化钛光催化性能的影响

采用分散液中添加环氧树脂黏结剂并进行热处理的方法,制备出活性炭纤维(ACF)担载二氧化钛光催化材料。并对光催化材料的表面形貌和孔结构进行表征,评价复合光催化材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解性能。重点探讨了负载方式、负载时间以及光催化剂的添加量等方面对光催化活性的影响。研究表明,当采用浸渍方式、负载时间控制在15 min左右、光催化剂添加量达11 g/L时,ACF/TiO2光催化复合材料中光催化剂负载量最佳,在15%左右,对亚甲基蓝(初始浓度为50 mg/L)的降解效果最好,在2 h内可以达到90%。     

Cu/La共掺杂TiO2光催化氧化水中的氨氮

采用水解-沉淀法制备了Cu/La共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂,利用XRD、XPS和BET技术对其进行表征,并考察了在紫外灯下,共掺杂TiO2对氨氮的光催化氧化工艺条件。物相结构和比表面积测试结果表明,共掺杂催化剂具有较好的锐钛矿晶型,孔径分布为4～8 nm,Cu/La共掺杂TiO2La以La3+,Cu是以Cu2+、Cu+的形式掺杂进入TiO2的晶格。光催化实验表明:所得改性光催化剂对氨氮的去除及焦化废水的处理均具有较高的催化活性。     

Photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by synthesized TiO2-MWCNT composites under 365nm UV irradiation

Degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is of great importance due to its global distribution, persistence and toxicity to bioorganisms. In present study, a composite TiO₂ with multiple wall carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) was synthesized using sol-gel method and it was used as photocatalyst to degrade PFOA in water. The prepared composite catalyst displayed significant absorption in UV to visible light region. The loading content of TiO₂ on MWCNTs could be adjusted by changing the ratio of precursor to MWCNTs. Due to the combined effect of the adsorption ability and e⁻ transport capacity of MWCNT, the composites displayed much higher photocatalytic ability to PFOA as compared to pure TiO₂ under UV irradiation. The photocatalyst prepared with 10:1 of tetrabutyl titanate/MWCNT was the most effective. With the optimal dosage at 1.6 g L⁻¹, almost 100% of PFOA was degraded in acid medium after irradiation for 8 h. It was proposed that PFOA were mainly degraded by stepwise losing a moiety of CF₂.     

H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，空心微珠为载体，采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO₂/beads光催化剂载体，然后浸渍法制备出H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂，并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析。研究了H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性，考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响。实验结果表明，在中性条件下，H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L，浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%。     

Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene over Ag-doping TiO₂ nanotube powder prepared by anodization coupled with impregnation method

In this work, Ag-doping TiO₂ nanotubes were prepared and employed as the photocatalyst for the degradation of toluene. The TiO₂ nanotube powder was produced by the rapid-breakdown potentiostatic anodization of Ti foil in chloride-containing electrolytes, and then doped with Ag through an incipient wetness impregnation method. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface photovoltage measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and N₂ adsorption. The nanotubular TiO₂ photocatalysts showed an outer diameter of approximately 40 nm, fine mesoporous structure and high specific surface area. The photocatalytic activity of Ag-doping TiO₂ nanotube powder was evaluated through photooxidation of gaseous toluene. The results indicated that the degradation efficiency of toluene could get 98% after 4 h reaction using the Ag-doping TiO₂ nanotubes as the photocatalyst under UV light illumination, which was higher than that of the pure TiO₂ nanotubes, Ag-doping P25 or P25. Benzaldehyde species could be observed during the photocatalytic oxidation monitored by in situ FTIR, and the formed benzaldehyde intermediate during reaction would be partially oxidized into CO₂ and H₂O.     

Preparation,characterization, and photocatalytic activity evaluation of Fe–N-codoped TiO2/fly ash cenospheres floating photocatalyst

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and Fe–N-codoped TiO₂ layers on fly ash cenospheres (FAC) as floating photocatalyst were successfully prepared through sol–gel method. Photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet (UV)–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and nitrogen adsorption analyses for Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area. Photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared catalyst was evaluated through using the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model compound under visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic activity and kinetics of catalyst under visible light were detected in details from different Fe/Ti mole ratios by detecting photodegradation of RhB. Experimental results show that when the calcination temperature was 550 °C, the dosage of FAC was 3.0 g, and the mole ratio of Fe/Ti was 0.71 %; the synthesized Fe–N-TiO₂/FAC photocatalyst presented as anatase phase and that N and Fe ions were doped into TiO₂ lattice. The material’s specific surface area was 34.027 m²/g, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows that the edge of the photon absorption has been red shifted up to 400–500 nm. Fe–N-codoped titanium dioxide on FAC had excellent photocatalytic activity during the process of photodegradation of RhB under visible light irradiation.

     

碳纳米管/二氧化钛/壳聚糖催化薄膜光催化活性及苯降解机理

通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外可见光漫反射谱(UV-vis)对碳纳米管/二氧化钛/壳聚糖复合薄膜的晶体结构和形貌进行表征,以室内空气典型污染物气相苯为模型反应物,研究碳纳米管/二氧化钛/壳聚糖催化薄膜的光催化活性及其对苯的光降解机理。结果表明,制备的碳纳米管/二氧化钛/壳聚糖催化薄膜所具有的良好催化活性归功于碳纳米管、二氧化钛和壳聚糖三者的协调效应;气相苯光降解产生的主要中间产物是乙酸乙酯和十一烷,以及少量的丙烯醛、4-羰基-甲基-苯乙酮、十二烷烃、2,4,-二叔丁基苯酚、二十一烷烃。根据红外光谱分析与GC/MS分析结果,进一步提出了气相苯的降解机理过程。     

Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide pendimethalin using nanoparticles of BaTiO3/TiO2 prepared by gel to crystalline conversion method: A kinetic approach

Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide, pendimethalin (PM) was investigated with BaTiO₃/TiO₂ UV light system in the presence of peroxide and persulphate species in aqueous medium. The nanoparticles of BaTiO₃ and TiO₂ were obtained by gel to crystallite conversion method. These photo catalysts are characterized by energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm and reflectance spectral studies. The quantum yields for TiO₂ and BaTiO₃ for the degradation reactions are 3.166 Einstein m^?2 s^?1 and 2.729 Einstein m^?2 s^?1 and catalytic efficiencies are 6.0444 × 10^?7 mg^?2h^?1L² and 5.403 × 10^?7 mg^?2h^?1L², respectively as calculated from experimental results. BaTiO₃ exhibited comparable photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of pendimethalin as the most widely used TiO₂ photocatalyst. The persulphate played an important role in enhancing the rate of degradation of pendimethalin when compared to hydrogen peroxide. The degradation process of pendimethalin followed the first-order kinetics and it is in agreement with Langmuir-Hinshelwood model of surface mechanism. The reason for high stability of pendimethalin for UV-degradation even in the presence of catalyst and oxidizing agents were explored. The higher rate of degradation was observed in alkaline medium at pH 11. The degradation process was monitored by spectroscopic techniques such as ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (IR) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The major intermediate products identified were: N-propyl-2-nitro-6-amino-3, 4-xylidine, (2, 3-dimethyl-5-nitro-6-hydroxy amine) phenol and N-Propyl-3, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitroaniline by GC-MS analysis and the probable reaction mechanism has been proposed based on these products.     

Photocatalytic Degradation of the Herbicide Erioglaucine in the Presence of Nanosized Titanium Dioxide: Comparison and Modeling of Reaction Kinetics

The present work mainly deals with photocatalytic degradation of a herbicide, erioglaucine, in water in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles (Degussa P-25) under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination (30 W). The degradation rate of erioglaucine was not so high when the photolysis was carried out in the absence of TiO₂ and it was negligible in the absence of UV light. We have studied the influence of the basic photocatalytic parameters such as pH of the solution, amount of TiO₂, irradiation time and initial concentration of erioglaucine on the photodegradation efficiency of erioglaucine. A kinetic model is applied for the photocatalytic oxidation by the UV/TiO₂ system. Experimental results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation process could be explained in terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constant, K, and the second order kinetic rate constant, k, were 0.116 ppm^{? 1} and 0.984 ppm min^{? 1}, respectively. In this work, we also compared the reactivity between the commercial TiO₂ Degussa P-25 and a rutile TiO₂. The photocatalytic activities of both photocatalysts were tested using the herbicide solution. We have noticed that photodegradation efficiency was different between both of them. The higher photoactivity of Degussa P-25 compared to that of rutile TiO₂ for the photodegradation of erioglaucine may be due to higher hydroxyl content, higher surface area, nano-size and crystallinity of the Degussa P-25. Our results also showed that the UV/TiO₂ process with Degussa P-25 as photocatalyst was appropriate as the effective treatment method for removal of erioglaucine from a real wastewater. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic degradation of erioglaucine was lower with Degussa P-25 than in the presence of rutile TiO₂.     

Relationship between Pd oxidation states on TiO2 and the photocatalytic oxidation behaviors of nitric oxide

This study has been undertaken to investigate the relationship between Pd oxidation states on TiO₂ photocatalysts and their photocatalytic oxidation behaviors of NO. Three types of Pd-modified TiO₂ with different Pd oxidation states were prepared by wet impregnation method, neutralization method and photodeposition method, respectively. And these Pd-modified photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis (XPS), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). It was found from XPS results that the dominant oxidation states of Pd on these Pd-modified TiO₂ catalysts were Pd²⁺, PdO, and Pd⁰, respectively. NO-TPD results showed that the NO adsorption capacity was improved greatly by the modification of Pd²⁺ ions. The activity tests showed that Pd-modified TiO₂ by a wet impregnation method increased photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO₂ (Degussa P25). It was concluded that Pd²⁺ ions on as-prepared TiO₂ catalysts provided key contributions to the improvement of photocatalytic activity. However, Pd⁰ and PdO deposits on TiO₂ almost had no positive effect on NO oxidation. The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of NO in gas phase over Pd-modified TiO₂ was also proposed.