福建东山湾水质状况分析与污染防治对策

该文以ＤＩＮ、ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ、ＣＯＤ和ＤＯ为化学指标参数，分析１９９４－１９９８年东山海域有机质污染和营养类型。结果表明，东山湾湾顶区水质总体上属于中度污染，内湾区属于轻度污染水体３０％时段处于富营养化状态，ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ是主要污染因子。根据污染特征，分析了影响水质的因素，并在此基础上，提出相应的防治措施。     

广西廉州湾水质状况评价

根据1996-2000年5a对廉州湾枯、丰两期水质监测资料，以DIN、DIP、COD和DO作为化学参数，分析了该海湾有机污染和营养类型。结果表明，海域水质呈高N低P状态，水质基本上属于中度污染，处于富营养化状态。其枯、丰水期水质主要与陆源排污和河流输入有关。     

象山港海域水质状况评价

根据１９９４－１９９８年５ａ对象山港平、丰二期水质监督测资料，以ＤＩＮ、ＤＩＰ、ＣＯＤ和ＤＯ作为化学指标参数，分析了该港湾有机质污染和营养类型。并从各个监测时段，监测频次、监测站位、监测层次分析了水质变化趋势，同时对陆源排污和水生浮游植物进行了相关分析。     

洱海水质分析及综合评价

本文择取整理了１９８０－１９９０年洱海水质监测资料，选用ＰＨ值，溶解氧、ＢＯＤ５高锰酸盐指数、ＴＮ和ＴＰ６个项目，分析和综合评价洱海水质在枯，丰，平不同水文期的质量及变化规律。洱海水质在平水期属Ⅰ类，丰水期属Ⅱ类，枯水期属Ⅲ类。     

马鞍列岛保护区海域水环境质量分区评价

根据2012~2013年马鞍列岛保护区丰水期、平水期、枯水期3季的水质监测结果,利用富营养化指数(E)、营养状态质量指数(NQI)、有机污染指数(A),对水质富营养化程度和有机污染状况进行了分析。结果表明:水质COD、DO含量符合第一类水质标准,DIP含量基本符合第二类水质标准,而DIN含量超标严重;在丰、平两水期,各评价因子含量差异性比较明显,而枯水期则基本接近。该海域富营养化和有机污染较严重,不同季节均呈现富营养化,有机污染在平、枯两水期为中度污染状态,而丰水期则为严重污染状态,污染程度均为丰水期 枯水期 平水期;从分区上看,B、C、D 3个功能分区所处的中西部海域水质富营养化和有机污染最严重,A区(石斑鱼资源保护区)所处的北部海域居中,而E区(生态养殖区)所处的东南部海域相对最轻。     

莆田木兰溪感潮段浮游植物群落结构与污染关系

对木兰溪感潮河段枯、丰、平三期水质状况和浮游植物群落结构进行综合分析，探讨了浮游植物群落结构分布特征与水质污染之间的关系。     

厦门杏林湾水库水质污染分析

以ｐＨ、ＤＯ、ＣＯＤＭｎ、ＢＯＤ５、ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ、ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ、ＯＩＬ为参评因子，采用超标分类评价法，分析了杏林湾水库近７年水质污染状况。结果表明：１９９１年、１９９３年、１９９６年杏林湾水库水质类别为Ｖ类，其余４年为Ⅳ类。通过杏林湾水库周边污染源状况分析表明，面源污染是水库主要污染来源。     

象山港环境监测总结评价

文中介绍了１９７８￣１９９４年象山港水体中水温、水色、透明度、水深及ｐＨ、溶解氧（ＤＯ）、化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）、汞（Ｈｇ）、铜（Ｃｕ）、铅（Ｐｂ）、锌（Ｚｎ）、硫化物、油类、六六六、ＤＤＴ、磷酸盐（ＰＯ４＾３－）、氨氮（ＮＨ３－Ｎ）、硝酸盐氮（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）、亚硝酸盐氮（ＮＯ２－Ｎ）等要素连续监测数据，评价了十七年来水质污染状况及污染变化趋势。７０￣８０年代，油类污染是象山港的主要污染物。１９８４￣     

京杭运河徐州段的水质模型研究

根据京杭运河徐州段水污染的特点，建立了包括ＢＯＤ５、ＮＨ３－Ｎ、酚和ＤＯ４项水质组分的多元耦合氧平衡水质模型及ＣＯＤ衰减经验模型。     

嫩江齐齐哈尔江段富区断面水质评价

本文对嫩江齐齐哈尔江段富区断面水质污染状况进行评价分析,以便更好的掌握各种污染物对富区段面丰、枯、平水期的污染状况,更好的控制污染物的排放.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.