活性硅酸聚合硫酸铁的研究

以硅酸钠，硫酸和聚合硫酸铁为原料制备活性硅酸合硫酸铁，测定了ＡＳＰＦＳ红外光谱，了Ｆｅ／Ｓｉ摩尔比和水样ＰＨ值等因素对产品和除浊效果的影响当Ｆｅ／Ｓｉ摩尔比为１．５时产品稳定性和除浊效果均较好。     

新型无机高分子絮凝剂含铁聚硅酸的研制及其性能

以水玻璃,无机酸和氯化铁为原料制备了含铁聚硅酸（ＦＰＳ）,对其制备过程中的基干问题因素进行了研究,结果表明,以活化时间１ｈ,Ｆｅ,Ｓｉ比为１时,所制备的ＦＰＳ具最佳混凝性能,同时对其混凝特性进行了初步研究,表明ＦＰＳ具有较宽的ｐＨ适用范围,并且形成絮体速度快,絮体结实粗大,与聚合铁进行了混凝对比表明,ＦＰＳ具有更优的混凝除浊性能。     

絮凝剂PFCS的制备及其性能研究

利用Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＨＣｌ混酸溶解轧钢废钢渣的溶出液作原料,制成一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯硫酸铁。试验了它的絮凝性能,并与聚全硫酸铁的絮凝效果进行了比较。实验结果表明：ＰＦＣＳ在ｐＨ＝６－９的范围内具有良好的絮凝去浊性能;絮凝条件相同,将浊工为４２５度的黄河水样处理至５度以下,ＰＦＣＳ的投用量仅需１０ｍｇ／Ｌ,而ＰＦＳ的投用量至少需２５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

几种常用无机混凝剂处理印染废水试验及评述

通过常用无机混凝剂ＰＦＳ、ＰＡＣ、ＦｅＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ及Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３．１８Ｈ２Ｏ处理印染废水试验，确定各自的最佳混凝处理条件。在最佳条件下，４种混凝剂对印染废水都有一定的处理效果。经成本等指标比较后，推荐ＰＦＳ为印染废水处理的适宜混凝剂。     

聚硅氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂的混凝性能

研究Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比及制备工艺对聚硅氯化铝（ＰＡＳＣ）混凝效果的影响,比较ＰＡＳＣ和聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）的混凝效果．结果表明,ＰＡＳＣ较ＰＡＣ混凝效果好．Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比和制备工艺对ＰＡＳＣ的混凝效果有影响．用共聚法制备的ＰＡＳＣ（共）,Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比降低,其混凝效果提高,但复合法制备的ＰＡＳＣ（复）,Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比过高或过低,均不利于其混凝效果的提高,ＰＡＳＣ（共）的混凝效果稍优于ＰＡＳＣ（复）的混凝效果．     

中和絮凝法去除矿坑废水中Mn,Fe的研究

采用石灰乳中和，聚合氯化铝铁（ＰＡＦＣ）絮凝沉降方法对煤矿矿坑废水中的Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ进行了去除试验研究，在选定的操作条件下，处理后，矿坑废水中的Ｍｎ的去除率≥９７％，Ｆｅ的去除率≥８６％，ＳＳ的去除率≥９５％，通过对中和吸附，絮凝沉降ＭｎＦｅ的机理分析，认为ＰＡＦＣ在ｐＨ〈９．０时ζ电位由正变负的电中和作用是确保处理后水体ｐＨ≤９．０；（Ｍｎ＾２＋）≤０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ；（Ｆｅ＾３＋）≤０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ的前     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的应用基础研究

本文采用共聚与复合两种制备工艺 ,研制出了系列具有不同碱化度（Ｂ）和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝（简称ＰＡＳＣ）混凝剂。应用多种化学分析方法及现代仪器分析测试技术 ,如ｐＨ滴定法、光子相关光谱（ＰＣＳ）、超滤膜过滤法、Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法、２７Ａｌ-ＮＭＲ法、２９Ｓｉ-ＮＭＲ法红外光谱分析、流动电流（ＳＣ）及微电泳测定技术、透射电镜技术、烧杯实验等对ＰＡＳＣ的水解 -聚合历程、聚集体大小与结构形貌、形态分布及转化规律、聚硅酸与铝水解产物间的相互情况、电动特性、残留铝含量及混凝机理等进行了全面深入地综合分析研究。试验了ＰＡＳＣ混凝处理由高岭土和腐殖酸配制的模拟水的除浊和脱色效果 ,试验了ＰＡＳＣ混凝处理黄河水、水库水、炼油厂含油废水和油田含油污水的效果。研究结果表明 :在ＰＡＳＣ中 ,聚硅酸与铝的水解产物间存在着相互作用 ,这种相互作用对铝的水解 -聚合历程、水解聚合物的大小及结构形貌、形态分布及转化规律、带电特性以及混凝效果等都有不同程度影响 ;与聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）相比 ,ＰＡＳＣ具有较高分子量 ,稍低的正电荷 ,较低的Ａｌａ 和Ａｌｂ 含量 ,较高的Ａｌｃ 含量 ,较低的残留铝含量 ,较宽的ｐＨ值适用范围和较好的混凝效果 ;制备方     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂除油效果的试验

制备不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝作为混凝剂，实验考察了Ｂ，Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比及ＰＨ值对除油效果的影响，并考察了ＰＡＳＣ去除ＣＯＤ的效果。结果表明，Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较大，随Ｂ值增大，除油效果提高；Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较小；     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的形态及带电特性研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＯＨ、盐酸和水玻璃为原料制备了不同碱化度（Ｂ）及不同Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝混凝剂（ＰＡＳＣ）,采用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和微电泳技术研究了ＰＡＳＣ中铝的水解产物形态分布及铝的水解沉淀物的带电特性,考察了Ｂ及Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ中铝水解产物形态分布及带电特性的影响情况,并与聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）进行了比较,实验结果表明,Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ的形态分布有较大     

FeSO4水溶液吸收脱硫及其影响因素的研究

介绍一种以ＦｅＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ作吸收剂,烟气中ＳＯ２为原料合成污水处理药剂－聚俣硫酸铁的新脱硫工艺,克服石灰法脱硫效率低,副产品无市场等缺点,研究了温度,吸收液的回流比,Ｆｅ离子浓度,ＰＨ对脱硫效率影响。实验表明,较高的温度和较高的ｐＨ值有利于提高脱硫效率,铁离子对ＳＯ２有催化作用,回流比应控制在适当的范围之内。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.