岩石可钻性与分形性关系研究

通过钻井中破碎岩石的能耗分析,应用分形性岩石力学理论,并利用不同种类岩石的可钻性与其在钻井过程中钻头破碎岩屑的粒度分布,建立了钻井中钻头不同可钻性岩石破碎的分形模型,并详细分析了影响钻进的因素.该模型显示出,同一种类、同一种可钻性的岩石,在钻压、转速等钻井参数一定的条件下,破碎出来的岩屑的粒度分布成比例的变化.该模型的建立不仅可以用来优选钻头和钻井参数,并且可以在钻井过程中识别地层的岩性,是一种较为有效的随钻测量方法.该模型的优点在于,测量数据较为精准,并且测量过程中不要求停钻,起下钻和下放工具.此外钻井过程中产生的钻屑等固体废弃物的处理也愈发受到重视.     

某大斜度井三开井段卡钻事故分析

在大斜度定向井和水平井的钻进过程中,岩屑颗粒极易下沉形成岩屑床,对后续钻进造成很大的困难。冀东油田某大斜度井在三开钻井中即因岩屑床过厚而发生卡钻事故,分析此次卡钻事故原因对类似钻井中避免卡钻事故具有重要的意义。本文基于岩屑床厚度评价模型在解决卡钻事故中有着广泛的应用,运用钻井液流体动力学建立了同心环空和偏心环空的岩屑床厚度理论模型,在此基础上对各参数进行了修正从而得到岩屑床厚度经验模型,并运用此模型对该井岩屑床厚度进行了计算,得出钻井液排量不够大和钻井液携岩性能不理想是导致此次卡钻事故的主要原因。针对事故原因,提出了优选钻井液排量、提高环空返速和合理选用钻井液流型及流变参数等解决方案,并介绍了该井的解卡过程。     

伊朗阿旺2井钻井过程异常情况处理

叙述了位于伊朗中伊朗盆地的阿旺2井钻井过程中的异常情况,包括气侵、盐水侵、轻微溢流以及应对措施.实施情况表明,在首先保证全井安全的情况下,采用分段压井、近平衡钻进等方法在该地区进行施工,钻井施工会顺利进行.     

东濮凹陷文西地区岩性油气藏勘探方法初探

随着构造油气藏的全面勘探,岩性油气藏已成为渤海湾盆地内各大油田进一步展开勘探的重要对象。本文根据对东濮凹陷文西地区文248块和文6块的地层、构造,以及油气水关系的综合研究,结合隐蔽油气藏勘探的原理,提出了岩性油气藏勘探的新方法———“滚动勘探法”,并已经在文西地区进行了应用,预计将取得较好的效果。     

百重7井区钻井液对地下水的污染特性研究

百重7井区有丰富的地下水资源，为了考察钻井过程中钻井液对地下水的污染程度，我们对钻井液对地下水的污染特性进行了研究。研究结果表明，在钻井过程中由于进入地下水水层中的污染物总量很小，同时由于所使用的钻井液添加剂的可生化性较好和生物毒性小，进入地下水水层的污染物不会对水源构成严重危害。另外由于地层有一定的自我净化能力，地下水水质不会因钻井而出现较大的变化。     

临兴区块小井眼井钻井设计关键技术

临兴区块已进入大开发阶段,目前采用的常规井眼井身结构钻井存在机械钻速慢、工期长、岩屑量大等问题,为了解决这些问题,并进一步降本增效,在临兴区块开展了小井眼钻井试验。对小井眼钻井进行研究和设计,主要包括小井眼钻头和钻具组合优化设计、小井眼钻井液体系优选、小井眼固井方法优化设计,形成了临兴小井眼钻井设计技术。经过现场5口井的试验,取得了良好的应用效果,与常规井眼井身结构相比,工期缩短约40%,岩屑排放量减少约50%,套管消耗量减少约20%;固井水泥用量减少约50%;钻井液用量减少约30%。现场作业表明,小井眼钻井设计技术适合临兴区块小井眼钻井作业。     

金刚石钻进规程的实验室模拟及参数校核

金刚石钻进的钻进规程决定了钻进效率和钻头的使用寿命，也决定了钻进的安全性、可靠性和经济效益。因此，选择最佳的钻进规程尤其重要。本文通过智能微钻实验台对金刚石钻进的模拟钻进参数及其变化曲线、参数值，以及对应的钻进速度、进尺变化曲线、参数值进行分析，得到相应岩石条件下的最优钻进规程。     

人工神经网络模型在石油资源预测中的应用

锦270井区大凌河油层是盆地大幅度沉降条件下的产物，以深陷湖环境为主，发育湖底扇浊积岩。准确预测大凌河油层的砂体分布和泥质含量，是勘探目标选择的关键。由于钻井资料少，不能反映储层横向变化。为了准确预测储层的横向变化，综合钻井地质资料和地震勘探资料，并为了反映地震资料的多个参数与储层横向变化间的非线性相关关系，采用人工神经网络模型进行预测，计算了大凌河油层砂层厚度和泥质含量的平面分布。依据计算结果，分析了有利油气区的分布，并给出了几点结论。     

石油开采的环境因素分析

石油开采是即地震勘探、钻井完井交井以后,将原油从地层中开采出来进入油气集输系统的一个重要的资源能源行业.在国民经济中具有举足轻重的作用.从我国现有油田的情况来看,绝大多数不具备充足的天然能量补给条件,而且油田本身的能量不足以长期维持采油的需要.在工业高速发展,对能源的需求逐年增加的今天,保持科学的较高的采油速度和较高的原油采收率尤为重要.     

柳树箐磷石膏渣场地下水水质变化跟踪监测与管理分析

根据柳树箐磷石膏渣场区域的地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性及水文地质条件,分析地下水监测井布置及监测层位的合理性,提出在渣场南侧邻谷桃树箐增设地下水监测井的建议。通过对各监测井水质变化情况进行跟踪监测,分析渣场区域地下水受污染范围和程度,为渣场下游各厂区及白塔村水井的水质安全提供依据,预防环境风险的发生。     

油气田钻井废弃物的处理原则和工艺

介绍了油气田钻井废弃物的处理原则和工艺 ,对废弃泥浆、岩屑注入地层技术和钻屑热解析进行了详细分析     

基于层次分析法的钻井井塌卡钻事故分析研究

研究分析了钻井井塌卡钻事故的成因机理及其危害性,运用因果图分析法从影响井塌卡钻的地质因素、工艺因素、人为因素及管理因素等方面进行了定性系统分析。在此基础上结合层次分析法的数学理论,建立井塌卡钻事故模型,对井塌卡钻事故的致因因素权重进行计算确定,并进行一致性检验,判断计算结果的科学性,对所有致因因素权重进行排序比较,从而最终确定井塌卡钻的关键因素,分梯次进行预防,为现场施工和管理提供科学的决策依据．     

黄骅坳陷孔古4井原油的成因探讨

通过对黄骅孔古4井上古生界原油的地球化学特征及其与石炭系煤系烃源岩的亲缘关系研究,特别是与奥陶系原油、灰岩、下第三系原油饱和烃的甾、萜烷精细“指纹”对比研究后,我们认为孔古4井原油应属于上古生界煤系地层自生自储的原生油气藏,而并非下第三系抑或下古生界碳酸盐岩所生。孔古4井上古生界原生油气藏的发现对于华北地区特别是华北北部黄骅坳陷上古生界煤系地层的油气勘探具有重要意义。     

Assessing the Performance of a Magnetostrictive-Actuated Tool Holder to Achieve Axial Modulations with Application to Dry Deep Hole Drilling

For machining operations such as drilling and tapping, the challenge of achieving dry machining is difficult due to the significant role that cutting fluid plays in lubrication and chip removal. A new approach for dry deep hole drilling of aluminum is presented. This new method utilizes a magnetostrictively actuated tool holder to modulate the axial position of a drill tip and thus vary the chip size. Under appropriate modulation conditions, small chips are produced that are relatively easy to evacuate through the drill flutes. The development of the magnetostrictive tool holder system is described and its performance is evaluated. The results of drilling tests performed with the magnetostrictive tool holder system are reported, and the new tool holder is demonstrated to offer promise as an alternative to drilling with a cutting fluid.     

Tool wear of coated drills in drilling CFRP

This study aimed to investigate the wear of certain coated drills when drilling carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP). Three different drills were used in the drilling experiments: uncoated, diamond coated and AlTiN coated carbide (WC–Co) drills. The tool wear in CFRP machining was quite different from that in conventional metal machining. The primary wear type was a dulling or blunting of the cutting edge, which has been referred to as edge rounding wear or edge recession. In this paper, a hypothesis has been developed to explain the edge rounding wear in CFRP machining. Due to the fracture-based chip formation of CFRP, there is lack of the work material stagnation zone in front of the cutting edge, which normally prevents the edge wear in metal machining. Series of wear lead to rapid dulling of the cutting edge. The resistance to edge rounding wear on the coated as well as uncoated drills has been investigated. The diamond coating significantly reduces the edge rounding wear. However, AlTiN coated drills showed no visible improvement over the uncoated carbide drill, despite of their high hardness, thus not protecting the drill. The wear mechanisms of the uncoated carbide drill and coatings are discussed. It is believed that the 2-body and 3-body abrasive wear fail to explain the observed tool wear in CFRP drilling. However, the wear of the coatings and uncoated carbide substrate from tribo-meter tests correlated well with the tool wear in the CFRP drilling. Therefore, the tribo-meter test can be used to screen the prospective tool materials before carrying drilling experiment.     

A new approach to predicting the maximum temperature in dry drilling based on a finite element model

A new analysis approach is developed to predict the temperature in dry drilling. The working rake angle and the working relief angle which the effect of feed is considered at an arbitrary point in the leading cutting edge of a twist drill are developed for the equivalent model. Then finite element models are developed to predict the drilling temperature based on the equivalent model. Commercial finite element codes Abaqus, Deform 2D and Third Wave Systems AdvantEdge have been used. In simulations, different chip separation models and material models are applied in the three codes. And the effect of the laws of drilling velocities and feed rates on the temperature are investigated by the finite element method. Predicted results of the maximum temperatures by three codes are compared with experiments, respectively. Results indicate that the drilling temperature results of simulations have good agreement to the experimental ones, and the errors are all less than 15%.     

Burr Formation in Drilling Intersecting Holes with Machinable Austempered Ductile Iron (MADI™)

This paper presents an investigation of the burr formation for a new material, machinable austempered ductile iron (MADI™), while drilling intersecting holes in the presence of tool wear. A factorial design is used to evaluate the effects of drill point angle and helix angle as well as feed rate and cutting speed on the burr width and height at both curved and flat hole exit conditions. The result indicates the presence of a complex interrelationship among these four variables, particularly the interaction between helix and point angle and its influence on drill corner wear and, hence, burr geometry. Burrs are considerably larger at the flat exit condition. Further experiments were conducted in a central composite design scheme to develop second-order polynomial models of the burr width and height. The result suggests that burr width and height can be reduced by using larger helix and smaller point angles. The result further demonstrates that the somewhat unique work-hardening characteristic of MADI™ during machining can lead to smaller burrs when smaller chiploads are used, regardless of the drill helix and point angles.     

大功率激电在承德槽子沟金矿勘查中的应用

应用大功率激电法对深部隐伏矿体的探测是一种行之有效的方法。通过激电中梯对承德槽子沟金矿区进行激电面积性测量,圈定出与金矿伴生的金属硫化物及氧化物引起的激电异常分布区带,利用激电测深查明地下极化异常体的展布,而后结合已知地质、物性资料布置验证钻孔,并取得了较好的勘查效果。本文总结出利用大功率激电方法勘查隐伏金矿的行之有效工作模式,该找矿模式可广泛应用于同类隐伏金矿的勘探之中,必将有力提高物探方法寻找隐伏金矿的勘探水平。     

油基岩屑焚烧过程中钡的转化与环境风险研究

油基岩屑焚烧处置技术已被广泛应用,为探究油基岩屑焚烧尾渣的主要环境风险及其形成机制,有效防控油基岩屑利用处置环境风险,通过实际样品采集和实验室模拟等方式,结合XRD、SEM-EDS、同步热分析等多种表征方法,针对四川省天然气开采油基岩屑典型回转窑焚烧处置过程中钡的转化以及焚烧尾渣的环境风险特征开展了研究.结果表明：钡是油基岩屑中的主要重金属,油基岩屑经焚烧后,尾渣中钡的酸浸浸出毒性水平大幅上升,平均值达到333.0 mg/L,超过《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)标准限值;在还原气氛下,800℃时模拟焚烧尾渣可交换态钡含量和钡的酸浸浸出毒性水平出现大幅上升,平均值分别达到8 675.74 mg/kg和244.38 mg/L,并在1 100℃时进一步上升,不同油基岩屑的浸出毒性发生这种跃升的温度条件存在差异.这种现象产生的主要原因是油基岩屑中的硫酸钡在800℃以上会发生碳热还原反应生成硫化钡,并与氯化氢等反应产生氯化钡,这种还原转化过程主要发生在硫酸钡晶体颗粒表面,并最终形成了被可溶性钡外壳包裹的硫酸钡晶体颗粒.研究显示,可溶性钡是油基岩屑焚烧尾渣的主要环境...