US／Fenton协同降解苯酚模拟废水

研究了US／Fenton协同作用对水中苯酚的降解效果，探讨了Fenton试剂浓度、H2O2，Fe^2＋配比、溶液pH值等对苯酚降解效果的影响。结果表明：Fenton试剂投加量的增加对降解反应先促进后抑制；当H2O2/Fe^2＋配比为40：1，H2O2投加量为40mmol／L，溶液pH值3．0～7．0时,US／Fenton对苯酚的降解速率最快．反应30min后的降解效率远大于单独US、Fenton试剂氧化处理下的降解效率总和．其表现一级动力学速率常数增强因子可达到2．45，表明US／Fenton联用存在明显的协同效应。     

含酚废水的Fenton试剂和光助 Fenton试剂降解研究

研究了在Fenton试剂和光助Fenton试剂作用下，苯酚降解的反应条件。研究结果表明。反应的时间、初始pH值、H2O2和Fe^2＋浓度对Fenton反应都有影响。常温下，当H2O2浓度为20mmol／L，Fe^2＋浓度为4mmol／L时，pH为1，反应时间为30min时，苯酚的转化率达到98％，矿化率达到65％以上。光助Fenton法可以大幅度提高含酚废水的降解率。     

芬顿试剂处理苯酚废水的实验研究

本文针对含苯酚废水来源广、危害大、成分复杂的特点,采用Fenton技术对苯酚废水的处理效果进行了研究,考察了催化剂的用量、氧化剂的用量、粉煤灰的用量和pH值对芬顿试剂氧化苯酚的影响。研究表明,当pH值为3,H2O2的加入量为0.3mol,Fe(II)的加入量为0.5mmo1的条件下,反应在10min内基本完成,苯酚的去除率达到97%;当Fenton试剂的组分不变,粉煤灰投加量为0.6g/L时,苯酚降解率在99%以上,去除效果稳定。     

US/Fenton协同降解苯酚模拟废水

研究了US/Fenton协同作用对水中苯酚的降解效果,探讨了Fenton试剂浓度、H2O2/Fe2 配比、溶液pH值等对苯酚降解效果的影响.结果表明:Fenton试剂投加量的增加对降解反应先促进后抑制;当H2O2/Fe2 配比为40∶1,H2O2投加量为40mmol/L,溶液pH值3.0～7.0时,US/Fenton对苯酚的降解速率最快,反应30min后的降解效率远大于单独US、Fenton试剂氧化处理下的降解效率总和,其表现一级动力学速率常数增强因子可达到2.45,表明US/Fenton联用存在明显的协同效应.     

纳米磁铁矿/生物质炭催化对Fenton氧化降解苯酚的增强机理

以生物质炭负载纳米磁铁矿(nMBC)作为催化剂,采用非均相Fenton反应体系对模拟苯酚废水进行氧化降解处理研究,确定n MBC—Fenton法处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件,并揭示其强化机理。实验结果表明:对于质量浓度为50 mg/L的苯酚废水,其最佳降解条件为温度为45℃,pH为3.0,H_2O_2浓度为5 mmol/L,nMBC用量为2.0 g/L。反应进行20 min后,苯酚去除率可达约100%。nMBC剂量、废水初始pH和温度等因素均对处理效果有较大影响,其中pH决定苯酚去除率,而nMBC剂量是影响降解速率的主要因素。此外,nMBC—Fenton法催化氧化降解苯酚过程符合准一级动力学反应(R~2>0.97)。     

电-Fenton法处理苯酚废水的试验研究

用电解法对苯酚废水进行了处理．试验以活性炭纤维为阴极．铁为阳极．并向阴极不断通人空气．电解过程中生成的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fe^2＋形成Fenton试剂,Fenton试剂在电解的过程中可以产生大量活性羟基OH,能够很好地氧化降解废水中的苯酚。在最佳试验条件下．苯酚的去除率能够达到90％以上．取得了很好的去除效果．并且有效地降低了Fenton试剂的成本。     

FeOOH催化降解苯酚的性能研究

用沉淀法制备FeOOH,以此为催化剂采用非均相Fenton高级氧化技术降解苯酚。对催化剂的投加量、H2O2的投加量、初始pH对苯酚去除的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,pH=3.0、双氧水的投加量为19.6mmol·L-1,催化剂的投加量为2.0 g·L-1,室温下反应10 min,苯酚的去除率可达90%以上。非均相Fenton氧化法降解苯酚能有效拓宽反应溶液pH值范围,对废水的苯酚的去除具有广阔的应用前景。     

电-Fenton法处理苯酚废水影响因素的研究

采用电-Fenton法对含苯酚废水进行处理,以石墨为阴极、铁为阳极,并向阴极不断通入空气,电解过程产生的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fe2 形成Fenton试剂,Fenton试剂在电解过程中产生大量活性羟基自由基,能够很好地氧化降解废水中的苯酚.实验结果表明:影响苯酚去除率的因素主次顺序为pH值、电解质浓度、电解电压、电解时间、进水苯酚浓度.单因素分析得出电-Fenton法处理苯酚模拟废水的最优反应条件:pH值控制在2左右,反应时间为60 min,电解电压选10 V,Na2SO4的浓度为30 g/L,进水苯酚浓度为150 mg/L.在最优条件下苯酚的去除率为82%.     

Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水的研究

利用Fenton试剂对吉林某化工厂产生的苯酚废水进行试验研究,探讨了H2O2、FeSO4·7H2O、pH值、反应时间等因素对苯酚废水中COD去除效果的影响。结果表明：Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水时,受到影响因素的作用大小顺序为H2O2〉FeSO4·7H2O〉pH〉反应时间。并确定Fenton处理此类苯酚废水时最佳的运行条件为：H2O2=8mL／L,FeSO4·7H2O=1．5g／L,pH=3．5,反应时间为40min,且此条件下COD去除率为79％。     

光助Fenton反应降解水溶性染料曙红Y脱色研究

对水溶性染料曙红Y使用Fenton试剂结合光催化氧化降解褪色的过程进行了研究,对该反应的4种主要影响因素加以分析:染料浓度、Fenton试剂用量、光源、初始pH值。经过系列的研究分析得出了曙红Y降解的最佳降解条件,并对Fenton试剂光催化氧化反应机理进行了初步探讨。实验结果表明:太阳光照射能有效地促进曙红Y的降解褪色(脱色率大于95%),明显缩短褪色时间,节约氧化剂的用量。当Fe2+浓度在3.50×10-5~7.19×10-5mol/L之间以及H2O2的摩尔量为染料摩尔量的50~100倍时,太阳光光照能有效地促进0.10 g/L以下浓度的曙红Y的降解。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.