新型Fe3O4@SA/La复合凝胶微球的制备及吸附性能

将海藻酸钠（SA）、Fe₃O₄和La（Ⅲ）离子通过溶液反应法制得一种新型磁性海藻酸镧复合凝胶微球（Fe₃O₄@SA/La）,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及红外光谱（FT-IR）等进行表征.以直接红棕RN（DRB RN）和直接深棕2M（DDB 2M）2种直接染料为吸附对象,考察了染料溶液pH值、吸附时间和温度对吸附剂性能的影响.结果表明：在吸附剂投加量为0.1g、染料溶液自然pH值条件下,Fe₃O₄@SA/La复合凝胶微球室温下对DDB 2M和DRB RN均有良好的吸附性,120min即可达吸附平衡,吸附量分别可达678和688mg/g.吸附过程符合拟二级吸附动力学方程,等温吸附符合Freundlich模型.吸附剂对2种染料的吸附热力学参数（ΔG<0、ΔH<0、ΔS>0）表明吸附反应均为混乱度增加的自发放热反应.     

磁性石墨烯吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)研究

以氧化石墨和铁盐为原料,采用化学沉淀法制备出磁性石墨烯复合材料,运用静态吸附实验研究了吸附动力学、热力学、等温吸附模型以及不同因素如p H、温度、时间对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响.结果表明,吸附动力学符合假二级动力学模型;与Freundlich模型相比,Langmuir模型更适合描述吸附过程.热力学参数为:ΔHθ=33.89 k J·mol-1,ΔSθ=120.15 J·(mol·K)-1,ΔGθ=-2.51 k J·mol-1(303 K),这表明吸附过程是吸热并且自发的.实验最佳p H值为2,升高温度和延长时间均有利于吸附的进行.初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为5 mg·L-1时,重复利用3次后吸附量由3.9 mg·g-1下降到2.1 mg·g-1.在磁铁存在的条件下吸附剂可轻易从溶液中分离出来,利用Na OH可使其再生,因此可作为去除Cr(Ⅵ)的良好吸附剂.     

固定化改性累托石微球对水中染料橙黄Ⅱ的吸附

旨在为提高累托石对染料的吸附效率,便于其在工业中的应用,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)对天然累托石进行改性,并利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠等材料固定改性累托石粉末,制备了微球状吸附剂。考察了固定化改性累托石微球对水中橙黄Ⅱ的吸附性能以及吸附热力学和动力学规律。结果表明,等温吸附规律可用Freundlich和Langmuir模式较好地模拟。吸附活化焓ΔH0呈正值,且吸附体系的ΔH0<-TΔS0,整个吸附过程活化熵的影响大于活化焓,适当升温有利于加速吸附反应的进行。吸附动力学规律符合准一级、二级吸附速率模型、Bangham模式和Elovich模型。膜扩散过程是吸附过程的控制步骤。     

TiO2@酵母微球吸附废水中的荧光增白剂-VBL及再生研究

采用静电自组装的方法制备出具有草莓结构的TiO2@酵母微球作为吸附材料,对阴离子型荧光增白剂-VBL(FWA-VBL)废水进行吸附研究,考察了溶液pH、溶液初始浓度和TiO2@酵母投加量对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,酸性条件有利于TiO2@酵母微球对FWA-VBL的吸附,平衡吸附量随着溶液初始浓度的增加而增加,随着TiO2@酵母微球投加量的增加而减小.TiO2@酵母对FWA-VBL的吸附行为更加符合Langmuir等温模型,在温度为323.15K下最大吸附量为167.50mg/g; 吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程; 热力学参数表明吸附过程是自发的吸热过程.归因于光催化-吸附耦合效应,TiO2@酵母微球展现出了良好的原位再生能力.H2O2的添加有助于提高TiO2@酵母微球的再生性能.     

新型污泥基吸附材料制备及其氨氮去除性能评价

采用高温焙烧法制备了一种以给水厂终端铝盐混凝污泥为原料的新型吸附剂.通过静态吸附实验探讨其对氨氮的吸附性能,实验中主要考察了不同初始p H、接触时间和温度等因素对氨氮吸附效果的影响,同时分析了吸附剂对氨氮的吸附等温线,动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,在中性条件下吸附剂对氨氮有较好的去除效果;吸附过程在6 h基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir吸附模型可较好地拟合吸附剂对氨氮的吸附;热力学参数表明陶粒吸附剂对NH_4~+-N的吸附过程是自发的、吸热反应(ΔG~θ0、ΔH~θ0),且由平均吸附能得到该吸附属于物理吸附.因此,混凝污泥处理氨氮废水具有良好的应用前景.     

改性活性炭纤维对废水中2,4-D的吸附性能研究

以改性活性炭纤维作为吸附剂,研究了改性活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)在不同初始浓度、p H、温度、吸附剂投加量、吸附平衡时间条件下对2,4-D的吸附特性。结果表明,HNO3改性活性炭纤维吸附能力较好;改性ACF的吸附平衡时间为90 min;2,4-D初始溶液最佳p H值为2.0;改性ACF的吸附速率随温度的升高而增加,升高温度有利于吸附进行。改性ACF对2,4-D的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型;吸附动力学符合拟二级模型;热力学计算结果显示ΔG0、ΔH0、ΔS0,吸附是自发、吸热、熵增加的物理过程;吸附过程中主要有范德华力、氢键力、电子供体/受体和静电力作用。实验表明,改性活性炭纤维对废水中2,4-D的去除具有实际应用的潜力。     

添加生物炭对西北黄土吸附克百威的影响

研究了不同温度下制得的生物炭对西北黄土吸附农药克百威的影响,并对溶液p H值和初始浓度对吸附的影响进行了探讨.结果表明,克百威在添加生物炭黄土上的动力学吸附过程较好地符合准二级吸附动力学模型;热力学吸附较好地符合Freundlich等温吸附模型;随着系统温度的升高,添加生物炭的黄土对克百威的吸附量增大,且其对克百威的吸附自由能变(ΔGθ)小于0,吸附焓变(ΔHθ)及吸附熵变(ΔSθ)均大于0,表明吸附是一个自发吸热且体系混乱程度增大的等温吸附过程.溶液p H值和克百威的初始浓度对添加生物炭的土样吸附影响较明显.当p H值为4~7时,添加生物炭的土样饱和吸附量随p H升高呈缓慢降低,当p H值大于7时,吸附容量随p H升高呈明显降低趋势.克百威初始浓度从20 mg·L-1增至50 mg·L-1的过程中,吸附量快速上升,初始浓度大于50 mg·L-1时,吸附量随初始浓度的升高而缓慢增加并逐渐趋于平衡.     

硫酸改性麻黄草废渣生物吸附剂对Pb~(2+)的吸附

以麻黄草废渣(ER)为原料,经硫酸改性制备了改性麻黄草废渣生物吸附剂(SER),并将其用于水溶液中Pb2+的吸附。考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、Pb2+初始浓度和温度对SER吸附性能的影响,研究了SER对Pb2+的吸附动力学和吸附热力学特性。结果表明:Pb2+离子在该吸附剂上吸附速率快,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程;随溶液中Pb2+离子浓度增加,吸附量增大,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,根据Langmuir模型计算SER在298K时对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为1.85 mmol/g,高于改性前(1.0 mmol/g)。热力学参数ΔG0,证实了吸附过程为自发的放热过程。SER对Pb2+的吸附性能优良,具有潜在的应用前景。     

爬山虎茎粉对水体中氨氮的吸附特性

为从植物材料中筛选适宜的氨氮吸附材料,通过批实验研究了爬山虎茎在不同初始pH值、振荡时间、初始浓度和温度下对水溶液中氨氮的吸附情况,进而分析了吸附等温线、动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,爬山虎茎已经达到或超过矿物吸附氨氮的水平.氨氮吸附最适pH值为5~9.吸附过程基本在第18h达到平衡,控速步骤主要是膜扩散和粒内扩散.等温吸附符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量在15,25,35°C下分别为3.18,4.69,5.19mg/g.热力学参数ΔG°、ΔH°和ΔS°表明,爬山虎茎对氨氮的吸附属于自发的吸热反应,且属于物理吸附.因此,爬山虎茎可以作为开发氨氮吸附剂的原材料.     

铁铜双金属氧化物对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附再生及影响因素

将铁盐与铜盐在碱性条件下共沉淀后,经低温干燥制备了铁铜双金属氧化物。考察投加量、初始浓度、共存阴离子对铁铜双金属氧化物吸附Sb(Ⅲ)性能的影响,并对吸附动力学、等温吸附特征和热力学进行了系统的研究。结果表明:吸附在24 h后达到平衡,在p H为5.0,温度为25℃,0.03 g铁铜双金属氧化物对40 mg/L Sb(Ⅲ)的去除率为81.30%,去除能力达到108.41 mg/g。该吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型,反应的吉布斯自由能ΔG0,为自发反应。机理分析表明铁铜双金属氧化物去除溶液中Sb(Ⅲ)主要以物理吸附为主,吸附剂经过4次吸附、解析再生后,对Sb(Ⅲ)去除效果不错。     

Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly （acrylic acid）/vermiculite hydrogel composites

A series of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite hydrogel composites were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the investigation of the e ect of process parameters such as vermiculite content, pH of dye solution, contact time, initial concentration of dye solution, temperature, ionic strength and concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption capacity for dye increased with increasing pH, contact time and initial dye concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature, ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the present of the surfactant. The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the hydrogel composite followed pseudo second-order kinetics and the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm. By introducing 10 wt.% vermiculite into chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) polymeric network, the obtaining hydrogel composite showed the highest adsorption capacity for MB, and then could be regarded as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal in a wastewater treatment process.     

Kinetics and isotherms of Neutral Red adsorption on peanut husk

Adsorption of Neutral Red (NR) onto peanut husk in aqueous solutions was investigated at 295 K. Experiments were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Toth isotherm models. The results indicated that the Toth and Langmuir models provided the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacity of peanut husk for the removal of NR was deter...     

改性玉米秸秆对水中磷酸根的吸附动力学研究

将化学改性后的玉米秸秆制备阴离子交换剂,重点研究了改性玉米秸秆对磷酸根的吸附动力学特性.通过静态实验,考察了在不同pH、温度、磷酸根初始浓度条件下,改性玉米秸秆对磷酸根吸附效果的影响,并分别用伪一级动力学方程、伪二级动力学方程、修正伪一级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程进行拟合,计算出相应的速率常数.结果表明,Langmuir等温模式能更好地描述改性玉米秸秆对磷酸根的吸附效果,并且随着温度的升高,改性玉米秸秆对磷酸根的最大吸附量逐渐减小.改性玉米秸秆对磷酸根的吸附是一个快速吸附过程,30 min内即可达到吸附平衡,该吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程,吸附速率主要受颗粒内扩散控制.随着初始浓度的增大,伪二级吸附速率常数逐渐减小,颗粒内扩散速率常数逐渐增大.通过改性玉米秸秆对磷酸根的吸附动力学研究,可以为反应器的设计和污水处理装置的运行提供基础信息,对于去除水溶液中磷酸根的技术应用具有重要实际意义.     

Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(Ⅲ)-chitosan complex

Cross-linked Fe（III）-chitosan composite （Fe-CB） was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. The morphology of the adsorbent was discussed using FT-IR and SEM with X-EDS analysis. The pH ranging from 3.0-10.2 exhibited very little effect on the adsorption capability. The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. The eluent of 2.5% （W/V） NaC1 could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed.     

固定床中好氧颗粒污泥动态吸附结晶紫染料

针对印染废水色度高,脱色难度大的问题,通过固定床工艺利用灭活的好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)对水中结晶紫(CV)进行动态吸附.通过对固定床高度、CV初始浓度和和流速对穿透曲线的影响进行探讨,采用Thomas模型和BDST模型对动态吸附试验所得数据拟合并获得了相应参数.试验结果表明,随着固定床高度的增加,穿透时间和饱和吸附时间延长;当CV初始浓度和流速增加时,穿透时间和饱和吸附时间急剧缩短.Thomas模型能够很好地描述AGS对CV的动态吸附动力学.当CV浓度为100mg/L,流速为8.3mL/min,固定床高度为20cm时AGS对CV的吸附动力学与Thomas模型拟合程度最好,相关系数为0.9813.BDST模型能准确预测穿透时间,平均误差小于10%.吸附CV染料后AGS可用无水乙醇进行再生.     

Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by cetylpyridinium bromide modified zeolite

Natural zeolite was modified by loading cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) to create more e cient sites for humic acid (HA) adsorption. The natural and CPB modified zeolites were characterized with X-ray di raction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The e ects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial HA concentration, solution pH and coexistent Ca2+, upon HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolites were evaluated. The results showed that natural zeolite had negligible a nity for HA in aqueous solutions, but CPB modified zeolites exhibited high adsorption e ciency for HA. A higher CPB loading on natural zeolites exhibited a larger HA adsorption capacity. Acidic pH and coexistent Ca2+ were proved to be favorable for HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolite. The kinetic process was well described by pseudo second-order model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir and Sips models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CPB modified zeolite with surfactant bilayer coverage was found to be 92.0 mg/g.     

氨基修饰稻壳生物炭对水溶液中铀的吸附动力学特性

为了探究NBC（氨基修饰生物炭）对U（Ⅵ）的吸附性能,通过在BC（未修饰生物炭）上负载氨基的方法得到氨基修饰生物炭,研究BC、NBC对水溶液中U（Ⅵ）的吸附特征,分析生物炭添加量、溶液pH、溶液中阴离子、初始ρ〔U（Ⅵ）〕、吸附时间和吸附体系温度等因素对U（Ⅵ）吸附的影响,筛选最优的吸附条件,并利用SEM（扫描电镜）、FT-IR（傅里叶红外光谱）、XRD（X-射线衍射）、XPS（X-射线能谱）、BET比表面积、元素分析、零点电位（Zeta电势）测定等手段表征BC、NBC的结构特征,并进一步探讨其对U（Ⅵ）的吸附机理.结果表明:①NBC的比表面积和吸附位点显著增加,对U（Ⅵ）的吸附速率和吸附量明显增加,NBC的最大吸附量（69.63 mg/g）大于BC（53.95 mg/g）. ②NBC对U（Ⅵ）吸附的最佳条件为生物炭添加量0.4 g/L、pH 6、初始ρ〔U（Ⅵ）〕20 mg/L、吸附时间1 h、吸附体系温度328 K. ③BC、NBC对U（Ⅵ）的吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学方程,R2均为0.999;等温吸附过程均符合Sips等温吸附模型,R2均大于0.914.研究显示,NBC的吸附能力强、环境耐受性好,具有很好的应用潜力.      

纳米氧化铝改性凝胶球对四环素吸附性能分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化铝改性聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙凝胶球（SA-PVA-AlNPs）,用于吸附去除水溶液中的四环素。考察了纳米氧化铝负载量、初始溶液pH、离子强度对凝胶球吸附性能的影响。结果表明:复合纳米氧化铝有利于提高凝胶球的吸附性能;SA-PVA-ALNPs吸附四环素最佳pH值条件为pH=3;NaCl浓度的提高并未显著影响凝胶球对于四环素的吸附能力。准二级动力学可以较好地拟合SA-PVA-ALNPs对四环素吸附的动力学数据;Langmuir模型能更好地拟合等温吸附数据,最大吸附容量为75.90 mg/g。SA-PVA-ALNPs吸附四环素主要依靠阳离子架桥作用、n-π电子供体-受体相互作用以及氢键作用。     

吸附——光催化氧化法处理四环素废水

以含ZnO,TiO2等无机半导体的沸石作为吸附剂和光催化剂，采用高压汞灯为光源对四环素溶液进行了处理。通过正交实验，考察了pH，光照时间，光照面积，沸石用量、初始浓度对四环素的影响，从实际应用出发，得出影响四环素降解的各因素的最佳取值及影响显著性次序。结果表明，pH对四环素分解影响最显著。该实验结果有助于制药工业废水的光催化处理研究以及新型复合水处理剂的开发与利用。     

Facile synthesis of graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite with superior adsorption capability for chlorophenols

In this work, we proposed a green and cost-effective method to prepare a graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite (GN/HCPC) by one-pot carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) and glucose. The composite combined the advantages of graphene (GN) and hyper-cross-linked porous carbon (HCPC), leading to high specific surface area (396.93 m²/g) and large total pore volume (0.413 cm³/g). The resulting GN/HCPC composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of different solution conditions including pH, ionic strength, contact time, system temperature and concentration of humic acid was determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of GN/HCPC composite (calculated by the Langmuir model) could reach 348.43 mg/g, which represented increases of 43.6% and 13.6% over those of the as-prepared pure GN and HCPC, respectively. The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were found to fit well with the adsorption process. Thermodynamic experiments suggested that the adsorption proceeded spontaneously and endothermically. In addition, the GN/HCPC composite showed high adsorption performance toward other organic contaminants including tetracycline, bisphenol A and phenol. Measurement of the adsorption capability of GN/HCPC in secondary effluent revealed a slight decrease over that in pure water solution. This study demonstrated that the GN/HCPC composite can be utilized as a practical and efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater.