SH-A工艺处理晚期垃圾渗滤液生物驯化的研究

晚期垃圾渗滤液含有高浓度的化学需氧量及氨氮,目前常用的污水处理工艺难以去除该污染物。因此,采用生物驯化技术处理垃圾渗滤液。SH-A工艺应用于处理晚期垃圾渗滤液的生物驯化过程进行了研究,并取得了一定成果。     

膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液研究综述

传统生物处理工艺对垃圾渗滤液,特别是老龄化垃圾渗滤液处理效果差,而膜生物反应器(MBR)在这方面显现出巨大优势。MBR通过截留微生物保持高生物量浓度,只需较短的水力停留时间,并可承受较大有机负荷率,能有效去除有机物及微污染物,对氨氮的去除率达90%以上。优化条件下,对老龄垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率达75%以上。虽然MBR性能稳定,但较短的水力停留时间和高浓度的氨氮对反应器有不良影响,并且较大的污泥龄也会降低反应器的性能。然而厌氧MBR和改进型活性炭粉末MBR在垃圾渗滤液的治理中表现出了巨大的潜力。     

城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺研究

针对城市生活垃圾渗滤液的特点,提出了脱氨氮、SBR生化处理、加氯消毒的处理工艺.试验结果证明,经该处理工艺,各种年限的垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮、CODCr等指标均能达到排放标准.     

超临界水氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用连续式超临界水氧化小试装置处理垃圾渗滤液,以双氧水作为氧化剂,研究了超临界水氧化反应的温度、压力、氧化剂比例K和催化剂等因素对渗滤液中污染物去除效果的影响,结果表明在不同温度、不同压力、不同K值单因素实验条件下,温度480℃,压力26 MPa,K=3.0是处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺参数。试验加入催化剂能够提高COD和氨氮去除率,当Cu2+浓度为45 mg/L时,垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率分别达到78.9%和38.8%。正交试验表明,主要的工艺参数中温度对处理效率的影响最大,其次是氧化剂比例K,压力影响最小。试验结果的氨氮去除率相对较低,这可能是由于垃圾渗滤液水质复杂,各污染物之间存在相互干扰,氨氮的去除机理还有待进一步的深入研究。     

垃圾渗滤液物化与生化处理工艺技术现状

垃圾渗滤液由于含有大量有机物和氨氮,一直是我国污水处理领域的重点及难点。总结了渗滤液的水质特点,然后结合国内外垃圾渗滤液处理方面的研究,探讨了不同垃圾渗滤液处理工艺的优缺点。目前渗滤液处理技术主要有物化法和生化法,利用生化法实现垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮进而降低垃圾渗滤液的处理成本,是未来垃圾渗滤液处理技术的发展方向。     

垃圾渗沥液处理的难点及解决方法探讨

对于含有较高污染物浓度的垃圾渗沥液,采用生物处理+膜处理工艺可使COD和氨氮达标排放。合理、有效解决浓缩液和污泥的出路对渗沥液处理至关重要。     

城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺的研究

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的特点 ,提出了脱氨氮、SBR生化处理、加氯消毒的处理工艺。试验结果证明 ,经该处理工艺 ,各种年限的垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮、CODCr等指标均能达到排放标准。     

生物接触氧化—电絮凝工艺处理垃圾渗滤液研究

为了探索高效垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,采用生物接触氧化—电絮凝工艺处理垃圾渗滤液。试验结果表明,生物接触氧化—电絮凝工艺适于处理COD<5000mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,最高容积负荷可达6.56kgCOD/(m3.d),对COD去除率最高可达84.63%,平均BOD去除率可达91.25%,对NH4-N去除率最高可达86.13%,处理后的垃圾渗滤液可达到国家垃圾渗滤液二级排放标准。处理费用估算为10元/m3。     

垃圾渗滤液生物处理工艺研究进展

本文介绍了垃圾渗滤液的各种生物处理工艺,具体阐述了好氧工艺、厌氧工艺和厌氧-好氧耦合工艺的最新研究进展,并分析了今后垃圾渗滤液生物处理技术的发展方向。     

城市生活垃圾填埋汤渗滤液处理工艺的研究

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的特点，提出了脱氨氮、SBR生化处理、加氯消毒的处理工艺。试验结果证明，经该处理工艺，各种年限的垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮、CODCr等指标均能达到排放标准。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.