影响钠碱法烟气脱硫效率的因素分析与工艺优化

通过对钠碱法烟气脱硫工艺过程的分析和运行实践,分析总结了吸收液pH值、液气比（L/G）、烟气温度、烟气中烟尘浓度以及氧化空气量等参数的变化对烟气脱硫效率的影响规律,并从工艺过程控制、设备运行方式等方面提出了优化方案,为钠碱法脱硫工艺实现低成本、高效率的吸收提供有益的参考。     

火电厂石灰石湿法烟气脱硫效率模型的研究

本文在对进口SO2浓度、烟气流量X2、液气比、吸收浆液pH、浆液浓度和烟气停留时间等6种主要火电厂石灰石湿法烟气脱硫影响因素进行综合分析并建立数学公式的基础上,结合火电厂运行数据建立烟气脱硫效率模型.基于该数学模型,以2组火电厂石灰石湿法烟气脱硫数据为实例进行了模型验证,表明该模型能够较准确的反映脱硫效率.     

石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术研究

本文以内蒙古某发电厂两个机组的脱硫项目为依托,深入分析研究了石灰石-石膏脱硫工艺,对其化学反应过程和机理进行了总结和探讨;对石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统工艺流程及设备进行了剖析;并通过绘制曲线具体分析了主要参数对脱硫效率的影响,如烟气温度、原烟气进口SO2浓度、烟气中O2含量、循环浆液 pH 值、吸收塔烟气流速、液气比及Ca/S等对脱硫效率的影响.     

烟气脱硫吸收塔pH值控制策略优化研究

文章首先介绍现有用于烟气脱硫吸收塔pH值控制的两种基本控制策略,包括单回路前馈反馈控制系统和串级前馈反馈系统。并对现有两种控制策略下烟气脱硫系统吸收塔运行过程中浆液pH值响应过程的分析,针对现有脱硫系统pH值控制策略导致响应滞后等一系列问题,提出了改善烟气脱硫pH值控制策略和响应特性的措施方案,并提出了相应的控制策略,结合烟气脱硫吸收塔浆液池的对象模型,通过对控制策略的仿真,得到该控制策略下的对象的响应特性,验证了控制策略的可行性。最终,将优化的控制策略用于工程实践,结合工程实例说明了通过pH控制策略优化可达到pH值响应更为及时,pH值波动范围减少的效果。从而保证脱硫装置的安全稳定高效运行,有效降低运行消耗。     

基于气-液传质氨法脱硫喷淋吸收CFD仿真模拟

结合氨法脱硫SO₂吸收传质的研究,通过耦合氨法脱硫液滴中多组分化学反应、液滴与气相间传质(双膜理论)、液滴蒸发相变等多个过程,采用CFD二次开发技术研究开发了可预测脱硫效果的CFD计算方法,利用基于该方法建立的三维氨法脱硫仿真模型模拟脱硫塔内的流场及烟气流速、pH值、液气比、雾化粒径、初始SO₂浓度对脱硫效果的影响,研究结果表明,模拟结果与实验数据有着相同的变化趋势且二者之间的相对误差小于±20%.同时,通过计算pH值和浆液粒径等关键参数对脱硫塔内竖直中心线上NH₃和SO₂浓度分布规律的影响,明确通过合理控制浆液pH值与浆液粒径来提高脱硫效率以及减少NH₃逃逸.实验和数值模拟结果表明,氨法脱硫系统控制烟气流速为2～3m/s、浆液pH值为5～6,液气比2.5～3.5L/m³,雾化液滴粒径为0.8～1mm较为合适.     

降膜式湿壁塔氨法烟气脱硫实验研究

氨法烟气脱硫工艺是一种资源回收型技术,符合国家节能减排、可持续发展政策,能够实现经济循环发展.通过建立烟气脱硫装置,参照脱硫工艺运行参数,采用氨水作为吸收剂,在降膜式湿壁塔中对氨法烟气脱硫过程进行实验研究.考察了吸收液进塔pH值、液气比、烟气流速、烟气进口SO2浓度、烟气温度对脱硫率的影响,并从理论上分析运行参数对脱硫...     

磷矿与石灰双循环脱硫的工艺性能

采用磷矿、石灰2种脱硫剂在同一吸收塔中完成2次循环4次吸收的过程.吸收塔的下部为第1级循环,采用环栅式喷射鼓泡塔,以磷矿为脱硫剂,磷矿吸收SO2后加适量浓硫酸制成磷肥,以减少烟气脱硫除尘的运行成本.吸收塔上部为第2级循环,在传统的喷淋和浮阀板技术上进行了改进,以石灰为脱硫剂,以解决第1级循环中因磷矿所含脱硫成分少于石灰而导致的脱硫效率较低的问题,保证了较高脱硫效率.结果表明,塔的压降、脱硫剂的pH值是影响脱硫效率的关键因素,在第1级循环中磷矿浆液pH值在4.5～3.5时,脱硫效率趋于稳定;通过调整石灰水的pH值可使整个工艺脱硫效率达到80%.     

碱性工业废水在锅炉烟气脱硫除尘中的应用

介绍了利用印染废水、造纸黑液、制革废水等碱性工业废水进行锅炉烟气脱硫除尘的工艺,阐述了废水pH值、液气比、进气SO_2浓度对脱硫效率的影响.利用碱性工业废水脱硫除尘,其脱硫率平均可达80%～90%,除尘率达95%.     

硫酸镁对湿式石灰石烟气脱硫过程的影响研究

以旋流板塔为吸收器，探讨了硫酸镁对湿式石灰石烟气脱硫过程浆液pH值、脱硫率及石灰石利用率等的影响。实验表明，硫酸镁能促进石灰石等的溶解，延缓浆液pH值的下降，有效提高脱硫率。依据实验结果，分析了过程机理，计算对比了不同深度硫酸镁强化下石灰石的利用率随pH值的变化情况，综合考虑脱硫率和石灰石利用率等因素，确定适宜的pH值操作范围为5－6.     

基于pH值分区控制的湿法烟气脱硫增效研究

石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)系统在我国具有广泛的应用,如何提高传统WFGD系统的污染物脱除效率,对燃煤电站SO_2实现超低排放具有重要的意义.本文基于pH分区控制,设计搭建了新型双循环湿法烟气脱硫试验系统,重点研究了烟气量、SO_2浓度、喷淋密度等对pH分区特性及系统脱硫性能的影响.研究发现,随着烟气量、入口SO_2浓度的增加,喷淋密度的降低,主副浆液池pH值差值增大;脱硫效率随着烟气量、入口SO——2浓度的降低,喷淋密度的增加而升高.基于pH分区控制的新型双循环湿法烟气脱硫系统相比传统脱硫系统内部结构简单、同时具有较高的污染物脱除效率,可为现有脱硫系统增效改造提供一条有利途径.     

Fe2+EDTA络合-铁屑还原连续脱除烟气中NO

研究了铁屑塔式反应器连续脱除烟气中NO的过程,建立了该过程的数学模型,并对其主要影响因素进行了讨论.结果表明,铁屑塔式反应器可连续稳定地脱除烟气中NO,进气NO浓度的变化对脱硝效率没有影响,脱硝效率随烟气流量的增加而下降,随脱硝溶液流量和填料层高度的增加而增加.所建模型的计算值和实测值能够很好地吻合,该模型可用于预测脱硝过程参数对脱硝效率的影响.     

基于人工神经网络的工作面煤与瓦斯突出预测方法

在全面分析了煤与瓦斯突出影响因素的基础上，提出了煤与瓦斯突出预测的人工神经网络模型，介绍了突出特征指标的选取及表示方法与推理过程，实例分析表明，模型精度很高，可用于工作面煤与瓦斯突出预测。     

生化法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气的动力学模式研究

针对目前国际上常用的吸收－生物膜理论，在描述生化法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气机理过程中的存在问题，提出了吸附－生物膜的新理论，并依据这一新理论建立了生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气的动力学模式。实验结果表明，其模拟计算值与实验值之间有很好的相关性，相关系数Ｐ〉０．９３，利用这一新理论及模式，可由已知操作参数对生物膜填料塔的净化效果进行预测计算，也能为有关的理论研究和实际操作提供参考。     

Modeling of organic pollutant destruction in a stirred-tank reactor by ozonation

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Effective MILP model for oil refinery-wide production planning and better energy utilization

Generally, a refinery complex consists of process system and utility system. Process system not only produces liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel and so on, but also some byproducts, such as fuel gas and residual fuel oil, which supply utility system as fuel. The utility system converts fuel gas and fuel oil to high pressure or medium pressure steam and electricity to meet the energy demand of the process system. A novel approach to the integration of the process system and utility system for better energy utilization is presented in this paper. A plant-wide multi-period planning mathematical model is proposed and three improvements are identified. First, the process unit energy-consumed model is reformulated, because energy consumed by a unit not only relates the throughput of the unit, but also varies with the operation modes of the unit and season. Second, The MILP (Mixed Integer linear Programming) model of utility system is embedded in the plant-wide model to gain the overall optimization and for better energy efficiency. Third, steam, fuel oil and fuel gas are balanced in the whole plant. Finally, the proposed approach was used in a real industrial example to determine the optimal mass and energy flow and some important results have been obtained and are presented.     

基于Aspen Plus的生活垃圾热解气化模拟及正交优化

热解气化技术作为一种城市固体废弃物(municipal solid waste,MSW)无害化处理的方式,其相关研究具有现实意义.利用Aspen Plus软件建立了 MSW固定床热解气化模型,在模型验证的基础上探讨了气化温度、气化压力和空气当量比对MSW热解气化过程的影响.通过二次回归正交试验法得出MSW热解气化过程中...     

A new semi-dry desulfurization process using a powder-particle spouted bed

A new semi-dry desulfurization process was tested in this study. The process uses the so-called powder-particle spouted bed (PPSB) as the reactor in which coarse medium particles, usually silica sand of several hundred micrometers in size, are fluidized with hot flue gas. A slurry of fine SO_x sorbent, such as slaked lime or other alkaline powder, is continuously supplied into the bed of coarse particles. As a consequence, both the desulfurization reaction and slurry drying take place simultaneously in the single reactor. By using a model flue gas, SO₂–air, and the sorbent Ca(OH)₂ in a laboratory-scale reactor, the removal efficiency of this process was examined with respect to major operating parameters in this study. It was demonstrated that SO₂ removal in excess of 95% can be achieved at Ca/S=1.2, while spent sorbent appears in the form of dry powder. The optimal temperature of flue gas treated with this technique was shown to be approximately 420 K. In comparison with wet desulfurization scrubbers, this PPSB semi-dry process appears to have lower cost, less complicated configuration and simpler disposal of used sorbent.     

Significance of intermediate production processes in life cycle assessment of electronic products assessed using a generic compact model

In this paper a generic model for life cycle inventory (LCI) data collection is presented and applied to a product system of a Digital System Telephone (DST). It is shown that the intermediate unit processes (IUPs) are of global warming importance. Compared to earlier efforts in the field of environmental life cycle assessment of electronic products, this model enables a more partitioned LCA result, with respect to both components and processes. In our model the components are first divided into main groups and then into sub-groups. This division results in process modules for unit processes, some of which are similar to the ongoing components, thus, reducing the computational effort. The model is demonstrated for a “cradle-to-gate” calculation focusing on greenhouse gas emissions. Using scenario analysis for integrated circuits and printed wiring boards, the possible contribution from IUPs was analysed.     

制氨厂尾气中CO的变压吸附提纯

制氨厂尾气含有大量CO,若采用有效的分离、纯化工艺,可获得碳一化工(C1)所需的高纯度CO.本文研究了用PU1型吸附剂变压吸附提纯制氨厂尾气,同时比较了PU1型吸附剂和ZMS-5A型沸石的性能.试验采用一段法变压吸附工艺研究了不同操作条件下CO的纯化和回收,气体流速为0.2～0.8 m³/h,并对工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明PU1吸附性能较好,在吸附压力0.3 MPa、原料气CO浓度30%时,CO回收率为75%,CO产品气的纯度可大于98%.     

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A using an integrated system of a new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed reactor and micrometer Gd-doped TiO2 particles

A new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor (GLSCFBPR) with internally placed multi-layered UV lamps was developed. Micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles and commercial nanometer P25-TiO₂ were chosen as the photocatalysts, and the hazardous substance bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as the model pollutant to investigate the performance of this new photocatalytic system. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles was similar to that of the nanometer P-25 particles at their respective optimum dosage but the former could be easily separated out by gravity. After investigating the effects of process parameters on the photocatalytic BPA degradation, the response surface method (RSM) was further used for process optimization. The interactions among process parameters, i.e., TiO₂ concentration, superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity were discovered and a related analysis was carried out to explore the underlying mechanism. A quadratic mathematic model was established and performed satisfactorily when used for prediction. The optimum conditions for this new process were as follows: TiO₂ concentration 4.5 g/L, superficial gas velocity 7.83 × 10^-3 m/sec and superficial liquid velocity 8.65 × 10^-3 m/sec.