三元土壤调理剂对田间水稻镉砷累积转运的影响

通过镉砷复合污染稻田的土壤调理剂原位治理,研究了三元土壤调理剂QFJ（羟基磷灰石+沸石+改性秸秆炭）对稻田土壤基本理化性质和水稻各部位镉砷累积转运的影响.结果表明,在土壤Cd总量3.58 mg·kg^-1,As总量124.79 mg·kg^-1污染程度下,施用QFJ后,水稻根际土壤pH值、阳离子交换量及有机质含量有增大的趋势;土壤交换态Cd和As含量可分别从0.37 mg·kg^-1、0.07 mg·kg^-1下降到0.12 mg·kg^-1、0.04 mg·kg^-1.QFJ的施用,可有效降低水稻各部位中Cd和As含量,在9.00 t·hm^-2施用量水平,可将糙米中Cd含量从0.46 mg·kg^-1下降到0.18 mg·kg^-1,无机As含量从0.25 mg·kg^-1降低到0.16 mg·kg^-1,同时低于国家食品污染物限量标准0.2 mg·kg^-1的要求,实现水稻安全生产.施用QFJ减少了水稻根系对Cd和As的富集,降低了水稻植株将Cd从地下部转运到地上部的能力,降低了根系转运Cd的能力以及茎叶、谷壳转运As的能力.     

省级尺度土壤As迁移转化与水稻安全种植区划：以贵州省为例

为探究贵州省水田土壤和稻米As含量分布特征,及稻米食用健康风险并评估水稻安全种植性,采集水田土壤样品209个,水田土壤-水稻样品1 567组,测定其As含量和土壤基本理化性质,运用单因子污染指数法对样品污染程度进行评价.结果表明： ①贵州省水田土壤主要呈中性,其保肥能力和有机质含量均为中等以上水平,土壤较为肥沃.水田土壤ω（As）范围为0.042~91.75 mg·kg^-1,几何均值为10.03 mg·kg^-1,经独立样本T检验,水田土壤As累积效应低于自然土壤As（P<0.05）.与《农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618-2018）筛选值（0.2 mg·kg^-1）相比,土壤样品超标率15.37%.②稻米ω（As）范围为0.001~0.937 mg·kg^-1,几何平均值为0.108 mg·kg^-1,10.21%的稻米样品超过《食品中污染物限量（试行）》（GB 2762-2022）的限值,超标点位主要分布于黔南州的中北部和遵义南部县区等工矿业活动区周围.③经大米摄入的As对成人和儿童存在非致癌风险和致癌风险,且对儿童的影响大于成人.贵州省水田稻米安全种植区划未见严格管控区域,水稻可实现安全种植.     

贵州省旱地土壤和玉米As含量特征及其种植安全性评估

为了解贵州省旱地土壤和玉米籽粒As含量分布特征,并评估其玉米种植的安全性,采集自然土壤样品468个,旱地表层土壤样品1260个,相应玉米籽粒样品980个,测定其As含量和土壤基本理化性质,运用单因子污染指数法对样品污染程度进行评价.结果表明:①旱地土壤ω(As)范围为0.35~758.53 mg·kg^-1,几何平均值为23.28 mg·kg^-1,经独立样本T检验,贵州省旱地土壤的ω(As)显著高于自然土壤的21.29 mg·kg^-1(P<0.05),表明旱地土壤存在As累积效应;与《农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618-2018)筛选值相比,土壤样品超标率为33.81%.②玉米籽粒ω(As)范围为0.001~0.868 mg·kg^-1,几何平均值为0.064 mg·kg^-1,0.61%的玉米籽粒样品超过《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2017)的限值,超标点位分布于毕节市、黔西南州和铜仁市.③将玉米籽粒作为饲料和粮食使用时,贵州省旱地土壤均可以安全种植玉米.研究表明贵州省旱地土壤As污染较严重,整体上可实现玉米安全种植,但涉As有色金属矿区周边种植玉米需要加以关注.     

重庆市畜禽粪便及菜田土壤中四环素类抗生素生态风险评价

近年来新型有机污染物抗生素在环境中的残留及对生态环境的风险成为国内外研究的热点.在畜禽养殖业中四环素类抗生素（tetracycline antibiotics,TCs）使用量最大,在畜禽粪便中的残留量也最高.本文采用调查研究结合室内分析,客观评价了重庆市主要大型养殖场畜禽粪便和主要蔬菜基地菜田土壤中3种农用四环素类抗生素[土霉素（OTC）、四环素（TC）和金霉素（CTC）]可能存在的环境生态风险.结果表明,2014年猪粪和鸡粪中的OTC、TC、CTC和TCs总量∑TCs的平均值分别为13.05、91.81、62.48、167.34 mg·kg^-1和4.25、4.6、28.55、37.40 mg·kg^-1.2019年所调查的样品中猪粪和鸡粪中的OTC、TC、CTC和∑TCs平均含量分别为3.39、4.82、5.92、15.95 mg·kg^-1和1.10、1.35、4.22、5.16 mg·kg^-1,相比2014年,2019年重庆市畜禽粪便中TCs含量有大幅度的下降,TCs的检出率也有所降低.鸡粪中的TCs生态风险较猪粪要低,2019年畜禽粪便中的TCs生态风险较2014年大幅度降低,不同抗生素间总体比较,风险商值以CTC > OTC > TC.重庆主要蔬菜基地及周边地区菜田土壤中OTC、TC、CTC和∑TCs的平均含量分别为18.92、39.10、21.80和79.81 μg·kg^-1.TCs含量大小顺序为养殖场附近菜田 > 无公害蔬菜基地 > 普通菜田;在养殖场附近的菜田中,露地TCs含量普遍高于大棚,而在无公害蔬菜基地,TCs含量表现为大棚 > 露地.从菜田TCs的生态风险商值整体上看,各类种植模式下的HQ均<1,即无高风险.3种TCs的HQ值以CTC > OTC > TC.土壤∑TCs含量以叶菜类 > 瓜类 > 茄果类 > 豆类,种植不同类型蔬菜的菜田土壤TCs含量略有差异,可能跟不同蔬菜栽培模式、畜禽粪便种类及施肥量有关系.     

来利山锡尾矿区优势植物调查与生态修复潜力分析

为了筛选用于锡矿区生态恢复的优势植物,对云南来利山锡尾矿废弃地进行实地调查,记录并采集了15种优势植物样本及相应根际土壤.测定其铜（Cu）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锡（Sn）含量,计算这15种植物对6种重金属的转移和富集系数,同时测定分析了植物根系菌根侵染率及根际土壤的化学性质,综合评估本土植物的应用潜力.结果表明,废弃地土壤pH均值为3.13,呈强酸性;有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和有效磷均值分别为6.07 g·kg^-1、5.74 g·kg^-1、0.62 g·kg^-1、8.66 g·kg^-1、30.84 mg·kg^-1和2.08 mg·kg^-1,养分较贫瘠;土壤Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb、As和Sn含量均值分别为347.40、1.02、1.34、168.47、25.81和2299.02 mg·kg^-1,其中Cd的含量已达到三级污染警戒值,Cu和Pb含量大且空间分布差异大,呈现Cu、Pb和Cd复合污染的风险.此外,木犀榄（Olea europaea L.）和柃木（Eurya japonica Thunb.）根系的菌根侵染率相对较高,桤木（Alnus cremastogyne Burk.）、小丝琴竹［Bambusa multiplex （Lour.） Raeusch.ex Schult.‘Alphonse-Kar’ R.A.Young］、灯心草（Juncus effusus L.）和莎草（Cyperus rotundus L.）等对重金属有较强的吸收和转运能力,其余植物也适应锡尾矿废弃地的生长环境,具有修复该矿区的潜在价值.     

蚯蚓细胞色素P450亚酶及代谢组学对土壤亚致死剂量草甘膦除草剂的响应

以赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）为受试生物,通过外源添加污染物的方法,研究了暴露于亚致死剂量草甘膦（添加剂量分别为5、10、20、40 mg·kg^-1）的土壤中7 d后,蚯蚓生长抑制率、细胞色素P450亚酶（CYP1A2、2C9与3A4）活力及代谢组学对土壤草甘膦的响应,旨在探讨亚致死剂量草甘膦能否对非靶标生物蚯蚓产生不良影响及其毒性作用机制,初步推断其毒性作用阈值,并筛选敏感生物标记物.结果表明：从蚯蚓生长抑制率来看,各处理组与对照组无显著差异;从蚯蚓CYP亚酶活力来看,在高剂量草甘膦（20、40 mg·kg^-1）处理下,CYP亚酶活力均受到显著抑制;基于代谢组学鉴定并筛选出14个小分子代谢物标记物,其中9个小分子代谢物（分别是1,6-二磷酸果糖、β-D-果糖6-磷酸、丙酮酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、延胡索酸、肌酸、甜菜碱）在5~40 mg·kg^-1草甘膦暴露下显著低于对照水平,另外2个小分子代谢物（尿酸与二十-羟-二十烷四烯酸）则在草甘膦处理下显著升高.代谢组学的响应表明,草甘膦暴露（5~40 mg·kg^-1）致使蚯蚓糖酵解与三羧酸循环减弱,氨基酸代谢受损,嘌呤代谢紊乱,细胞渗透功能受损,对蚯蚓产生了明显毒副作用,其毒副作用还与细胞色素P450酶代谢相关.蚯蚓CYP亚酶活力与小分子代谢物标记物作为敏感生物标记物,可联合诊断土壤亚致死剂量草甘膦污染.     

广西西江流域土壤镉含量特征及风险评估

为了解广西西江流域土壤Cd含量分布特征及风险,结合土地利用方式进行大规模抽样调查,采集有色金属矿区土壤、农田土壤（水田土壤和旱地土壤）和自然土壤共2512个样品,测试其Cd含量.结果表明,西江流域土壤Cd的背景值为0.514 mg·kg^-1,显著高于前人研究结果（0.148 mg·kg^-1）和广西土壤背景值（0.267 mg·kg^-1）;旱地、水田、矿区土壤Cd含量分别为0.559、0.787、5.71 mg·kg^-1,水田土壤和矿区土壤Cd含量显著高于自然土壤;以西江流域土壤Cd含量背景值和基线值为限定值,超标率分别为51.2%、66.7%、77.8%和35.2%、39.6%、71.4%,矿区土壤和农田土壤都有明显的Cd积累趋势;从土壤Cd空间分布及污染特征来看,西江流域总体土壤Cd含量为0.726 mg·kg^-1,高Cd含量斑块主要集中在西江流域上游河池地区的南丹县、大化县、都安县、环江县和宜州市,以及柳江县、武宣县和象州县等地区,这些地方出现了重度甚至极重度污染、中等-强污染累积程度和高等-极高等潜在生态风险.总体上,广西西江流域上游地区的农业土壤、矿区土壤Cd污染问题突出,属于高Cd风险区域,土壤生态状况不容乐观,这主要与上游矿业密集区的矿业活动和地质高背景Cd有关,长期居住在矿区及周边地区的居民,以及食用这一区域生产的农产品,可能对部分当地居民的健康产生危害.建议进一步通过土壤-植物-人体体系展开镉风险评估,同时采取相应措施以控制风险.     

不同镉水平下纳米沸石对土壤pH、CEC及Cd形态的影响

通过室内培养试验及土培试验研究了不同镉水平（1、5、10和15 mg·kg^-1）下纳米沸石和普通沸石对土壤pH、CEC及Cd形态的影响.结果表明,室内培养试验中,施用沸石（5、10和20 g·kg^-1）均显著提高了不同镉（1、5、10和15 mg·kg^-1）处理中的土壤pH和土壤CEC值,降低了土壤可交换态镉含量,增加了碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化态、有机态和残渣态镉含量,以纳米沸石（20 g·kg^-1）对土壤可交换态镉的降低效果最好.土壤pH、土壤CEC与土壤可交换态镉含量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与铁锰氧化态镉含量均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.土培试验中,在1 mg·kg^-1和5 mg·kg^-1 Cd条件下,施用沸石（5、10和20 g·kg^-1）使土壤可交换态镉FDC降低了6.4%~63.2%,使大白菜地上部去离子水提取态镉和乙醇提取态镉的分配比例分别降低了2.1%~56%和11.8%~100%,相同沸石使用量下的降低效果以纳米沸石优于普通沸石.在1 mg·kg^-1 Cd条件下,大白菜地上部镉形态的FDC与土壤CAB-F和OM-F的FDC有显著相关性（P<0.05）;在5 mg·kg^-1 Cd条件下,大白菜地上部镉形态的FDC主要与土壤OM-F和RES-F形态的FDC存在显著相关性（P<0.05）.     

不同外源硒对镉污染土壤中小白菜生长及镉吸收的影响

为探究不同外源硒对镉的解毒作用的差异,并为土壤镉污染控制与农作物安全生产提供科学依据.采用土培盆栽试验,对比了不同施用量（0、0.5、1.0和2.5 mg·kg^-1）的亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐施入天然镉污染土壤,对小白菜生长（根长、株高、生物量和光合指标）及镉吸收、转运的影响.结果表明,低硒处理（≤1.0 mg·kg^-1）对镉的解毒作用优于高硒处理（2.5 mg·kg^-1）,亚硒酸盐对镉的解毒作用大于硒酸盐.其中,外源施入≤1.0 mg·kg^-1的亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐均提高了小白菜的SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度及生物量和株高,且以1.0 mg·kg^-1亚硒酸盐处理的效果最为显著（胞间CO₂浓度除外）;而高硒处理小白菜的各光合指标均显著低于低硒处理（蒸腾速率除外,P<0.05）.与未施硒处理（对照）相比,各硒处理均降低了小白菜对镉的吸收.其中,施入1.0 mg·kg^-1的亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐使得小白菜地上部的镉含量较对照处理分别显著降低了40.0%和20.5%（P<0.05）,但当施硒量为2.5 mg·kg^-1时两种外源硒均促进了镉向地上部转运,使更多的镉累积在小白菜的地上部.总之,施入适量外源硒对土壤镉有一定的解毒作用,表现为小白菜生物量的提高和镉的积累下降.推荐施用1.0 mg·kg^-1的亚硒酸盐用于镉污染土壤中镉的控制及安全利用.     

长江中游典型湖泊沉积物重金属分布特征、生态风险评估及溯源

集中采集洞庭湖、洪湖和赤湖表层沉积物样品并检测其中10种重金属含量,使用地理信息系统表征空间分布,利用地累积污染指数法（I_geo）、富集因子法（EF）和潜在生态风险指数法（RI）协同评估重金属积累的潜在风险,并利用相关性分析（Pearson）和主成分分析（PCA）溯源.结果表明,Cd元素的污染状况和潜在生态风险最为严重,东洞庭湖、洪湖和赤湖中ω（Cd）的平均值分别为2.85、1.59和3.57 mg·kg^-1,分别是对应省份土壤背景值的25.87、11.36和37.58倍,均超出风险筛选值（0.6 mg·kg^-1）,其中赤湖超出风险管制值（3.0 mg·kg^-1）.除Cd外,洪湖中的As值得关注,赤湖中的Cu、As、Zn和Pb都不容忽视.三湖的潜在生态风险排序为：赤湖（RI=1 127）>东洞庭湖（RI=831）>洪湖（RI=421）.重金属来源主要是工矿业冶采、农业生产和水产养殖等,部分重金属（Mn和Cu）为自然源.研究对长江中游典型湖泊沉积物重金属防控具有重要意义.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.