溶解氧和曝气时间对好氧反硝化菌脱氮效果的影响

研究室温条件下SBR反应器中好氧反硝化脱氮过程的实现,并在此基础上研究了溶解氧和曝气时间对好氧反硝化菌脱氮效果的影响。结果表明:升高溶解氧能够明显增加COD去除率;延长曝气时间能够提高COD、NO-3-N、TN去除率;并且在溶解氧浓度为3~4 mg/L、曝气时间为6 h的条件下,好氧反硝化菌对污染物去除率较高并且稳定,对COD、硝态氮和TN的去除率分别达到92.74%、89.41%、71%左右。     

SBR处理渗滤液深度脱氮的影响因素研究

为了解决垃圾渗滤液的脱氮难题,通过改变SBR的操作模式对渗滤液进行处理.同时,试验重点考察了操作模式、曝气时溶解氧、过曝气以及渗滤液碳氮比对工艺脱氮效果的影响.研究结果表明,采用改进SBR对渗滤液进行处理,在原水COD浓度为4000mg/L左右,氨氮浓度为1000mg/L左右,总氮浓度在1100mg/L左右的条件下,不添加任何碳源,出水COD小于500mg/L,氨氮浓度小于5mg/L,总氮浓度小于40mg/L,COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达到了85%、99%和95%以上.影响因素试验表明,反硝化菌中的PHA含量是影响系统脱氮效率的关键.曝气时较高的溶解氧、曝气前的厌氧搅拌以及尽量减少过曝气将提高系统的脱氮效率.同时,只要渗滤液碳氮比大于4,系统均可以对渗滤液实现深度脱氮.     

溶解氧对单级颗粒污泥自养脱氮系统影响的模拟

为了研究溶解氧对SBR单级颗粒污泥自养脱氮系统的影响,基于活性污泥ASM3模型和短程硝化-硝化-反硝化模型,将颗粒污泥传质过程与氨氧化菌（AOB）、厌氧氨氧化菌（AAOB）、亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）、反硝化菌（DNF）的生长过程、好氧内源呼吸及缺氧内源呼吸过程等耦合,建立了单级自养脱氮颗粒污泥动力学模型,并对颗粒内部基质浓度分布进行预测.结果显示,当DO为0.4mg/L时,好氧区和缺氧区（厌氧区）的比例为0.4：1;当DO为0.6mg/L时,颗粒污泥好氧区与缺氧区（厌氧区）的比例为3：1.同时,根据基质反应速率方程,建立了颗粒污泥的单级自养脱氮系统动力学模型,对SBR系统运行效果进行预测,结果显示,DO为0.6mg/L时,氨氮反应完全,亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮在5mg/L以下,总氮去除率模拟值为89%左右,略低于实际测量脱氮率95%.     

生物强化生物滤池去除海水养殖废水中氨氮

针对海水养殖水生物脱氮效果差的问题,将海洋菌株SF16接种到曝气生物滤池中,构建生物强化海水养殖废水处理系统,以未投加菌株SF16的曝气生物滤池作为对照,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)、盐度、碳氮比、溶解氧(DO)等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响。结果表明,菌株SF16能显著提高曝气生物滤池耐盐性和异养硝化-好氧反硝化脱氮效果。菌株SF16强化曝气生物滤池在HRT为4 h,盐度为3%～5%,高锰酸盐指数/NH_4~+–N为14,DO为4～5 mg/L的适宜工艺条件下,处理初始NH_4~+-N浓度为10 mg/L的模拟海水养殖废水,NH_4~+-N、TN和高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别达到95%、93%和80%以上,NO_3~-–N和NO_2~-–N积累量分别低于0.1 mg/L和0.02mg/L,出水无机氮和高锰酸盐指数达到《海水养殖水排放要求》(SC/T 9103-2007)的一级排放标准。该研究结果能够为菌株SF16在海水(浓海水)养殖系统废水处理工程中应用提供技术支持。     

循环流生物膜反应器同时硝化反硝化实验研究

研究了循环流软性填料生物膜反应器的同时硝化反硝化。实验结果表明,反应器中确实存在着同时硝化反硝化现象。考察了碳氮比(C/N)和溶解氧(DO)对同时硝化反硝化的影响。在进水COD和NH4+—N浓度为500mg/L、15mg/L时,出水COD、NH4+—N和TN浓度<50mg/L、3.0mg/L、4.5mg/L,COD去除率、硝化率和反硝化率分别达到90%、80%和70%。     

悬浮填料与好氧颗粒污泥脱氮对比试验研究

常温连续流条件下,分别在两个反应器中投加悬浮填料和接种好氧颗粒污泥,通过控制工艺条件,两个反应器中均实现了同步硝化反硝化(SND)。改变进水溶解氧DO浓度、碳氮比(C/N)、有机负荷和NH4+-N负荷,分析比较了两个反应器脱氮的重要工艺条件。试验结果表明,在相同的工艺条件下,悬浮填料脱氮最佳DO浓度为1.0mg/L左右,最佳C/N为12;好氧颗粒污泥脱氮最佳DO浓度为1.5mg/L,最佳C/N为5。提高进水有机负荷,两个反应器COD去除率均稳定在较高的水平。NH4+-N浓度升高时,反应器脱氮效率均降低,好氧颗粒污泥比悬浮填料更耐冲击负荷。     

曝气压力对MABR中同步硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

以模拟生活污水为研究对象,探讨膜曝气生物反应器(MABR)推流运行时不同曝气压力下不同点位分布的溶解氧值特征;利用MABR可形成好氧/缺氧/厌氧的环境特性,针对曝气压力对MABR同步硝化反硝化脱氮效果的影响进行研究,借助微生物鉴定手段对MABR的群落结构进行分析。研究结果表明:相同曝气压力下的DO值,轴向上波动较大,径向上以曝气膜为中心向外部逐渐降低;随着曝气压力的增加,不同点位分布的DO值均提高,同步硝化反硝化效率先升高后降低。当曝气压力为0.04MPa时出水的同步硝化反硝化脱氮效果最佳为74.67%。在此曝气压力下,微生物群落鉴定证明生物膜内出现了好氧-兼氧的分层现象,生物膜内由好氧菌、兼氧菌共同完成硝化、反硝化过程,主体液料由厌氧菌作为优势菌群进行反硝化作用,并且根据未检测出厌氧氨氧菌的鉴定结果排除发生厌氧氨氧化的干扰。     

AOA系统厌氧时间和溶解氧对内源反硝化脱氮速率的影响

为了探索提升基于内源反硝化的厌氧/好氧/缺氧(Anaerobic/Oxic/Anoxic,AOA)工艺脱氮效率的方法,本研究分别考察了前置厌氧时间和好氧阶段溶解氧(DO)对内源反硝化脱氮速率的影响.结果表明:在进水COD浓度为155.1mg/L时,厌氧时间为60min,缺氧阶段内源反硝化速率(EDNR)最高;在不同的进水COD条件下,控制适当的厌氧时间,当内碳源中的聚羟基烷酸酯(PHAs)积累量达到峰值时,EDNR最高;EDNR受到好氧阶段DO过量或不足的影响,当DO控制为1mg/L时,EDNR最高.通过厌氧时间优化与DO控制可将EDNR分别提高31.7%,18.4%.本研究为AOA工艺提高后置缺氧阶段EDNR提供了可行策略,有利于AOA工艺设计与运行策略优化.     

DO C/N对同步硝化反硝化影响的试验研究

在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)内,以模拟的城市污水为处理对象,研究DO、C/N等因素对同步硝化反硝化脱氮效率的影响。研究表明:采用连续曝气工艺,在进水COD=200mg/L,NH4+-N=30mg/L条件下,控制DO在0.5～1.5mg/L范围内时,出水TN浓度为1.98～6.3mg/L,TN的平均去除率在80%以上,最高去除率达到93.74%,并可推断出在反应系统内存在好氧反硝化菌;C/N在3.3～10之间时,C/N越高,出水NO3--N浓度越低,SND效果越好。     

A/O工艺生物除磷和好氧反硝化效果及影响因素研究

采用A/O工艺处理低碳源城市污水,研究了生物除磷和好氧反硝化脱氮效果及其影响因素。试验结果表明:①磷的出水浓度低于0.8mg/L,去除率达到92%~98%;②影响好氧反硝化的主要因素为DO和HRT。当DO控制在2mg/L左右,HRT控制在6h时,好氧反硝化效果最好。增加了脱氮效率,减少了碳源和需氧量。NH4+-N去除率高达94%,总脱氮率可高达76%左右。     

好氧反硝化脱氮气态中间产物的研究分析

对好氧反硝化处理硝氮废水产生的中间气态产物进行了研究。结果发现系统的好氧反硝化会产生一定量的中间气态产物NO、N2O,但逸出量相对较少,在进水COD/N=10时,NO逸出0.43mg,占总脱氮量的0.17%,N2O逸出9.17mg,占总脱氮量的3.55%;进水COD/N=20时,NO逸出0.23mg,占总脱氮量的0.05%,N2O为0.78mg,占总脱氮量的0.17%。同时发现碳源是影响好氧反硝化进程的主要因素。     

Effect of nitrate concentration on filamentous bulking under low level of dissolved oxygen in an airlift inner circular anoxic-aerobic incorporate reactor

This laboratory research investigated a possible cause of filamentous bulking under low level of dissolved oxygen conditions (dissolved oxygen value in aerobic zone maintained between 0.6-0.8 mgO2 /L) in an airlift inner-circular anoxic-aerobic reactor. During the operating period, it was observed that low nitrate concentrations affected sludge volume index significantly. Unlike the existing hypothesis, the batch tests indicated that filamentous bacteria (mainly Thiothrix sp.) could store nitrate temporarily under carbon restricted conditions. When nitrate concentration was below 4 mg/L, low levels of carbon substrates and dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone stimulated the nitrate-storing capacity of filaments. When filamentous bacteria riched in nitrate reached the anoxic zone, where they were exposed to high levels of carbon but limited nitrate, they underwent denitrification. However, when nonfilamentous bacteria were exposed to similar conditions, denitrification was restrained due to their intrinsic nitrate limitation. Hence, in order to avoid filamentous bulking, the nitrate concentration in the return sludge (from aerobic zone to the anoxic zone) should be above 4 mg/L, or alternatively, the nitrate load in the anoxic zone should be kept at levels above 2.7 mg NO-3N/g SS.     

Optimization and evaluation of a bottom substrate denitrification tank for nitrate removal from a recirculating aquaculture system

A bottom substrate denitrification tank for a recirculating aquaculture system was developed. The laboratory scale denitrification tank was an 8 L tank (0.04 m2 tank surface area), packed to a depth of 5 cm with a bottom substrate for natural denitrifying bacteria. An aquarium pump was used for gentle water mixing in the tank; the dissolved oxygen in the water was maintained in aerobic conditions (e.g. > 2 mg/L) while anoxic conditions predominated only at the bottom substrate layer. The results showed that, among the four substrates tested (soil, sand, pumice stone and vermiculite), pumice was the most preferable material. Comparing carbon supplementation using methanol and molasses, methanol was chosen as the carbon source because it provided a higher denitrification rate than molasses. When methanol was applied at the optimal COD:N ratio of 5:1, a nitrate removal rate of 4591 ± 133 mg-N/m2 tank bottom area/day was achieved. Finally, nitrate removal using an 80 L denitrification tank was evaluated with a 610 L recirculating tilapia culture system. Nitrate treatment was performed by batch transferring high nitrate water from the nitrification tank into the denitrification tank and mixing with methanol at a COD:N ratio of 5:1. The results from five batches of nitrate treatment revealed that nitrate was successfully removed from water without the accumulation of nitrite and ammonia. The average nitrate removal efficiency was 85.17% and the average denitrification rate of the denitrification tank was 6311 ± 945 mg-N/m2 tank bottom area/day or 126 ± 18 mg-N/L of pumice packing volume/day.     

进水C/N对富集聚磷菌的SNDPR系统脱氮除磷的影响

为了解富集聚磷菌(PAOs)的同步硝化反硝化除磷(SNDPR)系统的脱氮除磷特性,采用延时厌氧(180min)/低氧(溶解氧0.5~1.0mg/L)运行的SBR反应器,以实际生活污水为处理对象, 通过投加固态乙酸钠调节进水C/N值(约为11,8,4,3),考察其对系统脱氮除磷特性及同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮率的影响.结果表明:C/N对系统的除磷性能没有影响,出水PO43--P浓度均稳定在0.3mg/L左右,这是由于系统内聚磷菌(PAOs)含量高,且在低氧段可同时发生好氧吸磷与反硝化吸磷.随着C/N的增大,出水NH4+-N浓度升高,C/N下降时,出水NO3--N浓度升高.此外,随着C/N的减小,厌氧段反硝化所消耗的COD占进水COD的比例增大,SND可利用的内碳源-PHAs储存量减少,但PHV的利用率增加;当C/N为4~8时,SND现象最明显,SND脱氮率达50.8%,而其它C/N条件下,SND脱氮率都有相应程度的减弱.C/N为8时,系统出水综合指标最好,TN去除率高达80.8%.     

1株好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及反硝化特性研究

经BTB培养基初筛和反硝化活力定量测定,从草鱼养殖池水中分离得到1株具有较高脱氮效率的好氧反硝化菌F1.通过形态观察、生理生化特性及16S rDNA同源性分析,确定该菌株为施氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas stutzeri）.反硝化特性研究结果表明,该菌脱氮的最适碳源为乙酸钠、柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖和蔗糖,对硝酸盐的去除...     

厌氧/好氧SNEDPR系统处理低C/N污水的优化运行

为实现同步硝化内源反硝化除磷（SNEDPR）系统的优化运行,以实际生活污水为处理对象,采用厌氧（180min）/好氧运行的SBR反应器,并通过联合调控好氧段溶解氧（DO）浓度（0.3～1.0mg/L）和好氧时间（150～240min）,考察了该系统脱氮除磷特性.并结合荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术对系统优化过程中各功能菌群的结构变化情况进行了分析.试验结果表明,当系统好氧段DO浓度由约1.0mg/L逐渐降至0.3mg/L,且好氧时间由150min逐渐延长至240min后,出水PO₄^3--P浓度稳定在0.4mg/L左右,但出水TN浓度由14.3mg/L降至8.7mg/L,TN去除率由75%提高至84%.此外,随着好氧段DO浓度的降低,SNED现象愈加明显,SNED率由34.7%逐渐升高至63.8%.SNED的加强,降低了出水NO₃^--N浓度,并提高了系统的脱氮性能和厌氧段的内碳源储存量.FISH结果表明：经127d的优化运行,系统内PAOs,GAOs和AOB（氨氧化菌）仍保持在较高水平（分别全菌的29%±3%,20%±3%和13%±3%）,其保证了系统除磷、硝化和反硝化脱氮性能;但NOB（亚硝酸盐氧化菌）含量减少了50%,为系统内实现短程硝化内源反硝化提供了可能.     

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of N and P removal under different influent organic carbon concentration in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with simple anaerobic/aerobic operating mode. Experimental results indicated that, under the operating condition of influent N concentration of 89 mg/L and P concentration of 15 mg/L, when the influent C/N ratio increased from 1.5 to 6.9 (influent C/P ratio from 9 to 41), total N and P removal efficiency improved from 50% and 46% to 78% and 96% respectively. Track studies of N, P and other operating parameters demonstrated that N removal of the SBR was realized through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the aeration phase and anoxic denitrificaiton in the filling phase, P removal was accomplished through conventional anaerobic P release and aerobic P taken-up process. Keeping dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration during the first two aeration hours as low as 0.1-0.6 mg/L is essential for the simultaneous occurrences of nitrification, denitrification and P-taken up.     

有机基质对反硝化除磷效果的影响

文章研究了有机基质对反硝化除磷工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响,实验结果表明:有机基质是影响反硝化除磷效果的重要因素,磷的去除主要在缺氧阶段由反硝化除磷实现。实验保持N、P进水40 mg/L、8 mg/L不变,当COD/P≥31.25时,出水磷浓度小于1 mg/L,去除率大于85%,出水中氨氮和硝酸氮约为0,氮的去除率接近100%,COD的去除率在95%以上;当进水25≤COD/P≤31.25时,出水磷浓度为1~2.4 mg/L,去除率大于70%,氮的去除率接近100%,COD的去除率大于90%;研究结果推断,随着进水有机基质的降低,厌氧池聚磷菌放磷量逐渐减少,缺氧池反硝化除磷量也逐渐降低,二沉池出水磷酸盐含量逐渐升高,反硝化除磷的效率随着有机基质浓度的降低而逐渐降低。     

低C/N(<3)条件下SNEDPR系统启动及其脱氮除磷特性研究

为了解同步硝化内源反硝化除磷（SNEDPR）系统处理低C/N（<3）污水的脱氮除磷特性,采用厌氧/低氧（溶解氧0.5~1.0mg/L）运行的SBR反应器,以低碳城市污水为处理对象,考察了C/N对SNEDPR启动、脱氮除磷性能优化与菌群结构变化的影响.结果表明：进水C/N由4.3提高至5.15时,系统脱氮除磷性能均逐渐增强,系统总氮（TN）和PO₄^3--P去除率最高达89.3%和90.6%;降低进水C/N <3后,系统脱氮、除磷性能均呈现先降低后逐渐升高的趋势,但低C/N对PAOs（聚磷菌）除磷性能的影响高于其对反硝化聚糖菌（DGAOs）内源反硝化脱氮性能的影响,表现为TN和PO₄^3--P去除率分别先降低至21.4%和3.4%后逐渐升高至92.9%和94.1%.系统稳定运行阶段,单位COD平均释磷量和SNED率达437.1mgP/gCOD和89.1%,出水NH₄⁺-N、NO_x^--N和PO₄^3--P浓度平均为0,4.4,0.2mg/L.经136d的运行,系统内PAOs,GAOs,AOB（氨氧化菌）和NOB（亚硝酸盐氧化菌）分别占全菌的（16±3）%,（8±3）%,（7±3）%和（3±1）%,其保证了系统除磷、硝化和反硝化脱氮性能.此外,系统好氧段存在同步短程硝化内源反硝化,是实现低C/N（<3）污水高效脱氮除磷的原因.