可见光助三维电极/电Fenton处理罗丹明B废水的研究

提出了以多孔TiO2薄膜(Porous-TiO2)板为阳极,活性炭负载Fe-Ni共掺P25颗粒(Fe-Ni-P25/AC)为粒子电极的可见光助三维电极/电Fenton(Vis-3D/EF)降解有机废水的新方法.同时,考察了该体系对罗丹明B溶液的去除效果和影响因素,探讨了降解过程的反应动力学,并与常规阳极和粒子电极组成的体系处理能耗进行了对比,探讨了Vis-3D/EF体系各个作用对去除率的贡献及对罗丹明B的降解机理.实验结果表明,在电源电压20 V、溶液pH=3、Fe2+离子投加量0.5 mmol·L-1、曝气量1.5 L·min-1、反应时间60 min时,20 mg·L-1罗丹明B的降解率为96.84%,处理过程更符合二级反应动力学.在此条件下,Porous-TiO2阳极板和Fe-Ni-P25/AC粒子电极组成的体系,降解过程具有明显的协同催化特点,协同因子达1.22,且处理能耗仅为常规石墨(Gr)阳极、活性炭(AC)粒子电极组成体系的1/85.5.Vis-3D/EF降解过程中电催化氧化作用、Fenton氧化作用、可见光催化作用及可见光下的协同作用对去除率的贡献分别为43.88%、20.21%、15.26%和17.49%.同时,通过叔丁醇捕获实验发现,·OH对去除率的贡献为75.58%,表明·OH是该体系中产生的主要活性物质.     

活性炭负载型TiO_2光催化降解采油废水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了活性炭负载型的TiO2复合光催化剂,通过SEM和XRD对其进行表征,并利用采油废水的COD去除率来考察自制TiO2/AC复合催化剂对采油废水的处理效果。结果表明:活性炭表面负载了均匀的纯锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜,其晶粒尺寸为24.0 nm;TiO2/AC复合催化剂对采油废水中大多数有机物有不同程度的光催化降解;处理后采油废水COD去除率可达65.3%。     

活性炭粒子电极改性及其电催化性能

针对粒子电极电催化性能低、电能消耗大等问题,以柱状活性炭（AC）为载体,采用浸渍法制备负载金属的活性炭粒子电极,通过正交试验探究其最优制备条件,并应用Bohem返滴定法和SEM对改性活性炭进行表征。正交试验表明:粒子电极电催化性能受浸渍时间的影响比受浸渍浓度、焙烧时间、焙烧温度的影响更大。不同制备条件下的粒子电极形貌差异很大。在0.1 mol/L的浸渍液中浸渍12 h,400 ℃条件下焙烧4 h得到的粒子电极用于三维电极反应器中降解活性艳红X-3B,染料去除率达到85.97%,COD去除率达到65.61%,对比AC,染料去除率提高了5.29百分点,COD去除率提高了10.12百分点,能耗降低了13%。表明Ni/AC粒子电极可提高其电催化性能,降低能耗。     

石墨烯三维电极-电Fenton系统降解甲基橙

将三维电极和电Fenton系统结合电催化氧化降解甲基橙废水.制备了Fe₃O₄负载的氧化石墨烯粒子电极GO@Fe₃O₄（GF）和球形凝胶结构SA/GO@Fe₃O₄（SGF）粒子电极,对两种粒子电极进行了表征,探讨了三维电极-电Fenton（3D-EF）系统电催化氧化性能的影响因素,并进行了反应动力学分析,结合Box-Benhnken中心复合响应面设计建立响应面二次多元回归方程模型;采用紫外可见光谱和GC-MS技术研究甲基橙降解过程.结果表明,SGF粒子电极表面形成三维网络状褶皱结构.在初始pH=5,粒子电极投加量3.0g/L,反应时间90min,电流密度30mA/cm²,外加电压7V的反应条件下,SGF粒子电极体系的甲基橙色度和COD去除率分别是98.8%和87.5%,均高于GF粒子电极体系的甲基橙色度去除率87.2%和COD去除率71.2%.响应面模型预测的反应条件和甲基橙色度去除率和实验结果吻合.推测甲基橙降解过程分为3个阶段：断键氧化过程、开环过程和完全氧化过程.     

石墨烯三维电极-电Fenton系统降解甲基橙

将三维电极和电Fenton系统结合电催化氧化降解甲基橙废水.制备了Fe₃O₄负载的氧化石墨烯粒子电极GO@Fe₃O₄（GF）和球形凝胶结构SA/GO@Fe₃O₄（SGF）粒子电极,对两种粒子电极进行了表征,探讨了三维电极-电Fenton（3D-EF）系统电催化氧化性能的影响因素,并进行了反应动力学分析,结合Box-Benhnken中心复合响应面设计建立响应面二次多元回归方程模型;采用紫外可见光谱和GC-MS技术研究甲基橙降解过程.结果表明,SGF粒子电极表面形成三维网络状褶皱结构.在初始pH=5,粒子电极投加量3.0g/L,反应时间90min,电流密度30mA/cm²,外加电压7V的反应条件下,SGF粒子电极体系的甲基橙色度和COD去除率分别是98.8%和87.5%,均高于GF粒子电极体系的甲基橙色度去除率87.2%和COD去除率71.2%.响应面模型预测的反应条件和甲基橙色度去除率和实验结果吻合.推测甲基橙降解过程分为3个阶段：断键氧化过程、开环过程和完全氧化过程.     

多孔TiO2薄膜电极/泡沫镍硬模板制备及其光电催化性能

以泡沫镍为载体,活性炭为造孔剂,采用硬模板法制备泡沫镍负载多孔TiO2薄膜(Porous TiO,films/foam nicel,PTFN)电极,并利用XRD和SEM等测试手段对其结构进行表征.同时,通过亚甲基蓝溶液的光电催化降解反应,对其光电催化活性进行评价,并探讨阳极偏压、通气速率、亚甲基蓝初始溶液浓度和活性炭造孔剂量对降解效率的影响规律.结果表明:相对于未加模板造孔剂的TiO2薄膜电极的光电催化性能,泡沫镍负载多孔TiO2薄膜具有更好的光电催化性能,原因是高比表面积电极有利于为光电催化提供高浓度的亚甲基蓝分子,使反应速率加快;另外,存在最佳的光电催化降解条件,即当外加阳极偏压为3 V,通气速率为40 L·h-1,n(活性炭造孔剂最):n(前驱体中钛)(即C/Ti)为10％,亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为1mg·L-1时,光电催化降解效率最高.同时,研究发现,亚甲基蓝在光电催化降解过程中,通过自由基的氧化发生了C=N键的断裂去甲基化,最后被降解为H2O、CO2和SO42-、NO3-、Cl-离子.     

MOx颗粒活性炭镀层粒子电极对苯酚的电催化降解特性

为研究半导体金属氧化物颗粒活性炭镀层粒子电极苯酚电催化性能,采用溶胶-凝胶、氧化还原与热分解方法,将TiO₂、MnO₂与SnO₂-Sb和SnO₂-Sb-Mn纳米金属氧化物镀层于AC(颗粒活性炭)表面,制备了催化型粒子电极,使用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及循环伏安曲线(CV)对其物相组成、微观形貌及电催化活性进行表征与分析. 结果表明,这4类金属氧化物可以不同赋存状态存在于AC表面,粒子电极表面活性组分晶格尺寸分别为10.64、11.34、14.68及13.50 nm;催化型粒子电极电催化活性明显高于未负载AC,各粒子电极电催化活性顺序为SnO₂-Sb-Mn/AC>TiO₂/AC>SnO₂-Sb/AC>MnO₂/AC. 半导体金属氧化物镀层可提高填充床电极反应器苯酚废水的催化降解性能,废水苯酚及COD_Cr去除率显著提升,TiO₂/AC、MnO₂/AC、SnO₂-Sb/AC及SnO₂-Sb-Mn/AC粒子电极在电流密度为8.0 mA/cm2的条件下连续电解2.72 h,出水苯酚及COD_Cr去除率分别为87.1%、92.8%、90.4%、100.0%和92.5%、89.3%、88.7%、97.2%,高于AC粒子电极的84.2%和79.1%,并且可消除苯酚电催化反应中醌类物质积累.      

微米α-Fe_2O_3非均相电Fenton降解罗丹明B

以考察非均相电Fenton法处理罗丹明B(RhB)的影响因素为目的,采用水热法制备α-Fe_2O_3微米颗粒,钛涂钌铱(Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2)电极为阳极和阴极,组成非均相电Fenton体系降解RhB废水,探讨了微米α-Fe_2O_3投加质量浓度、pH和电流密度对RhB降解效果的影响,以及催化剂的循环使用效果。结果表明:当微米α-Fe_2O_3投加质量浓度为0.5 g/L,pH为3.0,电流密度为12 mA/cm~2时,反应60 min后,非均相电Fenton体系对RhB的去除率可达97.42%,且催化剂循环使用3次后,仍可以保持95%以上的去除率,具有较好的稳定性。     

负载型粒子电极电催化氧化苯酚的研究

以颗粒活性炭(AC)为载体,分别采用氧化还原法和热分解法制备了炭载纳米MnO2、SnO2-Sb-Mn粒子电极,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及电化学测试对其物相组成、微观形貌和电催化活性进行表征.结果表明,制备的MnO2晶粒主要以α-MnO2与δ-MnO2晶型聚团存在于AC孔隙边缘,SnO2-Sb-Mn活性组分则以固溶体形式分布于AC表面及孔隙内,两类晶体平均粒径分别为11.47,13.70nm,金属氧化物镀层可增加循环伏安曲线测试过程的伏安电荷量,提高粒子电极电催化活性.填充床苯酚模拟废水电催化降解实验表明,MnO2/AC与SnO2-Sb-Mn/AC填充床电极反应器出水苯酚及COD去除率均高于AC填充床,电流效率增大而能耗降低.在电流密度12.0mA/cm2和反应时间140min条件下,SnO2-Sb-Mn/AC粒子电极的苯酚及COD去除率分别为94.7%和90.4%,电流效率达62.7%,能耗为20.3kWh/kgCOD.     

负载型TiO2/活性炭的制备及光催化降解罗丹明B研究

通过溶胶-凝胶方法以活性炭(AC)为载体,制备负载型TiO2/AC,利用SEM、BET、XRD、Ranme、XPS对TiO2/AC的组成、结构、尺寸等特征进行分析和表征,并用紫外灯为光源,通过TiO2/AC、TiO2粉末和活性炭与TiO2粉末的混合物对可溶性罗丹明B的光催化降解效果的比较,探讨了TiO2/AC的光催化性能.结果表明,负载体中的TiO2是由30～60nm的球形颗粒组成,含有Ti,O,C等3种元素,颗粒间不发生团聚,其中一些C元素是由活性炭载体扩散到TiO2颗粒中的.由于活性炭载体与TiO2的协同作用以及高浓度Ti3+的影响,负载型TiO2/AC的光催化活性大.当TiO2/AC在250℃空气中热处理2h,再在氮气保护下500℃热处理2 h,TiO2的质量分数为(18±0.3)%时,负载型TiO2/AC对罗丹明B的光催化降解的表观反应常数k最大,为0.0077 min-1.     

Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO2 supported on activated carbon： Mechanism implication

The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon (TiO2-AC) under microwave irradiation. Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray di raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis (MPC), RhB (30 mg/L) was almost completely decoloured in 10 min, and the mineralization e ciency was 96.0% in 20 min. The reaction rate constant of RhB in MPC using TiO2-AC by pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was 4.16 times of that using Degussa P25. Additionally, according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) identification, the major intermediates of RhB in MPC included two kinds of N-de-ethylation intermediates (N,N-diethyl-N’-ethyl-rhodamine (DER)), oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, and phthalic acid, maleic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, and so on. The degradation of RhB in MPC was mainly attributed to the destruction of the conjugated structure, and then the intermediates transformed to acid molecules which were mineralized to water and carbon dioxide.     

Detection of intermediates in the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

The photocatalytic degradation of dye Rhodamine B （RhB） in the presence of TiO2 nanostdpe or P25 under visible light irradiation was investigated. The degradation intermediates were identified using Infrared spectra （IR spectra）, ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （^1HNMR） spectra, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. The IR and the ^1HNMR results showed that the large conjugated chromophore structure of RhB was efficiently destroyed under visible light irradiation in both the photocatalytic systems （TiO2 nanostfipe or P25 and Rhodamine B systems）. GC-MS results showed that the main identified intermediates were ethanediotic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and benzoic acid, which were almost the same in the TiO2 nanostdpes and P25 systems. This work provides a good insight into the reaction pathway（s） for the TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under visible light irradiation.     

Photoelectrochemical degradation of Methylene Blue with -PbO2 electrodes driven by visible light irradiation

-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. We confirmed pure -PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high oxygen evolution potential. The photoactivity and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the -PbO2 electrode were investigated under visible light irradiation ( > 420 nm) for the decolorization of Methylene Blue. Pseudo first-order kinetics parameter (Kapp) for dye decolorization using the -PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10?4 min?1 under visible light irradiation, which indicated its excellent visible light-induced photoactivity. The Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10?3 min?1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the -PbO2 electrode. A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC system. We also employed TiO2 modified -PbO2 electrodes in this test, which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the -PbO2 electrode inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode preparation. The -PbO2 electrode was also superior to the dimensionally stable anode (Ti/Ru0:3Ti0:7O2) in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency.     

超临界乙醇流体制取活性炭-TiO2光催化剂复合材料的研究

研究表明：在超临界乙醇流体介质下钛酸异丙酯能有效地分解成具光催化活性的锐钛矿型TiO2粒子，同时产生的TiO2粒子可与活性炭融合成一体，形成的活性炭－TiO2光催化剂复合材料具很好的光催化活性与吸附作用，而且具有的协同效应优于活性炭与TiO2样品的物理混合形式。     

活性炭负载TiO2催化剂对直接耐酸大红4BS溶液的光催化降解研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了活性炭负载型TiO2催化剂,采用了XRD、BET和SEM对催化剂进行表征。研究了催化剂对直接耐酸大红4BS的紫外光催化降解,比较了活性炭、P25和TiO2／AC对4BS溶液的降解能力,探讨了催化剂煅烧温度和投加量以及染料溶液的初始浓度对光催化降解率的影响,并对催化剂进行了回收再生实验。结果表明,500℃下煅烧的TiO2／AC催化剂比表面积为1147．88m^2／g、TiO2粒径为21．9nm、晶相组成以锐钛矿为主,具有良好的光催化活性和稳定性;90min后2g／L催化剂对150mg／L的4BS溶液紫外光催化降解率达到99．8％。     

TiO_2/AC催化臭氧氧化处理水中的苯酚

研究了单独臭氧氧化及以活性炭(AC)和负载二氧化钛的活性碳(TiO2/AC)为催化剂催化臭氧氧化处理水中苯酚的效果。考察了AC、TiO2/AC对苯酚的吸附特性及三种方法对苯酚的转化率及矿化率效果及其臭氧利用效率,并对氧化过程进行了动力学分析。实验结果表明:AC、TiO2/AC对苯酚的吸附均较好地符合Freundlich方程;催化臭氧氧化转化苯酚的效果高于单独臭氧氧化;TiO2/AC作催化剂有利于苯酚的最终矿化,同时提高了臭氧的利用效率;3种氧化反应均较好的符合二级动力学方程,TiO2/AC催化臭氧氧化苯酚的二级动力学常数为0.0001L/(mg.min),高于单独臭氧氧化0.00004L/(mg.min)和AC催化臭氧氧化0.00006L/(mg.min)。     

光催化/内电解协同处理分散蓝E-4R的研究

建立了微波无极紫外光催化氧化/内电解协同处理印染废水的新工艺。采用微波无极紫外光,以活性炭为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理分散蓝E-4R模拟废水。研究结果表明:协同工艺中主要是通过内电解过程产生的Fe3+捕获光电子来提高光催化作用的效率,而通过Fe2+催化H2O2形成光Fenton反应生成.OH的效应则较小。在曝气量为0.5 L/min、pH为5、铁屑投加量为40 g、染料初始浓度为50 mg/L时,分散蓝E-4R的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到99.56%、68.45%。     

Activated carbon supported TiO2-photocatalysis doped with Fe ions for continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor

Fe-doped TiO2 coated on activated carbon (Fe-TiO2/AC, FTA) composites were prepared by an improved sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray di ractometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and BET surface area analysis. Obtained FTA composites were applied to the continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor. The e ects of Fe ion content, catalyst content, UV-lamp power and flowrate of the continuous treatment of dye wastewater on degradation e ciency were analyzed to determine the optimum operating conditions of dye wastewater degradation. Continuous photocatalytic experiments provided interesting results that FTA had a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate compared with TiO2, Fe doped TiO2 (FT) and TiO2 coated on activated carbon (TA). In particular, when using the FTA catalyst with a Fe ion content of 0.33%, the kinetic content (k = 0.0376) of COD removal was more than the sum of both TA (0.0205) and 0.33% FT (0.0166). FTA showed a high photoactivity because of a synergistic e ect between Fe ions and AC on TiO2, which is higher than the individual e ects of AC or Fe ions on TiO2. Additionally, for the photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater, the optimum Fe ion content, catalyst content, UV-lamp power and flowrate were 0.33%, 6 g/L, 60 W (two lamps) and 300 mL/hr, respectively. An investigation of catalyst reuse revealed that the 0.33% FTA showed almost no deactivation in photocatalytic degradation of naturally treated wastewater.