工业生产废物最少化管理体系的探讨

本文论述了工业废物最少化的含义及技术,分析了影响废物最少化的经济因素及最少化管理体系的各种关系。为解决工业废物污染环境问题提出了新的思路。     

工业废物最少化管理与清洁生产

运用系统分析的方法阐述了工业废物最少化的宏观管理和微观管理,宏观管理上可建立“专家咨询和技术培训,立法措施及行政主管部门决策,工业企业实施及监督考核”的管理体系：微观管理则可建立具体的考核办法和指标,通过青岛市乡镇工业的实践证明,建立工业废物最少化管理体系并健全其运行机制,是推行清洁生产的必要条件。     

实行废物削减审计 推进生产废物减量化管理

实行废物削减审计推进生产废物减量化管理上海锻压机床厂潘炳炎废物削减审计是对企业生产全过程中每个环节、每道工序产生的污染和废弃物情况进行定量审查，找出高耗、排污的原因，然后提出对策，”制定预防方案。它以最优化的利用资源和废物排放量最少化效果为目的，提高...     

转变观念,实行全过程污染控制,实现废物最少化

本文从环境污染和环境保护的发展历程，阐述了废物最少化思想的形成，论述了废物最少化的概念以及内涵，并从多方面讨论了在中国实施废物最少化的必要性和可能性。     

废物最少化评价与应用

将模糊矩阵评价法方引入废物最少化方案的评价、筛选中，提出了减少废物量在内的六项评价指标，为客观地评价、筛选废物最少化方案提供了一种方法。     

废物量少化评价与应用

将模糊矩阵评价法方引入废物最少化方案的评价，筛选中，提出了减少废物量在内的六项评价指标，为客观地评价，筛选废物最少化方案提供了一种方法。     

采用热催化法净化工业废物中的石油气

在生产过程中,经常出现工业废物,尤其是因通风产生的废物含有大量的石油废气。当废物体积比较大的时候,即使石油废气含量为数不多,也会导致空气中污染物浓度的极度升高。因此,必须采用热催化法对工业废物中的石油废气进行科学的净化。目前所推行的方法是消耗能源最少的方法之一。为了有效地实施这种方法,应该择选工业催化器和氧化条件。不过,对不同的有机化合物,要采用不同的催化     

《上海环境科学》1995年总目录(1～12期总第131～142期)

栏 目题 目作者NO论上海环境与社会经济的协调发展环境审计方法与实践依靠科技进步,促进环保事业深入发展吕淑萍赵仲兴吕淑萍环 境管 理生态园林与城市环境保护“城郊型农副业综合经营生态区”探讨废物审计中物料平衡方法及其应用关于征收生态环境补偿费问题的探讨废物审计中方案筛选和可行性分析环境审计是防治污染的新举措工业企业环境保护微机管理系统以运行费用函数为基础制定超标污水收费标准环境决策支持系统研究进展强化综合整治,促进环发协调上海市重点污染企业(国家级)环境保护管理的探讨对上海的环境形势及环保工作重点的一些浅…     

循环经济与清洁生产

清洁生产与循环经济是实现可持续发展战略的重要途径。它们之间有着不可分割的内在联系，其总体都是预防污染，实质都强调生产过程中将废物最少化，资源化，无害化，对于开展清洁生产审核和发展循环经济具有指导意义。     

乡镇工业推行废物最少化的几点建议

乡镇工业推行废物最少化的几点建议国家环保局环境与经济政策研究中心孙炳彦８０年代初，乡镇企业异军突起。从１９８０年到１９９０年，乡镇企业总产值年均递增３０·１％，１９９０年至１９９２年年递增３６．５％，１９９．３年比上年增长５０％以上，发展势头越来越猛...     

工业废水排放最少化清洁集成技术的研究

从总结国内外经济入手,对我国实现需水量零增长的必要性进行了论述,预言２１首先在工业部门实现需水量的零增长,而实现这种零增长的必要条件是加强工业废水排放量最少化清洁集成技术。指出实施这种集成技术需要有能够推动和刺激该技术的配套政策和法令,以及具有高素质的管理人员。     

Cellar waste minimization in the wine industry: a systems approach

Waste minimization is slowly being adopted in the wine industry, owing to a combination of powerful drivers, which are either internally or externally motivated. However, these waste minimization practices in the wine industry are still carried out in an ad hoc fashion and have proven to be inefficient in many cases. The lack of a systematic methodology of synthesizing and targeting specific waste streams by the industry has been identified as a major cause of failure in realizing the full potential of waste minimization in the wine industry. This paper discusses a systems approach framework based on three fundamental concepts, viz. the identification of waste sources, detailed causative analysis of the wastes, as well as the derivation of feasible waste minimization alternatives based on the qualitative data and information obtained during process flowsheet evaluations. The application of the qualitative waste minimization methodology described in this study, led to the identification of 90 waste minimization strategies. Approximately 48% of the total number of strategies targeting intrinsic and extrinsic wastes falls in the category of process execution and management (operating practices). On the basis of these findings, waste minimization can yield considerable benefits to the wine industry on condition that it is incorporated as an integral part of the entire vinification process.     

Application of cleaner production technology in chemical industry: a near zero emission

The main objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate opportunities for implementation of pollution prevention and waste minimization in a chemical industrial company producing poly sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde which is used as a super plasticizer for concrete. Environmental problems encountered were mainly the highly polluted wastewater and a semi-solid cake containing considerable amount of the final product. Possible modules for remedial measures and their cost estimation were investigated. The proposed remedial modules included recycling of retained water discharge in filter press, recycling of washing water of reaction vessels (reactors), closed circuit cooling system for high-pressure pump, good housekeeping through control of leakage of raw material, products and water and finally utilization of retained residual product from the solid waste. The implemented pollution control measures proved to be cost effective and have short payback periods. Also, minimization of the hydraulic and organic loads in the final effluent was achieved.     

The need for global coordination in sustainable development

Natural resources are being depleted at faster rates than ever; this highlights the need for global audits and actions to reverse the depletion. Coordinated efforts by various organizations are essential to quantify reserves and demands in such audits in order to enable the development and implementation of strategies for sustainable recovery, usage, and recycling of natural resources. This paper discusses such audits in several industries and puts forward analytical and technical methods and policies for sustainable recovery, usage and recycling of resources in those industries. Scenario analysis can help to provide better future directions for industries whilst eco-industrial parks could improve the efficiency of usage of available resources and waste products through synergies among different industries on a regional basis. Sustainable manufacturing within industries such as micromachining, cement and leather could further reduce consumption of natural resources. New technologies in mineral recovery could help to recover valuable minerals present in concentrates generated by various processes such as reverse osmosis of sea water, chemical processing of minerals, and domestic and industrial wastewater treatments. These areas are discussed in this special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production. It is imperative that the efforts by various organizations toward sustainable management of natural resources should compliment each other to minimize duplication; furthermore policy makers should play greater roles in developing and implementing policies and procedures to support such sustainable development oriented approaches simultaneously throughout the world in a coordinated and proactive manner for the short and long term future.     

美国有害废弃物污染防治对策的动向

美国现有2.4亿人口,每年约产生2.5亿吨有害废弃物。近年来有害废气物产生量不断增加,所造成的危害成了重大的社会问题。为此,美国制定了资源保护再生法和风险基金法,依法进行管理和处理。在两法的基础上,美国环保局(EPA)实施了废弃物削减计划和风险基金技术评价(SITE)计划。下面就其主要内容加以介绍。 1 资源保护再生法资源保护再生法的最终目标是,保障人体健康和保护环境;减少废弃物量,合理使用能源和保护自然资源;削减有害废弃物的产生量。资源保护再生法所指的废弃物是,从家庭排出的厨房垃圾,商业和工业的碎屑,上下水处理设施和大气污染防治设施产生的污泥和其它废弃物。工业、商业、矿业、农业等产生的固体、液体和含有气体的废弃物。它不包括家庭污水和水质净化法控制的产业排水。有害废弃物是指具有易燃性、腐蚀性、反应性和浸出毒性较强的固体废弃物。     

中国工业危险废物的环保管理现状与对策建议研究

从危险废物的涵义出发,指出了危险废物的特性和分类,分析了中国工业危险废物的产生和处置现状,工业危险废物对水体、大气、土壤和人体健康的危害.从工业企业、经营单位和环保部门三个层面,指出了工业企业危废业务薄弱和管理不规范,危险废物经营单位处置能力不足和结构不合理以及危险废物环境监管能力不足的三大问题,提出了解决好危险废物的出路问题、抓好重点种类危废管理和深化重点企业规范化管理的三项对策建议,做出了必须强化危险废物规范化管理的结论.     

重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制分析及对策研究

通过对重庆市2008年-2012年连续5年大宗一般工业固体废物的产生、利用和处置现状进行统计分析,指出了重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制中存在的问题.针对重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物产生特征、综合利用现状以及环境管理需求,从推动企业清洁生产审核、开展工业共生项目、综合整治现存污染源、强化环境管理等方面,提出大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制对策和建议,为重庆市工业固体废物的全过程环境管理提供参考.     

Waste minimization and its ecological evaluation A case study in printed circuit board manufacture

The printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturers face several problems regarding the waste they generate. In Austria, a detailed study for waste minimization was carried out with three PCB manufacturers and one electroplating company. In this project a lot of ecologically and economically effective options were found and implemented. The ecological evaluation of processes is still an unsolved problem. Several evaluation models are tested on selected processes of the project.     

工艺流程节点分析法在工业危险废物调查中的应用研究

以往中国工业危险废物产生信息主要是依靠工业固体废物的排污申报登记信息和环境统计信息,没有建立危险废物的专门调查方法,信息不准确严重影响工业危险废物产生的准确性和管理决策的科学性.提出工艺流程节点分析法应用于工业危险废物调查,是一种基于物料平衡原理,强调应特别重视现场调查之前的充分准备,通过对整个生产工艺流程及其每个环节进行分析,以获取工业危险废物产生源资料信息,实现工业危险废物污染源调查.该方法可为调查工业危险废物的产生特性、污染特性与去向等提供技术支持,为各级环保部门准确掌握工业危险废物信息提供技术基础.