清洁生产审核和制糖业绩效同业对标统计

通过对云南制糖业的清洁生产审核和中国糖业协会云南连续三年的甘蔗制糖企业绩效同业对标的关系进行分析,说明了甘蔗制糖企业绩效同业对标活动可以促进制糖业清洁生产,对于提高生产水平、促进技术进步、节能减排起到了积极的推动作用,是对制糖业清洁生产审核工作非常好的完善。     

清洁生产与节能减排

清洁生产是污染物减排最直接、最有效的方法,是实现“十一五”节能减排目标的重要举措。本文通过对某化工企业清洁生产审核实例的分析,表明清洁生产不仅能从源头上控制污染,减污、增效,而且能从全过程节能、降耗,促进企业节能减排,为企业降低能耗指标提供了技术支持。     

推行清洁生产，促进节能减排实证研究——以重庆市某企业清洁生产方案实施为例

经济的高建发展带来巨大的环境压力,推行清洁生产,促进节能减排成为必然的发展趋势。本文阐释了清洁生产与节能减排的内涵及两者的相互关系,总结了国内外节能减排的一系列举措及其新进展。以重庆市某企业清洁生产审棱为例,从技术、环境和经济三个层面分析重庆市某企业清洁生产审棱中提出的清洁生产方案实施效果,实证推行清洁生产对节能减排的促进作用,提出通过完善政策法规体系、提高企业领导对清洁生产的重视程度、促进技术创新、转变领导片面追求GDP增长的认识等措施来达到推行清洁生产、促进节能减排的目标。     

甘蔗制糖业清洁生产技术指标体系

实施清洁生产是保证甘蔗制糖业可持续发展的根本途径。本文在分析国内外甘蔗制糖生产技术水平的基础上，结合我国甘蔗制糖业的工艺特点、污染特征，按照清洁生产的要求，提出甘蔗制糖企业的清洁生产技术指标体系，该体系包括资源能源利用、产品、污染物产生、生产工艺与装备、废物回收利用和环境管理共6个方面的评价指标。     

危险废物处理处置企业清洁生产案例研究

为了给危险废物处理处置企业开展清洁生产提供一些基础性引导,先对比分析了危险废物处理处置企业和常规企业开展清洁生产的异同,然后以采用水泥回转窑协同处置危险废物的R公司为例,从8个方面进行产排污和清洁生产潜力分析,并结合危险废物处理全过程开展物料平衡分析,提出可行的无/低费方案和中/高费方案共19项。研究结果表明,危险废物处理处置企业存在可观的清洁生产和节能减排潜力,通过开展清洁生产可有效从源头防治二次污染,实现节能减排。     

甘蔗制糖业清洁生产技术指标体系

实施清洁生产是保证甘蔗制糖业可持续发展的根本途径。本文在分析国内外甘蔗制糖生产技术水平的基础上，结合我国甘蔗制糖业的工艺特点、污染特征，按照清洁生产的要求，提出甘蔗制糖企业的清洁生产技术指标体系，该体系包括资源能源利用、产品、污染物产生、生产工艺与装备、废物回收利用和环境管理共6个方面的评价指标。     

电解铝行业清洁生产实践

概述了电解铝行业清洁生产实践,分析说明企业实施清洁生产后,能够达到污染减排、节能降耗、提高企业经济效益的目的。     

广东省清洁生产企业情况分析及效果评价

对广东省75家清洁生产企业开展清洁生产的情况进行了分析,这些企业通过清洁生产工作获得了较好的经济效益和环境效益,直接经济效益达到9．39亿元/a,实现废水减排2991．71万t／a,COD排放减少0．94万t／a,SO2减排0．55万t/a,环境效益显著。     

城镇生活污水厂实行清洁生产途径分析

结合企业清洁生产理论,根据污水处理厂实际情况,从“节能、降耗、减排、增效”出发,详细阐述了污水厂实行清洁生产的途径。指出节约电能、新鲜水、药剂,减少污染物排放是污水处理厂清洁生产的主要出发点。并进行实例分析。     

论将强制性清洁生产审核作为“十二五”总量减排的主要手段

针对＂十二五＂期间污染减排压力,提出分行业将＂减排企业＂强制性清洁生产审核纳入减排规划中,以污染物减排量作为审核目标,分八个方面深挖减排潜力,将清洁生产审核绩效纳入减排核算中。并提出促进＂减排企业＂实施强制性清洁生产审核的政策和资金的约束激励机制。     

某麦芽生产厂废水管理与处理实践研究

麦芽生产过程包括清选、浸麦、发芽、烘干以及除根等工序,废水主要来自于浸麦、发芽等工序。某麦芽生产厂根据麦芽过程用水和废水产生的特点,采用设备改进、加强工艺管理、用水管理、废水回用、提高员工技能等措施,通过源头削减和生产全过程控制,合理调节生产用水,降低生产用水量和废水产生量,麦芽生产水耗指标为2.4 m3水/吨麦芽。麦芽废水采用SBR工艺进行处理,出水水质满足排放标准要求。该麦芽企业废水管理和处理经验为同行业提供了较好的案例。     

Clean technology in the production of epichlorohydrin

The conventional production of epichlorohydrin takes place via allyl chloride and dichlorohydrin. A major disadvantage of this chemical process is the formation of a large amount of chlorinated organic by-products, which are found partially in the voluminous effluent. In order to reduce this emission to surface water, measures have to be taken. Technical measures varying from end-of-pipe techniques to alternative processes have been evaluated. Application of end-of-pipe techniques is not the optimal solution for emission reduction, either technically or economically. Results from in-process measures focused on reduction of the amount of waste water and contaminants are more promising. However, the development of an alternative route is necessary in order to obtain a process with minimal emissions and minimal costs.     

Assessment of cleaner production options for alcohol industry of China: a study in the Shouguang Alcohol Factory

The alcohol industry in China makes an important contribution to the national economy. However, the associated pollution problems cause gradual deterioration of the ambient environment and adverse impacts on the local community. Cleaner production (CP) technology, as an effective way to reduce waste emission and save resources, has been widely employed in the alcohol industry across the developed countries. In China, although such technologies have been applied in a number of factories, an integrated assessment and implementation procedure is lacking for proceeding with practical CP technologies for alcohol factories in China. To solve such problems, a series of cleaner production options are proposed and assessed in this study. Five groups of CP options were screened, on factory survey, expert questionnaires, and integrated assessment. With the consideration of environmental impacts and economic efficiency, four CP options combined with various advanced CP technologies, such as high-concentration wort fermenting, CO₂ reuse, different pressure distilling, methane and fertilizer production, were proposed. To verify the proposed options, a case study was carried out in the Shouguang Alcohol Factory (SAF), East China. The characteristics of resources consumption and waste emission during the production process were identified. A comprehensive evaluation of the proposed options was conducted from different aspects. An integrated cleaner production system based on the proposed options was formed and then implemented in the factory. Through the four years of practice, the productivity/quality of alcohol product were improved, but and the reduction of waste and pollution were achieved as well as a marked increase in water/energy savings. This study provides theoretical and practical support for extensive application of cleaner production technologies and sustainable development in the alcohol industry of China.     

湘潭市“十一五”总量减排措施对温室气体减排协同效应评价研究

量度污染减排的协同效应对低成本有效地实现减排目标具有重要意义。本研究以总量减排的“工程减排”、“结构减排”和“管理减排”三种手段为出发点,开发了分类式污染减排的协同效应评价方法。并据此,定量评价了湘潭市“十一五”总量减排措施对温室气体减排的协同效应。研究表明,总量减排措施对减缓全球温室气体排放既有正效益,也有负效应,还有零的情况存在,不同减排技术和措施产生不同的协同效应,但总体上有显著的正协同效益。     

嘉善水源保护地污染源分布与水源保护措施

嘉善县域近年地下水大量开采产生了系列问题,这使得寻找新水源地成为嘉善重大的社会经济问题.经过反复论证,嘉善县确定以太浦河作为新取水口,分设二个地表水水厂,统一供水.该取水工程的建设运行,不但要求加强上游来水水质的监测和评价,而且周围水环境的基础标准也必须同步提高.调查嘉善境内太浦河沿岸地区的基本情况并分析影响该区域水质量的主要污染因素,有利于针对性地提出水源保护的相关措施,控制污染,保证水质.     

渤海与主要国际海湾水环境污染治理成效比较研究

自20世纪70年代开始,美国切萨皮克湾、欧洲波罗的海、日本濑户内海及东京湾开展了海洋环境污染治理,采取了一系列减少氮和磷向海洋输入的行动。经过30余年,上述海域总氮和总磷输入量明显减少,尤其是东京湾的总磷输入量减少70%以上。但是海水水质改善程度远低于减排幅度,切萨皮克湾水质达标率增幅仅为15%左右,日本濑户内海和东京湾的总氮、总磷浓度降幅仅为30%左右,波罗的海总体治理效果更差,水体中总氮和总磷的浓度未见明显减少。相比之下,我国渤海海域直排海污染源中氨氮、总氮及总磷入海量削减十分显著,尤其是“十三五”以来,削减幅度均在50%以上,其中氨氮削减超过90%,四类和劣四类海水水质面积在2012年达到峰值后持续降低,降幅近90%。可见,渤海氮、磷削减幅度和水质改善程度均远超上述几个国际主要半封闭海域,渤海综合治理攻坚战成效显著。     

广州市城市供水水源的合理开发与保护

由于居民生活和商业用水量的急剧增加和市域内水源水质的下降，广州市面临着严重的水质性缺水的威胁。     

化工香料生产企业真空泵优化技改的环境效益分析

以钱塘江上游某化工香料企业的泵优化技改为例,通过分析物料输送泵优化技改前后的工艺流程和污染物排放情况,从而佐证化工行业物料输送泵的选型与污染物排放量是密切相关的,可以达到指导该类项目的环境影响评价和清洁生产审核,同时也能为企业的节能减排提供一定的技术依据。     

莱州湾陆海污染源多级监测和评价分析系统

渤海是我国唯一半封闭型内海,是我国近岸海域环境问题最为突出的海区之一。近年来由于国家对渤海环境保护和治理工作不断重视,其水质恶化势头得到遏制,但由于缺乏陆海统筹、部门区域联动的控制机制,制约了减排措施的有效实施。而构建支撑陆海协同监控和评价的信息化和智能化系统是解决该问题的关键措施。本文以莱州湾为典型应用场景,通过构建陆海污染源多级监测和评价分析系统,实现高精度多级陆海联动的入海通量监测评估、污染源解析、海域水质变化和入海排污响应分析等主要功能,进而为阐明渤海水质变化和陆源排污关系,建立污染物入海总量控制技术体系和高效精准的减排方案提供参考决策平台。     

Cleaner production in Mauritian cane-sugar factories

A growing awareness of the impacts of pollution on the environment, coupled with the introduction of sectoral effluent standards by the Mauritian environment authorities, have led to the current situation whereby the sugar factories need to introduce appropriate water and wastewater management systems. The cane-sugar industry has been given 3 years to comply with the legislation on effluent standards. During that 3 year period the industry will have to investigate cleaner production opportunities, select appropriate waste treatment technologies, gain operational experience and confidence with the technology and introduce environmental management systems. The case-study taken from the cane-sugar industry in Mauritius illustrate the extent to which environmental improvements are possible through cleaner production.