高分子固体废物基活性炭对有机染料的吸附解吸行为研究

分别以3种高分子固体废物,即轮胎橡胶、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为原料,利用KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭.通过吸附实验研究了活性炭对2种有机染料(亚甲基蓝和甲基橙)的吸附、解吸行为,同时探讨了溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对吸附的影响.结果表明,PVC和PET基活性炭比表面积分别为2 666和2 831 m2.g-1,中孔容积分别为1.06和1.30 cm3.g-1,15 min内对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的去除率分别高达98.5%和97.0%、99.5%和95.0%,且Langmuir模型拟合的染料最大吸附量均超过2 mmol.g-1,显著高于商业活性炭F400.Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述2种染料的吸附行为,说明吸附以表面单层覆盖为主.溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对染料吸附均有较大影响.制备的高分子基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附强于甲基橙,2种染料均不容易发生解吸.实验结果可为高分子固体废物的资源化利用、制备经济高效的碳质吸附材料提供科学依据.     

Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly （acrylic acid）/vermiculite hydrogel composites

A series of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite hydrogel composites were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the investigation of the e ect of process parameters such as vermiculite content, pH of dye solution, contact time, initial concentration of dye solution, temperature, ionic strength and concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption capacity for dye increased with increasing pH, contact time and initial dye concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature, ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the present of the surfactant. The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the hydrogel composite followed pseudo second-order kinetics and the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm. By introducing 10 wt.% vermiculite into chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) polymeric network, the obtaining hydrogel composite showed the highest adsorption capacity for MB, and then could be regarded as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal in a wastewater treatment process.     

Comparison of activated carbon and iron/cerium modified activated carbon to remove methylene blue from wastewater

The methylene blue(MB)removal abilities of raw activated carbon and iron/cerium modified raw activated carbon(Fe–Ce-AC)by adsorption were researched and compared.The characteristics of Fe–Ce-AC were examined by N_2adsorption,zeta potential measurement,FTIR,Raman,XRD,XPS,SEM and EDS.After modification,the following phenomena occurred:The BET surface area,average pore diameter and total pore volume decreased;the degree of graphitization also decreased.Moreover,the presence of Fe_3O_4led to Fe–Ce-AC having magnetic properties,which makes it easy to separate from dye wastewater in an external magnetic field and subsequently recycle.In addition,the equilibrium isotherms and kinetics of MB adsorption on raw activated carbon and Fe–Ce-AC were systematically examined.The equilibrium adsorption data indicated that the adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm,and the pseudo-second-order model matched the kinetic data well.Compared with raw activated carbon,the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Fe–Ce-AC increased by27.31%.According to the experimental results,Fe–Ce-AC can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of MB from dye wastewater.     

改性活性炭对水中PFOS的吸附去除研究

分别用FeCl3及中功率微波对煤质和椰壳2种粉末活性炭进行改性.序批式实验研究了活性炭改性前后对全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的吸附特性.结合活性炭改性前后表面化学官能团和孔结构的变化特征,探讨了不同改性方式对PFOS吸附去除的影响效应以及天然有机物中的主要组成成分腐殖酸对PFOS在原炭及改性炭上的竞争吸附效应.结果表明,Fe3+及中功率微波处理对煤质炭和椰壳炭的孔结构和表面性质都有影响,但变化趋势不同.椰壳活性炭经Fe3+及中功率微波改性后对PFOS的吸附量明显提高,而煤质活性炭经改性后对PFOS的吸附量出现下降.改性椰壳活性炭与原炭吸附PFOS达到吸附平衡的时间基本相同,均为6 h左右.在腐殖酸存在下,改性椰壳炭对PFOS的吸附量因竞争吸附而有所下降,但改性炭的吸附量仍明显高于原炭.     

新型腐植酸类净水剂的研制

优选粘结剂制备的新型风化煤粒状净水剂，对印染废水有良好的处理效果，废水处理略为活性炭处理量的70％，而活性炭的价格略为该净水剂的30倍，文中研究了该净水剂的制造工艺，并进一步探讨了吸附机理。     

不同活性炭活化过硫酸盐的效能及机理的规律研究

选取煤质活性炭(F400D)、木质活性炭(Norit)和椰壳活性炭(Youshi)作为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,通过动力学实验研究了不同活性炭对过硫酸盐的活化效能及机理,考察了氯化钠和碳酸钠对活性炭/过硫酸盐体系的影响.结果表明,3种活性炭/过硫酸盐体系均可实现橙黄G的高效去除,效能略有差异,依次为:F400D/PSNorit/PSYoushi/PS.活性炭对染料的去除包括吸附作用和活化过硫酸盐的氧化降解作用,吸附位点与活化位点在活性炭上具有不同的分布.活性炭/过硫酸盐体系对1~100 mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠有很强的耐受作用,适用于高盐废水中有机污染物的去除.1~10 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠对体系有明显的抑制作用.     

Synthesis of malachite@clay nanocomposite for rapid scavenging of cationic and anionic dyes from synthetic wastewater

Synthesis of malachite@clay nanocomposite was successfully carried out for the removal of cationic (Methylene Blue, MB) and anionic dyes (Congo Red, CR) from synthetic wastewater. Nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, SEM, FT-IR, EDS analysis and zeta potential. TEM analysis indicated that the particle diameter of nanocomposite was in the range of 14 to 23 nm. Various important parameters viz. contact time, concentration of dyes, nanocomposite dosage, temperature and solution pH were optimized to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. In the case of MB, removal decreased from 99.82% to 93.67% while for CR, removal decreased from 88.55% to 75.69% on increasing dye concentration from 100 to 450 mg/L. pH study confirmed the higher removal of CR in acidic range while MB removal was higher in alkaline range. Kinetic study revealed the applicability of pseudo-second-order model for the adsorption of both dyes. Negative values of ΔG⁰ for both systems suggested the feasibility of dye removal and support for spontaneous adsorption of CR and MB on nanocomposite. Nanocomposite showed 277.77 and 238.09 mg/g Langmuir adsorption capacity for MB and CR respectively. Desorption of dyes from the dye loaded nanocomposite was easily carried out with acetone. The results indicate that the prepared malachite@clay nanocomposite is an efficient adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for the aforementioned dyes.     

原位载铁中孔活性炭吸附As和天然有机物效能

采用配煤、原位浸渍和两步活化法制备了4种原位载铁活性炭（FGL1/2/3/4）,并以空白炭C-GL为基础的表面铁浸渍后改性炭（Fe-GL-2/3/4）为对照,研究了原位载铁炭对水中As和腐植酸（HA）的同步吸附效能.结果表明,炭化料原位载铁促进了比表面积（S_BET）和中孔结构的发育.其中,原位载铁炭FCL4（载铁量6.51%）在45Å~480Å的范围内的中孔容积（V_mes）比C-GL增加了0.1146cm³/g;而后改性载铁则造成S_BET和V_mes的显著降低.原位载铁同时促进了表面碱度的增加,保证了中性条件下更好的As离子吸附能力;FCL4对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的Langmuir最大吸附量（L-Q_max）分别达到2.566和2.825mg/g.原位载铁炭进一步发育的中孔结构促进了对HA（<10mg DOC/L）的吸附效能,FGL4对HA的Langmuir最大吸附量（Q_HA）达到46.25mg DOC/g.As-HA共存体系内FGL4对各组分的吸附容量有所降低,但As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的吸附容量仍达到2.325和2.675mg/g.     

Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

改性活性炭对水溶液中苯酚的吸附研究

研究了活性炭在酸（HNO3,H2SO4,HCI）和碱（NaOH,氨水）处理后对苯酚吸附性能的影响,测定了活性炭的亚甲基蓝值、碘值扣表面官能团等基本物理化学参数。研究发现：碱改性使活性炭上酸性官能团数量减少。碱性官能团增加,增强了活性炭对苯酚类疏水性物质的吸附客量。NaOH、氨水改性活性炭对苯酚的吸附值比未改性活性炭分别提高了56,70％和47．40％。