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蛋白质加合物作为分子生物标志物的分析研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为了探索研究用人的静脉血中蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物作为人接触苯乙烯的分子生物标志物的可行性 ,用改进的 Ra-Ni方法分析测定蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物 .收集大白鼠鲜血与环氧苯乙烯体外反应的加合物样品 ,用定量苯乙烯 ,环氧苯乙烯染毒的大白鼠血样品和 2个现场接触苯乙烯的工人静脉血 (石棉厂 ,钢琴厂 )样品 ,测所有样品里的蛋白质加合物 .结果表明体外反应样品 ,所测的蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物与环氧苯乙烯剂量有较好的相关性 ;动物实验样品所测的蛋白质加合物分别与注射环氧苯乙烯 ,苯乙烯剂量呈较好的相关性 ;现场人群的样品 ,所测石棉厂的人群血中蛋白质加合物与接触苯乙烯剂量有一定的相关性 ,而钢琴厂的人群血样中所测的蛋白质加合物与接触苯乙烯剂量相关性不明显 .根据蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物与剂量的关系 ,初步确认用血红蛋白中的半胱氨酸 -环氧苯乙烯加合物作为人接触苯乙烯的分子标志物有可行性 .同时为用蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物作为人接触低浓度苯乙烯的分子生物标志物提供可靠的现场实验数据 . 相似文献
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欧美于20世纪90年代开始系统研究环境内分泌干扰物(EDs),为此成立了专门的工作机构负责EDs研究的规划与协调工作。研究框架包括确认EDs对人类和生态效应的方法,剂量一效应关系模型以及检测环境暴露水平等。研究对环境威胁最大受试物的主要毒理学终点有致癌性,生殖发育毒性,神经毒性和免疫毒性,目前危险评价的新进展是应用定量结构活性关系(QSAR)模型预测化学物的安全性。 相似文献
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综述了聚乳酸(PLA)微塑料单一暴露以及与其他污染物复合暴露的毒性效应,并探讨了PLA微塑料对生物的毒性作用机制.PLA微塑料的摄入会影响生物体的摄食、生长、存活、繁殖和运动行为;PLA微塑料与有机物和重金属复合污染对生物体存在一定的潜在风险;PLA微塑料主要通过机械损伤、氧化应激、神经损伤及免疫损伤对生物体造成损害.未来仍需对老化或降解的PLA微塑料的毒性效应、对陆地生物的复合暴露毒性效应与机制及其对全球生态系统和生物地球化学循环的影响等方面开展探索和研究,以期为今后PLA微塑料的环境生态风险评估提供思路. 相似文献
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综述了遗传毒性化学物质与DNA的加合作用,以及DNA加合物形成后在致癌作用中的影响,说明DNA加合物的形成及剂量关系可以为化学物质致癌能力的指标,比较了DNA加合物检测方法的特点及DNA加合物研究的前景。 相似文献
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美国环境保护局(EPA)修订的评估环境化学致癌物危险性的导则称儿童比成人更易受环境致癌物影响.该导则基于化学物质致癌机理而对致癌物管理做了不同处理.此前,EPA的缺失假设是致癌物的危险性和接触剂量呈线性关系,现在EPA准备放弃这一假设. 预期该导则将于2003年年中生效.根据该导则,EPA将首先考察所有有关某一个化学物质的数据,如果该物质不是直接损害DNA而是通过其他途径致癌,则将考虑不一定有线性关系.这意味着对一些不通过损害DNA致癌的物质控制将不那么严格. EPA还发布一份评价儿童暴露于致癌物的文件初稿,这是EPA第一次试图… 相似文献
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IntroductionAirpollutionproblemsasaresultoffastgrowthinthetotalnumberofvehiclesinurbancitiesareontheincrease .PreliminaryepidemiologicalexposureassessmentsuggestthatthedetrimentaleffectofairpollutiongeneratedbyvehiculartrafficindevelopingcitieslikeBangkok… 相似文献
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为了解石油工业区土壤中PAHs(多环芳烃)的污染特征、来源及潜在危害,选择兰州市西固区为研究区域,系统采集表层土壤样品及部分剖面样品,采用GC-MS检测方法,分析了土壤中PAHs的污染水平与分布、来源及潜在致癌风险. 结果表明:研究区表层(0~20 cm)土壤中w(∑PAHs)(22种PAHs的总质量分数)在535~32 300 μg/kg之间;PAHs在土壤剖面的纵向分布上主要集中在5~10 cm,在0~25 cm范围内变化不明显;表层土壤中PAHs主要以2~3环为主. 相关性分析显示,土壤中w(∑PAHs)与w(TOC)无显著的相关性,表明TOC并非影响土壤中PAHs持留的重要因素. 研究区土壤中PAHs主要来源于石油、生物质和煤炭的燃烧,∑TEQBaP (22种PAHs的毒性当量浓度,以苯并芘等效浓度计)平均值为190 μg/kg,表明土壤中PAHs的潜在致癌性较低. 相似文献
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遗传毒理学短期测试方法的发展及在检测饮用水方面的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
总结了目前遗传毒理学短期生物测试方面的进展,如Ames试验、微核试验等的发展。为了对短测的试验结果作出合理的解释,较系统地分析了常见致癌物筛选不准确的原因。阐述了分子生物学技术在遗传毒理学中的运用与常见的检测致突变的方法。分子生物民传统的遗传危险性评价方法相比,有着不可比拟的优势,该文还从不同的角度讨论了短测在检测饮用水方面的应用。 相似文献
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With increasing emission of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment, it is important to understand the effects of ambient concentration of AgNPs. The biological effects of AgNPs on Scenedesmus obliquus, a ubiquitous freshwater microalgae, was evaluated. AgNPs exerted a minor inhibitory effect at low doses. Non-targeted metabolomic studies were conducted to understand and analyze the effect of AgNPs on algal cells from a molecular perspective. During the 48?hr of exposure to AgNPs, 30 metabolites were identified, of which nine had significant changes compared to the control group. These include d-galactose, sucrose, and d-fructose. These carbohydrates are involved in the synthesis and repair of cell walls. Glycine, an important constituent amino acid of glutathione, increased with AgNP exposure concentration increasing, likely to counteract an increased intracellular oxidative stress. These results provide a new understanding of the toxicity effects and mechanism of AgNPs. These metabolites could be useful biomarkers for future research, employed in the early detection of environmental risk from AgNPs. 相似文献
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Bin Wang Jun Huang Shubo Deng Xiaoling Yang Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2012,6(1):2-16
The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was adopted in 2001. This year is the 10th anniversary of
the adoption of the Convention. Until now, 22 chemicals or chemical categories have been listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention.
The POPs Research Center was established in Tsinghua University in the same year when the Convention was adopted. In the last
ten years, much work has been done by Chinese researchers to understand the environmental risk of POPs in China. This article
aims to review the recent research progress of our POPs Research Center and some other Chinese researchers’ studies in addressing
the environmental risk of POPs, including the priority screening and inventory study of POPs, monitoring and modeling of POPs
pollution and exposure, and environmental risk assessment and modeling of POPs. Although great advances in addressing the
environmental risk of POPs have been made in recent years, we are still facing quite a few problems, such as data scarcity
and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of POPs. The study on the effect of POPs mixtures is in its infancy and currently
POPs are usually assessed from legal perspective by risk assessment of single chemicals. These problems should be well addressed
by further efforts. Further studies should also be taken in future to study environment risk of POPs by considering aspects
of coupled dynamics between climate processes and POPs. Such sound scientific, riskbased information can support decision-making
aiming to effectively minimize the risk level of POPs. 相似文献
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水环境健康风险评价在参数确定、暴露评估与风险表征过程中存在着不确定性因素,利用随机模拟与三角模糊数耦合模型(SS-TFN模型)进行水环境健康风险评价,降低了评价过程中人为因素的影响,有效提高评价结果的可靠性和科学性.本文将SS-TFN模型应用于盘锦市六个饮用水源地致癌物质经饮水途径的地下水环境健康风险评价中,结果表明:盘锦市六个饮用水源地的总致癌风险均超过致癌年风险率控制限值(1.0×10-5);致癌物质造成的平均个人致癌年风险率由高到低排序:Cr6+> As> Cd.盘锦市六个饮用水源地SS-TFN计算结果收敛时总的平均个人致癌年风险由高到低排列:大洼水源>兴南水源>兴一水源>盘东水源>高升水源>石山水源. 相似文献
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本文根据张士灌区镉的环境污染对居民健康影响的多年研究,提出了镉的内、外暴露水平和对人群肾小管损伤的"临界值"以及镉与尿低分子蛋白等多项生化指标的健康效应关系,并通过超"临界值"频率和接触归因危险性评价提出了环境慢性镉危害早期判断标准的初步建议. 相似文献
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In environmental risk assessments (ERA), biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes (e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function). To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and selenium (Se). Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels. Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment. The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem. 相似文献