半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液同时脱除烟中SO2和NOx的研究

研究用半胱氨酸合铁溶液同时脱除烟气中ＳＯ２和ＮＯｘ，研究了「ＳＯ＾２－３」对ＮＯｘ脱除率的影响，半胱氨酸的再生。实验表明，烟气中ＳＯ２可以全部脱除；随「ＳＯ＾２－３」的增加能增大半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液对ＮＯ的吸收。     

以干吸着剂喷射法同时脱除SO2和NO的实验研究

炉膛吸着制度射（ＦＳＩ）与选择性非催化还原（ＳＮＣＲ）相结合同时脱除ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ，在夹带流反应器中进行实验研究。在８００－１２００℃下喷射石灰石／尿素吸着剂或石灰石／铵盐吸着剂能同时脱除ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ。石灰石／尿素吸着剂表现出最高的脱硫脱硝能力，当Ｃａ／Ｓ＝２和Ｎ／ＮＯ＝２时，其ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ脱除率分别能达到９０％和８０％。主要的ＮＯ脱除是ＮＨ＿３与ＮＯ反应生成Ｎ＿２所致，少量的ＮＯ脱除率（１０％）是在ＣａＳＯ＿４的催化下，ＣａＯ与ＮＯ反应生成Ｃａ（ＮＯ＿２）＿２的结果。本文还考察了反应温度和时间对脱硫脱硝反应速度的影响。     

含灰含水烟气的脉冲放电脱除NO和NOx的研究

脉冲放电脱除ＮＯ和ＮＯｘ（ＮＯ＋ＮＯ２）的实验表明,烟气中的飞灰对ＮＯｘ具有２％－４％的吸附脱除作用,对脉冲放电又有抑制作用,使ＮＯ和ＮＯｘ脱除具有降低的趋势,增加烟气含水量增强了飞灰粒子表面的化学吸附能力,使得在烟气含水量为１５％和单位体积烟气注入能量小于３Ｗ．ｈ／Ｎ,＾３时,ＮＯ和ＮＯｘ脱除率提高５％－１５％。     

半胱氨酸亚铁再生循环法清除烟道气中的NOx和SO2

中性或碱性半胱酸亚铁溶液能吸收潮湿的烟道气中的ＮＯ半胱氨酸亚铁在烟道气中在由残余的Ｏ２氧化成中间产物（半胱氨酸铁）在中间物中存在电子转移反应，Ｆｅ＾３＋再生成Ｆｅ＾２＋，氧化产物胱氨酸用Ｈ２Ｓ和ＳＯ２转变成半胱氨酸，以清除烟道气中的ＮＯｘ和ＳＯ２。     

水解聚合铝溶液中形态分布的定量模拟研究

通过Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和￣（２７）Ａｌ核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）法，并应用“ＭＩＮＥＱＬ”化学平衡模式计算法，对采用不同反应途径制得的聚合铝（ＰＡＣ）溶液中的化学形态分布规律进行了定量模拟研究和对比。模式计算结果与两种实验定量分析结果都较为吻合，结果表明，在水解聚合铝溶液中较稳定的化学形态主要有五种：一种单体形态［ａｌ＿ａ］，即Ａｌ￣（３＋），Ａｌ（ＯＨ）￣（２＋），Ａｌ（ＯＨ）＿２￣＋；３种聚合形态［Ａｌ＿ｂ］，即和以及一种溶胶或凝胶形态［Ａｌ＿ｃ］，即Ａｌ（ＯＨ）＿３（ａｍ）．这些化学形态的分布和转化不仅取决于溶液的化学特征，而且也取决于制备方法的不同。     

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO_2、SO_2、NO_x和烟尘研究（Ⅱ）──模拟工业治

应用超高压窄脉冲模拟治理工业烟气（常压、烟气温度１８０℃）．ＣＯ＿２、ＳＯ＿２、ＮＯ＿ｘ分解率均在８０％以上，把有害气体分解成单一原子组成的气体分子Ｏ＿２、Ｎ＿２和单质微粒Ｓ、Ｃ；同时收尘效率高达９９％．是工业上治理烟气污染的高效、低成本的新技术。     

双碱法旋流板塔烟气脱硫工艺

以旋流板塔为脱硫塔,对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２双碱法烟气脱碱工艺进行了实验研究,对影响充率的主要因素进行考察,如再生液ＰＨ值,溶液中Ｎａ＾２＋浓度、ＳＯ＾２－４浓度,液气比及气体中ＳＯ２初始浓度等。结果表明,选择以下工艺条件较为适宜：ＰＨ０＝７－８,Ｌ／Ｇ＝２－３Ｌ／同海高度     

脉冲放电烟气脱除尘与除SO_2和NO_X的研究

对脉冲放电烟气除尘与脱除ＳＯ２和ＮＯＸ进行实验研究与分析的结果表明，烟气中的飞灰对ＳＯ２和ＮＯＸ吸附脱除２％～５％，吸附脱除量随着飞灰浓度和烟气含量的增加而增大。在单位体积烟气注入能量为４Ｗｈ／Ｎｍ３和烟气在反应器中停留时间小于３秒，飞灰与水蒸气的协同作用使ＳＯ２和ＮＯＸ脱除率分别达到２３％和３３％。同时，脉冲放电使反应器对飞灰具有良好的协同作用，收集效率为９７％。     

用脱硝技术除去NO_x的方法

壳牌公司开发了从燃烧装置和化工厂排气中除去ＮＯｘ的脱硝技术（ＳＤＳ），并通过２０００ｍ３／ｈ（标）小规模设备和１００ｍ３／ｈ（标）大规模设备排气处理试验结果证明，处理效果非常理想，已被世界许多国家采用。处理原理和以前用片状催化剂多孔式脱硝技术相同。在催化剂上排气中的ＮＯｘ同氨转化成对环境无害的Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎ。使用该公司开发的基本由钛（Ｔｉ）和钒（Ｖ）组成的催化剂及侧流反应器除去排气中的ＮＯｘ时，ＮＯｘ分子扩散速度快，容易反应，即使在１２０～３５０℃低温下，不仅ＮＯｘ脱除率高，而且运行成本既低又节能用…     

脉冲电晕烟气脱硫脱硝的化学动力学分析

对脉冲电晕等离子体条件下烟气ＳＯ２、ＮＯ气相氧化进行化学动力学模拟研究，结果表明，在气相反应中，ＳＯ２主要由ＯＨ基氧化脱除，大部分氧化物转化为Ｈ２ＳＯ４；ＮＯ的氧化则涉及与多种自由基（Ｏ，ＯＨ，ＨＯ２）及中性物种的反应，给出了ＳＯ２、ＮＯ气相氧化对主要自由基（ＯＨ基）浓度的依赖关系，以及典型实验上ＳＯ２气相净化所需的最优ＯＨ基产额，讨论了Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｏ２的行为和作用，及其含量对气象净化过程的影响；化学     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.