北京市固体废弃物资源化的现状及对策

本文对北京市固体废弃物的资源化现状（如固废品种多、生活垃圾量大、废物的行业及综合处理）进行了较系统的调查，并提出了资源化中的高新技术、原位处理、综合利用等对策。     

废电路板非金属材料再生利用技术现状分析

废电路板金属成分分离回收过程中产生了占其质量近50%～80%的非金属材料废物,其已成为电子废物处理的难题。文章首先对废电路板非金属材料的产生特性、处理和处置、资源化利用技术和方法现状进行了对比分析。在此基础上,结合对非金属材料的来源特征、成分组成和界面微观特性等各方面分析研究,提出了非金属材料制备复合材料再生利用的技术工艺方案。     

电子废物资源化循环转化过程与代谢规律研究

选择废印刷电路板和废CRT玻壳玻璃的资源化过程作为承载实体,进行了研究分析.建立了电子废物资源化技术过程的物质能量转化模型;分析了废印刷电路板和废CRT玻壳玻璃的资源化过程中的物质流、能量流、废物流以及污染物的释放与迁移;核算了物质、能量转化清单.分析结果表明,废印刷电路板资源化过程中的分选环节能耗较高,达100kW×h/t,而拆解和非金属材料的热压成型是控制污染物排放的重点环节;废CRT玻壳玻璃资源化过程中屏玻璃和锥玻璃的再利用环节能耗较高,利用屏玻璃制造泡沫玻璃和锥玻璃冶炼铅的能耗分别为600, 250kW×h/t,破碎、研磨、锥玻璃冶炼铅是控制污染物排放的重点环节.     

台湾固体废物回收利用

该文阐述了台湾固体废物的回收利用工作通过立法进行管理固废回收市场运营，通过科技研究为废物综合利用资源化提供了有益借鉴。     

以废物交换为先导全面深化固体废物的管理

在沈阳市开展废物交换与利用处置、固废申报登记与去向管理的基础上，总结性地介绍了沈阳市工业固体废物管理体系，论述了固体废物交换、管理的形式和做法，提出了实现废物资源化、无害化的重要保障及措施等。     

我国蔬果供应链的固废产生特征及其资源化对策研究

我国居民健康饮食需求逐步提升,蔬果需求与供应量逐年增加。蔬果供应链带来的蔬果固体废弃物(以下简称“固废”)产排问题突出,其环境治理的压力持续增加。蔬果供应链产生的固废既具有环境污染属性,又具有一定的资源利用价值。本文研究了我国蔬果供应链的生物质和塑料废弃物产生特征,分析二者在培育、收获后、运储分销、加工包装、零售、消费等环节的差异,并探索其资源化利用潜力。本文提出了蔬果供应链固废的资源化利用及其环境污染治理对策建议,包括加强蔬果固废的全链法规政策引导、推进蔬果供应链固废循环利用设施建设、完善蔬果固废的基础数据和信息管理、开展蔬果固废资源化的技术创新等,为提升循环发展水平和建设“无废城市”提供支撑。     

双碳背景下有机固废资源化处理处置技术发展思考

有机固废资源化是我国减污降碳和无废城市建设的重要任务,是绿色低碳循环发展的重要抓手。综述了我国不同来源有机固废的产量与处理现状,梳理了我国无废城市、减污降碳等有机固废相关政策文件。基于有机固废易腐败、高含水的特性,以及污染和资源双重属性,提出了以无害化为目标、以资源化为手段的基本理念。总结分析了有机固废作为多介质、多组分交互的复杂体系,在生物转化、热化学转化、固液分离、产物资源利用方面的研究进展和技术难点,并提出了有机固废未来重点突破方向,旨在为我国有机固废资源化处理处置的技术研究提供参考。     

固废热解技术发展现状

按照减量化、资源化、无害化的原则对固废进行处理,是构建绿色技术创新体系,发展节能环保产业、清洁生产产业、清洁能源产业的必然要求。本文主要介绍了固废热解技术在废旧轮胎、生物质、城市生活垃圾等行业的应用及发展情况。     

新加坡城市固废处理现状与经验探析

对新加坡城市固废处理的现状与经验进行了系统总结,对照识别了我国城市固废处理存在的主要问题,从而对我国城市,尤其是具有土地紧缺、人口密度大、高度城市化等特征的重点大中型城市的固废处理与资源化的策略与模式提出了建议,包括健全法规强化制度,加强固废分类管理,大力发展固废焚烧产业。     

酒精废醪的固液分离在我国的应用

综述了国内外酒精废醪处理中的固液分离技术的进展及新成果;指出固液分离技术代表了酒精废醪资源化综合治理的发展方向,研究、开发适合我国国情的固液分离成套技术、设备是全面治理酒精废醪污染的关键。      

钢铁企业固体废弃物资源化利用浅析

固体废物做到资源化即通过综合利用,使有利用价值的固体废物变废为宝,实现资源的再循环利用,是固体废物污染控制一直努力方向。钢铁联合企业生产过程中产生的固体废弃物量大、面广,如对其进行资源化利用不仅可获得好的效益,同时也解决了环保难题。通过借鉴国内外钢铁企业固体废弃物资源化利用成功技术,使我们在开展环境影响评价工作中对钢铁企业固废的资源化利用提出一些切实可行的控制措施。     

工业固体废物的焚烧处理——实例研究

以天津经济技术开发区工业固体废物的处理为例,分析讨论了焚烧技术在处理工业固体废物中的应用。研究结果表明,选择回转窑焚烧炉对开发区的工业固体废物进行焚烧处理是合理的,可较好地实现工业废物的减量化、无害化的目标以及废物处理资源化的目标。      

循环经济在丰田汽车公司及其在津投资企业生产中的应用

介绍了丰田汽车公司（TOYOTA）企业循环经济实施方案及历程,对丰田汽车公司＂5R＂行动、工业废弃物零排放行动及当前措施等循环经济计划在企业生产中的应用进行阐述,并将其成功经验和技术运用到丰田汽车公司在津投资企业中,使循环经济理念在国内汽车制造业中得以体现并加以运用。     

Application of cleaner production technology in chemical industry: a near zero emission

The main objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate opportunities for implementation of pollution prevention and waste minimization in a chemical industrial company producing poly sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde which is used as a super plasticizer for concrete. Environmental problems encountered were mainly the highly polluted wastewater and a semi-solid cake containing considerable amount of the final product. Possible modules for remedial measures and their cost estimation were investigated. The proposed remedial modules included recycling of retained water discharge in filter press, recycling of washing water of reaction vessels (reactors), closed circuit cooling system for high-pressure pump, good housekeeping through control of leakage of raw material, products and water and finally utilization of retained residual product from the solid waste. The implemented pollution control measures proved to be cost effective and have short payback periods. Also, minimization of the hydraulic and organic loads in the final effluent was achieved.     

中国电子垃圾回收企业的环保意识及行为的影响因素分析研究——以浙江为例

为了探索电子废弃物回收处理企业的环保意识及行为的影响因素,首先基于国内外研究学者的研究结果并结合中国电子废弃物回收处理企业的实践情况,提出一个假设结构框架。其次以浙江省为例,通过问卷调查法,将企业环保行为作为被解释变量,企业能力、管理者环境态度、消费者环境意识和企业经济效益作为解释变量,构建logistic回归模型,从而系统的揭示了企业进行环保处理的影响因素,研究结果表明:企业管理者环境态度对企业行为是否环保具有最重要的影响;企业经济效益对企业环保行为具有显著的正向作用;企业自身能力对企业环保行为具有一定程度的影响。最后,根据研究所得结果,提出了相应的促进企业进行环保处理的措施。     

Diagnosis and proposals for waste management in industrial areas in the service sector: case study in the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain)

Industrial parks play a significant role in the production and use of goods and services. However, this also means that the environmental problems of each company are concentrated in a relatively small area. One of these problems is solid waste disposal, which has become a critical issue because of its negative impacts as well as the resources consumed. Integrated solid waste management integrates cleaner and more sustainable production strategies by reducing resource consumption and applying mechanisms found in natural ecosystems to industrial systems. Nevertheless, one of the necessary conditions for the design of such a system is a preliminary study of waste generation management in the area. The study presented in this paper characterizes industrial waste production and management in the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain), and analyzes its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A similar typology of industrial activities, mainly in the distribution and transportation sector, as well as the proximity of various industrial parks could facilitate their partnership in environmental management. The results obtained in our study point to significant weaknesses in the system, such as the lack of effective waste management tools and training for waste management personnel. Other weaknesses were, the low percentage of selective waste collection and the existence of unauthorized collectors. The paper concludes with specific proposals for waste collection. These recommendations include the creation of the following: (i) a community responsible for waste management; (ii) recycling points in industrial parks; (iii) energy recovery from the waste; (iv) a market to sell, buy, and/or exchange waste; (v) one authorized set of waste management agents that would provide the advantages of an economy of scale.     

美国电子废弃物资源化产业现状分析

近几年，随着人们对电子废弃物认识的深入以及环保意识的提高，电子废弃物资源化产业得到了迅速发展。在美国已成为一项新兴产业。概括性总结了美国电子废弃物资源化产业的经济规模、生产规模、产业结构、工艺技术、产业发展背景以及相关法律法规，为我国电子废弃物资源化发展提供借鉴。     

青岛市完善循环经济产业链——解决历史遗留“五大废渣”难题

困扰青岛市的环境污染难题“五大渣”——铬渣、白泥、钢渣、粉煤灰、电石泥,通过发展循环经济,不但成功解决了污染问题,并且在钢厂、碱厂、化工厂、发电厂和建材厂之间,建立了以废物为纽带的具有青岛特色的跨行业、区域性的循环经济发展模式,为老工业基地的经济结构调整,落实青岛市战略发展规划打下了很好的基础。     

Role of rural solid waste management in non-point source pollution control of Dianchi Lake catchments, China

In recent years, with control of the main municipal and industrial point pollution sources and implementation of cleaning for some inner pollution sources in the water body, the discharge of point source pollution decreased gradually, while non-point source pollution has become increasingly distressing in Dianchi Lake catchments. As one of the major targets in non-point source pollution control, an integrated solid waste controlling strategy combined with a technological solution and management system was proposed and implemented based on the waste disposal situation and characteristics of rural solid waste in the demonstration area. As the key technology in rural solid waste treatment, both centralized plant-scale composting and a dispersed farmer-operated waste treating system showed promise in rendering timely benefits in efficiency, large handling capacity, high quality of the end product, as well as good economic return. Problems encountered during multi-substrates co-composting such as pathogens, high moisture content, asynchronism in the decomposition of different substrates, and low quality of the end product can all be tackled. 92.5% of solid waste was collected in the demonstration area, while the treating and recycling ratio reached 87.9%, which prevented 32.2 t nitrogen and 3.9 t phosphorus per year from entering the water body of Dianchi Lake after implementation of the project.     

Quantifying potential profit from material recycling: a case study in brick manufacturing

Efforts to increase the use of waste materials as substitutes for virgin primary materials in industry are considered an important step toward sustainable industrial development. Some industries, however, have struggled to increase the recycling of materials for a variety of reasons. This study proposes a new approach to searching for recycling across industry boundaries. By focusing on an entire industry, the locations where economic and environmental benefit exists can be identified. This research identifies brick manufacturing facilities in the United States that are most likely to gain substantial economic benefit from the recycling of waste products. The results of this case study indicate that an industry-based approach can provide economically feasible pathways towards sustainable industrial development, especially for data rich manufacturing nations like the United States.