反硝化脱氮对太湖蓝藻水华态势的影响

反硝化作用是水生生态系统的主要脱氮过程,与蓝藻生长之间存在对氮素的竞争作用,然而气候变化背景下反硝化脱氮对蓝藻水华发生动态的影响仍不清楚.基于2017~2021年北太湖为期5 a的水质监测历史数据,结合不同温度下蓝藻生长和沉积物泥浆培养实验,探究了湖体反硝化脱氮与蓝藻水华之间的相互影响.监测数据表明,太湖水体藻类生物量（以Chla表示）高值主要出现在夏秋季节,而总氮浓度季节变化规律与藻类生物量完全相反,冬春季较高,夏秋季显著降低,溶解态无机氮主要以硝态氮为主,并且硝态氮浓度在夏秋季节几乎接近于零.总磷浓度与Chla浓度变化一致.蓝藻培养实验结果表明,20℃以下蓝藻不能大量生长繁殖.泥浆培养实验结果发现,太湖反硝化作用的最高温度阈值为25℃,在10~25℃之间反硝化潜力与温度呈现显著的线性关系（R²=0.99）.反硝化作用发生的最高硝态氮浓度阈值为4 mg ·L^-1,远高于太湖水体的硝态氮浓度,反硝化潜力最高达到（62.98±21.36）μmol ·（kg ·h）^-1.太湖水体反硝化速率受到硝态氮浓度的限制,而气候变暖导致湖泊温度提前升高,会使蓝藻提前生长,蓝藻生长对硝态氮的同化吸收会和反硝化作用产生竞争,使得大量氮还未被反硝化作用脱除就被藻类吸收利用,从而加剧蓝藻水华暴发的态势.研究结果对于解释近年来气候变化背景下太湖蓝藻水华反弹的机制具有重要科学意义.     

太湖春夏两季反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率的空间差异及其影响因素

反硝化和厌氧氨氧化是湖泊的重要脱氮过程,对维持湖泊氮素平衡具有重要意义.为了解大型富营养化浅水湖泊——太湖反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率的时空变化及其影响因素,于2020年春季和夏季选择太湖的梅梁湾、贡湖湾、竺山湾、大浦口、胥口湾和湖心区采集无扰动泥柱,利用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,在恒温水浴条件下开展反硝化和厌氧氨氧化流动培养实验.结果表明,春季太湖不同湖区反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率的空间分布差异较大,反硝化速率为（27.74±8.45）~（142.43±35.54）μmol·（m²·h）^-1,厌氧氨氧化速率为（2.35±1.06）~（17.95±8.66）μmol·（m²·h）^-1,厌氧氨氧化对脱氮的贡献率相对较低,为（7.82±1.71）%~（11.20±1.53）%.夏季竺山湾脱氮速率最高,反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率分别高达（165.68±62.14）μmol·（m²·h）^-1和（33.56±10.66）μmol·（m²·h）^-1,厌氧氨氧化对脱氮贡献率达到了（16.85±1.78）%,其他湖区的脱氮速率相对较低,且没有十分显著的空间差异,反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率分别为（25.47±10.46）~（42.50±16.46）和（2.65±0.94）~（5.95±2.65）μmol·（m²·h）^-1,厌氧氨氧化对脱氮的贡献率为（13.62±1.95）%~（7.24±1.78）%.总体来说,夏季反硝化速率要普遍低于春季,而厌氧氨氧化速率相对于春季并无明显下降.统计分析表明,反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率与底物氮浓度呈显著的相关性（P<0.01）,说明氮浓度是不同湖区脱氮速率差异的主要控制因素.此外,厌氧氨氧化对脱氮的贡献率与叶绿素a的浓度呈现显著的正相关性（P<0.05）,说明蓝藻水华对厌氧氨氧化脱氮贡献率的变化有很大的影响,具体的影响机制还有待进一步研究.     

移动床生物膜反应器净化模拟水产养殖废水的研究

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）净化模拟水产养殖废水.结果表明,MBBR净化模拟水产养殖废水效果良好.在水力停留时间（HRT）为8 h,DO为2.0~3.0 mg·L^-1的条件下,反应器启动迅速、运行稳定,能使COD和氨氮去除率均达到80%以上,TP去除率达到50%左右;有机负荷为（0.76±0.03）kg·m^-3·d^-1时,TN及氨氮去除效果最好,去除率分别达到71.73%及98.42%.为达到良好的TN去除效果,有机负荷不宜低于0.5 kg·m^-3·d^-1;DO为（3.00±0.25）mg·L^-1时,TN去除效果最好,最有利于同步硝化反硝化;为保持较高的氨氮去除效率,并减少亚硝态氮积累,DO浓度不应低于2.0 mg·L^-1;HRT过短会使氨氮去除效率降低,且可能出现亚硝态氮积累;采用序批式进水运行方式,对TP的去除效果优于连续进水方式,但运行周期后半段会出现亚硝态氮积累,对鱼类产生危害.     

太湖沉积物好氧细菌空间分布与氮磷来源及风险

沉积物中氮磷释放到湖水中会加剧湖泊的富营养化,危害生态安全和人类健康.微生物在氮磷转换中不可或缺,准确分析沉积物中氮磷分布特征和来源以及与微生物的关系是湖泊富营养化管控的重要前提.以太湖为研究区,采集30个表层沉积物样品,测定并分析了粒度、pH、有机质（OM）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、全磷（TP）、全氮（TN）、硝态氮（NO₃^--N）和溶解性有机氮（DON）等指标含量及空间分布特征,同时利用营养琼脂（NA）培养基以平板计数法测定好氧细菌（AB）数量.结合主成分分析（PCA）和Pearson相关分析探究了太湖沉积物和AB空间分布特征和来源.采用综合污染指数法和有机污染指数法研究了太湖沉积物污染特征.结果表明,太湖表层沉积物指标平均值如下：AB为9.25×10⁴ CFU ·g^-1,平均粒径（M_Z）为17.59 μm,pH为7.62,ω（OM）为15.05g ·kg^-1,ω（DOC）为71.60mg ·kg^-1,ω（TP）为598.13mg ·kg^-1,ω（TN）为1113.92 mg ·kg^-1,ω（NO₃^--N）为3.22mg ·kg^-1,ω（DON）为22.60mg ·kg^-1.综合污染指数（FF）显示太湖中的点位13%为中度污染,87%为重度污染.TN除在湖心区、南部湖区和东太湖西部的部分湖区为轻度污染外,其余区域为中重度污染.除竺山湾为重度污染外,太湖中TP整体上为轻中度污染.有机污染指数（OI）表明,太湖沉积物有机污染较轻,主要与有机氮（ON）污染有关.太湖中DOC、DON、TN和OM主要来源于水生植物的影响,TP和AB主要来源于河流外源输入的影响.研究将为湖泊富营养化治理提供理论支撑,也为进一步研究AB去除沉积物中氮磷污染提供新思路.     

基于同位素示踪和分子生物学技术对潮白河沉积物中氮还原功能特征的研究

沉积物氮还原功能对于调控和管理河流氮负荷具有重要作用.本研究选取潮白河不同区域河段表层沉积物作为研究对象,采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术、16S rRNA扩增子测序和实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）技术,研究了潮白河沉积物中氮还原过程（反硝化、厌氧氨氧化（anaerobic ammonia oxidation,anammox）和DNRA过程（dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,异化硝酸盐还原为铵））速率特征、相关功能基因丰度和微生物群落结构特征.结果表明：潮白河沉积物潜在反硝化、anammox、DNRA和N₂O释放速率分别为（25.82±0.98）~（142.32±17.06）、（0.58±0.10）~（4.51±0.78）、（2.91±0.46）~（19.59±4.15）和（-1.09±0.17）~（3.30±0.57）nmol·g^-1·h^-1（以N计,下同）.沉积物氮还原以反硝化过程为主（贡献率71.86%~91.65%）,DNRA也有较高的贡献率（7.03%~25.32%）,anammox过程贡献较小.相关分析表明,氮还原相关功能基因丰度与潮白河沉积物氮还原过程速率存在显著正相关关系,微生物群落中α-变形菌纲、硝基螺旋菌纲、疣微菌纲、脱硫杆菌门、硬壁菌门丰度与沉积物氮还原过程速率存在显著的相关关系.     

干湿交替对自然沟渠沉积物反硝化速率的影响

以川中丘陵区自然沟渠沉积物为研究对象,设置低强度、中强度、高强度的干湿交替频率和长期淹水对照处理,运用室内原状土柱-乙炔抑制培养法和实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究了干湿交替对自然沟渠沉积物反硝化速率及相关功能基因的影响.结果表明：在试验模拟过程中,干湿交替显著降低了沉积物中NH₄⁺-N和DOC含量,沉积物中NO₃^--N含量则表现为先增加后减少的趋势.沉积物反硝化速率均值表现为中强度（266.42 μg·m^-2·h^-1） > 高强度（199.10 μg·m^-2·h^-1） > 低强度（152.93 μg·m^-2·h^-1） > 长期淹水（9.57 μg·m^-2·h^-1）.干湿交替增加了反硝化功能基因的拷贝数（p<0.05）,nosZ基因拷贝数在实验前后无显著差异;低强度和中强度处理的nirK基因拷贝数在实验前后差异显著,中强度处理的nirS基因拷贝数在实验前后差异显著.Pearson相关分析结果表明,沉积物的反硝化速率与NO₃^--N含量、ORP和nirK基因拷贝数呈显著正相关（p<0.05）.干湿交替可能主要通过改变沉积物的NO₃^--N含量、ORP和nirK基因拷贝数影响沉积物反硝化速率.     

生物膜系统中部分反硝化实现特性

以移动床生物膜反应器（moving-bed biofilm reactor,MBBR）为例,考察生物膜系统中部分反硝化NO₂^--N积累特性,并通过耦合厌氧氨氧化验证生物膜系统中部分反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化（partial denitrification with anaerobic ammonium oxidation,PD+ANAMMOX）工艺的可行性.结果表明,在C/N为3.0,填充率为20%的条件下,经过40 d的富集培养,实现部分反硝化,NO₂^--N积累率达（69.38±3.53）%;接种生物膜NO₃^--N还原酶（nitrate reductase,NAR）活性为0.03 μmol·（min·mg）^-1,NO₂^--N还原酶（nitrite reductase,NIR）活性为0.18 μmol·（min·mg）^-1,富集培养后生物膜NAR活性增至0.45 μmol·（min·mg）^-1,NIR活性降至0.02 μmol·（min·mg）^-1,从酶学角度验证了部分反硝化实现;高通量测序结果显示,Thauera属从0.3%增加至37.27%,在微生物群落中占主导地位,该菌属被认为是部分反硝化过程的主要功能菌.随后与厌氧氨氧化耦合,出水总氮达（6.41±1.50） mg·L^-1,总氮去除率达（88.16±2.71）%,证明了生物膜系统中PD+ANAMMOX的可行性及稳定性.     

喹诺酮类抗生素在城市典型水环境中的分配系数及其主要环境影响因子

沉积物作为抗生素在水环境中的主要赋存介质,越来越多的研究关注抗生素在水体-沉积物中的分配行为;但此前研究多基于实验室模拟,而在自然水环境中抗生素的分配行为及其与环境因子相关性研究则较少关注.鉴于此,以石家庄市地表水和沉积物为研究对象,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC-MS）分析石家庄水环境中喹诺酮类（QNs）抗生素的时空分布特征,计算其在水和沉积物中的分配系数,并确定自然水环境中分配系数的主要环境影响因子.结果表明：①在石家庄市水体和沉积物中QNs含量分别为8.0~4.4×10³ ng·L^-1和16~2.2×10³ ng·g^-1,其中恩诺沙星（ENR）和氧氟沙星（OFL）分别是水体和沉积物中主要的QNs抗生素;②石家庄市水体中QNs总含量呈现12月（1.0×10⁴ ng·L^-1）大于4月（5.5×10³ ng·L^-1）的趋势,沉积物中QNs亦呈现12月（7.8×10³ ng·g^-1）大于4月的趋势（6.2×10³ ng·g^-1）;③石家庄市水环境中QNs抗生素的分配系数变化范围为34~2.9×10⁵ L·kg^-1,且呈现12月大于4月的趋势;④相关性分析结果表明,总氮（TN）、硝氮（NO₃^--N）、亚硝氮（NO₂^--N）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）与大部分QNs［OFL、诺氟沙星（NOR）、ENR、双氟沙星（DIF）和喹酸（OXO）］分配系数显著相关,温度（T）、总有机碳（TOC）和总溶解性固体颗粒物（TDS）与个别QNs［马波沙星（MAR）和DIF］分配系数显著相关.因此,水体富营养化水平会影响抗生素在水体-沉积物中的分配行为.     

锁磷剂联合好氧反硝化菌修复富营养化水体

氮磷是造成水体富营养化的主要原因,单一治理方法常常难以同时有效去除氮磷.本文利用1株分离自富营养化水体的好氧反硝化菌株（AD-19）构建固定化菌膜,并与锁磷剂Phoslock^®联合修复富营养化水体,研究了Phoslock^®的控磷效能和反硝化菌的脱氮性能及二者联合作用时对富营养化水体的修复效果.结果表明,在投加比例为80（Phoslock^®与PO₄^3--P的质量比）的条件下,Phoslock^®对模拟富营养化水体中PO₄^3--P去除率可达95%以上,并能有效抑制底泥中磷的释放.好氧反硝化菌AD-19具有较好的异养硝化-好氧反硝化功能,在以NH₄⁺-N或NO₃^--N为唯一氮源条件下生长良好并能去除97%以上的氮,经16S rDNA鉴定该菌株属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）.利用湖泊模拟装置论证了Phoslock^®联合固定化菌膜修复富营养化水体的可行性,进一步地,利用该技术对武汉市某公园内富营养化池塘进行修复治理,经过16 d的处理,氮磷等水质指标从劣Ⅴ类地表水提升至Ⅲ类,并持续稳定270 d以上,证明Phoslock^®联合固定化菌膜可快速和有效地修复富营养化水体,并保持水质长期稳定.     

异养硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida YH的脱氮特性及降解动力学

针对传统污水处理过程脱氮处理效率低、工艺流程复杂、抗高氨氮冲击负荷能力弱等问题,以具有高效脱氮能力的异养硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida YH为研究对象,开展其生理生化特性、脱氮性能、影响因子及动力学分析.结果表明,菌株YH具有高效的异养硝化能力,氨氮最大去除率达99.1%,约53%的去除总氮转化为胞内氮,反应过程仅有少量的硝化中间产物积累;菌株YH还能够在好氧条件利用亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行生长代谢,最大去除率分别为99.8%和99.5%.同时,结合反硝化功能基因napA和nirK的PCR成功扩增,进一步证明菌株YH具有好氧反硝化特性;菌株YH生长特性与Logistic模型相匹配（R²>0.99）,氮素降解过程则符合Compertz模型（R²>0.99）,拟合所得氮素最大转化速率R_m为氨氮 > 硝氮 > 亚硝氮,迟滞时间t₀为硝氮 > 亚硝氮 > 氨氮;异养硝化最佳的条件是碳源为琥珀酸钠、C/N=10、T=30℃、r为160~200 r·min^-1以及pH=7,最优条件下平均氨氧化速率和R_m分别为8.35 mg·（L·h）^-1和16.71 mg·（L·h）^-1;菌株YH能够适应较宽范围的氨氮负荷,在高氨氮浓度下（1000 mg·L^-1）仍具有较高的异养硝化能力,体现了菌株YH具有处理高氨氮废水的潜能.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.