Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

Weak magnetic field accelerates chromate removal by zero-valent iron

Weak magnetic field(WMF) was employed to improve the removal of Cr(VI) by zero-valent iron(ZVI) for the first time. The removal rate of Cr(VI) was elevated by a factor of 1.12–5.89 due to the application of a WMF, and the WMF-induced improvement was more remarkable at higher Cr(VI) concentration and higher p H. Fe2+was not detected until Cr(VI) was exhausted, and there was a positive correlation between the WMF-induced promotion factor of Cr(VI) removal rate and that of Fe2+release rate in the absence of Cr(VI) at pH 4.0–5.5. These phenomena imply that ZVI corrosion with Fe2+release was the limiting step in the process of Cr(VI) removal. The superimposed WMF had negligible influence on the apparent activation energy of Cr(VI) removal by ZVI, indicating that WMF accelerated Cr(VI)removal by ZVI but did not change the mechanism. The passive layer formed with WMF was much more porous than without WMF, thereby facilitating mass transport. Therefore,WMF could accelerate ZVI corrosion and alleviate the detrimental effects of the passive layer, resulting in more rapid removal of Cr(VI) by ZVI. Exploiting the magnetic memory of ZVI, a two-stage process consisting of a small reactor with WMF for ZVI magnetization and a large reactor for removing contaminants by magnetized ZVI can be employed as a new method of ZVI-mediated remediation.     

Study on the role of copper converter slag in simultaneously removing SO2 and NOx using KMnO4/copper converter slag slurry

To achieve “waste controlled by waste”, a novel wet process using KMnO4/copper converter slag slurry for simultaneously removing SO2 and NOx from acid-making tail gas was proposed. Through the solid-liquid separation for copper slag slurry, the liquid-phase part has a critical influence on removing NOx and SO2. Also, the leached metal ions played a crucial role in the absorption of SO2 and NOx. Subsequently, the effects of single/multi-metal ions on NOx removal was investigated. The results showed that the leached metal from copper converter slag (Al3+, Cu2+, and Mg2+) and KMnO4 had a synergistic effect on NOx removal, thereby improving the NOx removal efficiency. Whereas Fe2+ had an inhibitory effect on the NOx removal owing to the reaction between Fe2+ and KMnO4, thereby consuming the KMnO4. Besides, SO2 was converted to SO42? completely partly due to the liquid catalytic oxidation by metal ions. The XRD and XPS results indicated that the Fe (II) species (Fe2SiO4, Fe3O4) in copper slag can react with H+ ions with the generation of Fe2+, and further consumed the KMnO4, thereby resulting in a decrease in the NOx removal. The characterization of the slags and solutions before and after reaction led us to propose the possible mechanisms. The role of copper slag is as follows: (1) the alkaline substances in copper slag can absorb SO2 and NO2 by KMnO4 oxidation. (2) copper slag may function as a catalyst to accelerate SO2 conversion and improve NOx removal by synergistic effect between leached metal ions and KMnO4.     

Simultaneous removal of Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) by Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide and mechanism insight

Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide(Cl-LDH) was prepared to simultaneously remove Cu(Ⅱ)and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The coexisting Cu(Ⅱ)(20 mg/L) and Cr(VI)(40 mg/L) were completely removed within 30 min by Cl-LDH in a dosage of 2.0 g/L; the removal rate of Cu(Ⅱ) was accelerated in the presence of Cr(VI). Moreover, compared with the adsorption of single Cu(Ⅱ) or Cr(VI), the adsorption capacities of Cl-LDH for Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(VI) can be improved by 81.05% and 49.56%, respectively, in the case of coexisting Cu(Ⅱ)(200 mg/L) and Cr(VI)(400 mg/L). The affecting factors(such as solution initial p H, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) have been systematically investigated. Besides, the changes of p H values and the concentrations of Mg~(2+) and Al~(2+)in relevant solutions were monitored. To get the underlying mechanism, the Cl-LDH samples before and after adsorption were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On the basis of these analyses, a possible mechanism was proposed. The coadsorption process involves anion exchange of Cr(VI) with Cl-in Cl-LDH interlayer, isomorphic substitution of Mg~(2+) with Cu~(2+), formation of Cu_2Cl(OH)_3precipitation, and the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Cu_2Cl(OH)_3. This work provides a new insight into simultaneous removal of heavy metal cations and anions from wastewater by Cl-LDH.     

Fluoride removal by Al, Ti, and Fe hydroxides and coexisting ion effect

Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate fluoride removal by Al,Fe,and Ti-based coagulants and adsorbents,as well as the effects of coexisting ions and formation of aluminum–fluoride complexes on fluoride removal by co-precipitation with alum(Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O).Aluminum sulfate was more efficient than the other coagulants for fluoride removal in the pH range between 6 and 8.Nano-crystalline TiO_2 was more effective for fluoride removal than Al and Fe hydroxides in a pH range of 3–5.Coexisting anions in water decreased the removal of fluoride in the order:phosphate(2.5 mg/L) arsenate(0.1 mg/L) bicarbonate(200 mg/L) sulfate(100 mg/L) = nitrate(100 mg/L) silicate(10 mg/L) at a pH of 6.0.The effect of silicate became more significant at pH 7.0.Calcium and magnesium improved the removal of fluoride.Zeta-potential measurements determined that the adsorption of fluoride shifted the PZC of Al(OH)_3 precipitates from 8.9 to 8.4,indicating the chemical adsorption of fluoride at the surface.The presence of fluoride in solution significantly increased the soluble aluminum concentration at pH 6.5.A Visual MINTEQ modeling study indicated that the increased aluminum solubility was caused by the formation of AlF~(2+),AlF~(+2),and AlF_3complexes.The AlF_x complexes decreased the removal of fluoride during co-precipitation with aluminum sulfate.     

Nb_2O_5 nanowires in-situ grown on carbon fiber: A high-efficiency material for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)

Niobium oxide nanowire-deposited carbon fiber(CF) samples were prepared using a hydrothermal method with amorphous Nb_2O_5·nH_2O as precursor. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by means of numerous techniques, including X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), selected-area electron diffraction(SAED), UV–visible spectroscopy(UV–vis), N_2 adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The efficiency for the removal of Cr(VI) was determined.Parameters such as pH value and initial Cr(VI) concentration could influence the Cr(VI) removal efficiency or adsorption capacity of the Nb_2O_5/carbon fiber sample obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 14 hr. The maximal Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of the Nb_2O_5 nanowire/CF sample was 115 mg/g. This Nb_2O_5/CF sample also showed excellent photocatalytic activity and stability for the reduction of Cr(VI) under UV-light irradiation: the Cr(VI) removal efficiency reached 99.9% after UV-light irradiation for 1 hr and there was no significant decrease in photocatalytic performance after the use of the sample for 10 repeated cycles. Such excellent Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance was related to its high surface area,abundant surface hydroxyl groups, and good UV-light absorption ability.     

Performance and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was loaded on expanded graphite (EG) to produce a composite material (EG-ZVI) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). EG and EG-ZVI were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. EG-ZVI had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZVI, which was higher than that for both EG (10.00%) and ZVI (29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by EG-ZVI showed little dependence on solution pH within a pH range of 1–9. Even at pH 11, a Cr(VI) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZVI could enhance the removal of Cr(VI) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal, which indicated that the ZVI loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(VI) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III) hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZVI.     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuOx/Al2O3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method using γ-Al2O3 as a carrier. CuO and Cu2O were loaded on the surface of γ-Al2O3, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of CuOx/Al2O3, the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide (ClO2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol. The relationships between removal percentage and initial ClO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, microwave power, contact time, initial phenol concentration and pH were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage, extensive pH range. Under a given condition (ClO2 concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 50 W, contact time 5 min, catalyst dosage 50 g/L, pH 9), phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%, corresponding to 79.13% of CODCr removal. The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics. Compared with traditional ClO2 oxidation, ClO2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO2 oxidation, microwave-induced ClO2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

Formation of organic chloride in the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton system

In the oxidation treatment of textile dyeing sludge, the quantitative and transformation laws of organic chlorine are not clear enough. Thus, this study mainly evaluated the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton and Fenton-like system from the aspects of the influence of Cl⁻, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic carbon, and the removal and formation mechanism of organic chlorine. The results showed that the organic halogen in sludge was mainly hydrophobic organic chlorine, and the content of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) was 0.30 mg/g (dry sludge). In the Fenton system with pH=3, 500 mg/L Cl⁻, 30 mmol/L Fe²⁺ and 30 mmol/L H₂O₂, the removal of phenanthrene was promoted by chlorine radicals (•Cl), and the AOCl in sludge solid phase increased to 0.55 mg/g (dry sludge) at 30 min. According to spectral analysis, it was found that •Cl could chlorinate aromatic and aliphatic compounds (excluding PAHs) in solid phase at the same time, and eventually led to the accumulation of aromatic chlorides in solid phase. Strengthening the oxidation ability of Fenton system increased the formation of organic chlorines in liquid and solid phases. In weak acidity, the oxidation and desorption of superoxide anion promoted the removal and migration of PAHs and organic carbon in solid phase, and reduced the formation of total organic chlorine. The Fenton-like system dominated by non-hydroxyl radical could realize the mineralization of PAHs, organic carbon and organic chlorines instead of migration. This paper builds a basis for the selection of sludge conditioning methods.     

LPWCO method for the treatment of high concentrated organic wastewater

Based on wet air oxidation (WAO) and Fenton reagent, thispaper raises a new low pressure wet catalytic oxidation(LPWCO)which requires low pressure for the treatment of highlyconcentrated and refractory organic wastewater. Compared withgeneral wet air oxidation, the pressure of the treatment(0.1-0.6MPa) is only one of tens to percentage of latter(3.5-10MPa). Inaddition, its temperature is no more than 180℃.Compared withFenton reagent, while H2O2/COD(weight ratio) less than 1.2, theremoval of COD in the treatment is over twenty percents more thanFenton's even the value of COD is more than 14000mg/L. In thispaper, we study the effect factor of COD removal and the mechanismof this treatment. The existence of synergistic effect (catalytic oxidation and carbonization) for COD removal in H2SO4-Fenton reagent system under the condition of applied pressure and heating (0.1-0.6MPa, 104-165℃) was verified. The best condition of this disposal are as follows:H2O2/COD(weight ratio)=0.2-1.0, Fe2+ 0.6×10-3 mol, H2SO4 0.5mol, COD>1×104mg/L, the operating pressure is 0.1-0.6MPa and temperature is 104-165℃. This method suit to dispose the high-concentrated refractory wastewater, especially to the wastewater containing H2SO produced in the manufacture of pesticide, dyestuff and petrochemical works.     

双金属和多金属系统对零价铁利用效率的改进

为解决Fe0-PRB(零价铁-渗透反应格栅)中Fe0利用效率低、易板结堵塞的问题,分别采用粒径为0.074 mm的试剂铁粉和0.150～0.270 mm的工业铁粉为反应介质,在铁粉表面负载不同比例的Cu或Ni制备Cu/Fe、Ni/Fe双金属和Cu/Ni/Fe多金属颗粒,研究Fe0、双金属和多金属系统去除Cr(Ⅵ)的性能、机制.结果表明:双金属和多金属系统的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率明显高于Fe0,试剂铁粉的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率明显高于工业铁粉.反应8 h达到平衡后,试剂铁粉和工业铁粉的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率仅为45%和20%,Cu/Fe双金属、Cu/Ni/Fe多金属的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率均能达到90%以上,以试剂铁粉和工业铁粉制备的Ni/Fe双金属的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率最高分别为76.6%和44.0%.不同负载率的双金属和多金属系统反应过程中可溶的ρ〔Cr(Ⅲ)〕较低.反应后溶液的pH从反应前的5.0升至10.0左右.反应初期ρ(TFe)(TFe为总铁)超过了0.30 mg/L,其余时间均达标.反应过程中ρ(Cu2+)均在0.40 mg/L以下,均未检测出Ni2+.研究显示,双金属和多金属系统显著提高了Fe0利用效率.      

NH4+对次生铁矿物形成及重金属去除的影响

研究了初始pH值、Fe²⁺浓度、Fe/NH₄⁺物质的量比对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌（A.ferrooxidans）体系中Fe²⁺氧化率、总Fe沉淀率、次生铁矿物矿相的影响,并比较矿物对AMD中Cr（VI）、As（Ⅲ）的去除效果.结果表明,当NH₄⁺浓度在A.ferrooxidans耐受范围内时,Fe²⁺氧化及总Fe沉淀去除效果不受影响,表现在160,80,20mmol/L的Fe²⁺分别在72,48,24h内被完全氧化,培养至终点时（96h）平均总Fe沉淀率分别为24.03%,19.46%,8.13%.在Fe²⁺=160mmol/L体系中,Fe/NH₄⁺=2.0、pH=2.6处理获得纯净施氏矿物;而当Fe/NH₄⁺≤1.0、pH≤2.3时,次生铁矿物的合成途径开始向黄铵铁矾转移.Fe/NH₄⁺=2.0的各酸性体系合成矿物对Cr（VI）、As（Ⅲ）去除能力存在显著差异,依次为pH=2.6 > pH=2.3 > pH=2.0.分析表明,次生铁矿物的表观结构和比表面积是影响有毒元素去除效果的主要原因.     

纳米Ni/Fe用于去除染料生产废水二级生物处理出水中AOX和色度的研究

用纳米Ni/Fe材料深度处理染料生产废水的生物处理出水,考察了不同Ni负载量(质量分数0~5%)、废水初始p H值(4.1~10.0)、Ni/Fe投加量(1~5 g·L-1)、反应时间(0.5~96 h)下对可吸附性有机卤代物(absorbable organic halogens,AOX)的去除率和脱色率.结果表明,AOX和色度去除率随Ni负载量的增加先升高后减少,随废水初始p H值的降低和Ni/Fe投加量的增加而持续提高.最优化条件为Ni负载量1%、废水初始p H 4.1和Ni/Fe投加量3 g·L-1,该条件下AOX和色度的24 h去除率分别为29.2%和79.6%,96 h去除率分别为50.6%和80.7%.GC-MS分析表明经材料处理后废水中氯代苯胺类、对硝基苯胺、4-甲氧基-2-硝基苯胺及卤代烷烃等有毒有害物质得到高效去除.     

金属离子及盐度对硝基苯厌氧生物降解过程的影响

以硝基苯废水处理反应器内的污泥为菌源,采用间歇反应的方法分别考察Fe3+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Al3+,Cr(Ⅵ)和Cu2+ 6种金属离子及盐度对硝基苯厌氧生物降解过程的影响.结果表明,适宜质量浓度的Fe3+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Al3+和Cr(Ⅵ)可促进硝基苯的降解. 当ρ(Fe3+)为5 mg/L,ρ(Ni2+),ρ(Zn2+)和ρ(Al3+)为1.0 mg/L及ρ〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕为0.50 mg/L时,硝基苯的降解速率提高5%～23%. 当ρ(Fe3+),ρ(Ni2+),ρ(Zn2+),ρ(Al3+),ρ〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕和ρ(Cu2+)分别大于50,10.0,5.0,5.0,5.0和0.25 mg/L时,金属离子开始对硝基苯降解菌产生抑制作用,毒性顺序为Cu2+>Cr(Ⅵ)>Al3+>Zn2+>Ni2+>Fe3+. 硝基苯降解菌生长的最佳盐度为0.25%～1.00%.      

高铁酸钾氧化降解三氯生的动力学模拟及反应机制研究

对高铁酸钾氧化降解水中微量三氯生（TCS）的反应动力学、反应机制及降解效果进行了实验研究.结果表明,高铁酸钾氧化降解TCS符合二级反应动力学模式,pH 8.5时表观二级反应动力学速率常数为531.9 L.（mol.s）-1,以10 mg.L-1的高铁酸钾计算,反应的半衰期是25.8 s.表观二级反应动力学速率常数随着p...     

Fenton化学氧化法深度处理精细化工废水

根据某精细化工厂的废水经过长时间的厌氧-好氧生化处理,难以进一步生物降解的特点,采用Fenton试剂进行高级氧化处理。通过实验探讨了不同的H2O2和Fe2+浓度、反应时间、pH等因素对二级生化出水COD去除率的影响。在H2O2投加量为18mmol/L,FeSO·47H2O投加量为12mmol/L,反应时间1.5h,废水的pH=4的条件下,二级生化出水的COD去除率达到82.61%,降到100mg/L以内,达到国家一级排放标准。     

高铁酸钾氧化降解氧氟沙星的机理

以喹诺酮类抗生素氧氟沙星（OFL）为目标物质,研究高铁酸钾（Fe （VI））对OFL的去除及氧化机理.采用高效液相色谱仪（HPLC）、液相色谱-质谱联用仪（UPLC-QTOF-MS）等方法,考察Fe （VI）投加量、pH值、温度和共存物质等因素对OFL降解效果的影响,分析反应动力学,计算过程中Fe （VI）的贡献率,识别Fe （VI）氧化OFL的产物并推测主要反应路径.结果表明：当Fe （VI）与OFL的物质的量比为40：1、pH值为8、温度为25℃时,反应30min后OFL的降解率达到92.38%,前5min快速反应阶段,OFL的降解符合伪二级反应动力学.反应过程的活化能为28.17kJ/mol.反应中Fe （VI）及中间高价态铁的贡献率为70.34%,且腐殖酸会显著抑制该反应.通过对氧化产物进行分析提出了Fe （VI）氧化OFL的3条主要路径.OFL经脱羧、去甲基、脱羰、羟基化等反应,实现其分子上喹诺酮取代基、哌嗪基环及恶嗪基环的开环.     

Simultaneous removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) by Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide and mechanism insight

Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide (Cl-LDH) was prepared to simultaneously remove Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The coexisting Cu(II) (20 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (40 mg/L) were completely removed within 30 min by Cl-LDH in a dosage of 2.0 g/L; the removal rate of Cu(II) was accelerated in the presence of Cr(VI). Moreover, compared with the adsorption of single Cu(II) or Cr(VI), the adsorption capacities of Cl-LDH for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) can be improved by 81.05% and 49.56%, respectively, in the case of coexisting Cu(II) (200 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (400 mg/L). The affecting factors (such as solution initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) have been systematically investigated. Besides, the changes of pH values and the concentrations of Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ in relevant solutions were monitored. To get the underlying mechanism, the Cl-LDH samples before and after adsorption were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On the basis of these analyses, a possible mechanism was proposed. The coadsorption process involves anion exchange of Cr(VI) with Cl⁻ in Cl-LDH interlayer, isomorphic substitution of Mg²⁺ with Cu²⁺, formation of Cu₂Cl(OH)₃ precipitation, and the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Cu₂Cl(OH)₃. This work provides a new insight into simultaneous removal of heavy metal cations and anions from wastewater by Cl-LDH.     

高级氧化处理苯酚废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂和O3对COD为950mg/L的苯酚废水进行化学氧化处理,通过实验确定各自最佳的运行参数。Fenton:n(H2O2)=36mmol/L,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=3,pH为3,反应时间为2h,COD去除率为90%;O3:投加量为1200mg/L,pH为11时COD的去除率为60%,两种氧化技术都有较好的处理效果。     

金属离子对NaNO2催化氧化降解酸性蓝129的影响

选取蒽醌染料酸性蓝129(AB129)为研究对象,采用催化湿式氧化技术,在以NaNO2为催化剂的基础上,详细考察了Cu2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Cr3+、Fe3+6种金属离子助催化剂对AB129降解的影响.染料溶液初始浓度固定为100mg/L,初始pH值为2.5,氧气压力为0.5MPa,温度为150℃,当助催化剂:NaNO2:AB129的物质的量之比为0.2:0.6:1时,在相同的反应时间内6种金属离子的催化活性大小依次为Fe3+>Cu2+>Cr3+>Co2+>Mn2+≈Ni2+,并且在NaNO2/FeCl3体系下,反应2h后,AB129的脱色率达到了100%.在此基础上进一步考察了NaNO2/FeCl3体系中COD的变化情况,结果显示,反应4h后,NaNO2和FeCl3联合使用相对于单独使用FeCl3和NaNO2时,体系COD去除率分别提高了21%和45%,达到了68%.结合UV-vis光谱图可知,AB129分子最终矿化为CO2和小分子有机物.可能的催化循环机理为反应过程中M(n+1)+/Mn+、NO、NO2和ONOOH之间发生循环转化对体系产生催化作用,其中ONOOH和助催化剂离子被认为是起氧化作用的活性物质.