Assembly of SPS/MgSi assisted by dopamine with excellent removal performance for ciprofloxacin

In this work, magnesium silicate-based sulfonated polystyrene sphere composites (SPS/MgSi) were synthesized by one-step (SMD1) and two-step (SMD2) methods. For SMD1, MgSi particles were densely assembled on the surface of SPS, assisted by complexation between Fe³⁺ and hydroxyl phenol. For SMD2, SPS/SiO₂ was firstly obtained by the same method as SMD1, and then SPS/SiO₂ was transformed directly to SPS/MgSi under hydrothermal conditions. Therefore, MgSi obtained by the two-step method had an interwoven structure. Compared to SPS, MgSi and SMD1, SMD2 presented a larger specific surface area and more negative surface charges. Therefore, SMD2 showed superior adsorption performance toward CIP with concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 mg/L, and for 50 mg/L, the equilibrium adsorption capacity could reach 329.7 mg/g. The adsorption process is fast and can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The relationship between pH value and Zeta potential demonstrated that electrostatic interaction dominated the adsorption process. In addition, competitive adsorption showed that the effect of Na⁺ was negligible but the effect of Ca²⁺ was dependent on its concentration. Humid acid (HA) could slightly promote the absorption of CIP by SMD2. After five rounds of adsorption-desorption, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of SMD2 still remained at 288.6 mg/L for 50 mg/L CIP. Notably, SMD2 presented likewise superior adsorption capacity for CIP with concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L in Minjiang source water. All the results indicated that this synthesis method is universal and that SMD2 has potential as an adsorbent for CIP removal from aquatic environments.     

Phosphate recovery with granular acid-activated neutralized red mud: Fixed-bed column performance and breakthrough curve modelling

Granular acid-activated neutralized red mud (AaN-RM) has been successfully prepared with good chemical stability and physical strength. However, its potential for industrial application remains unknown. Therefore, the performance of granular AaN-RM for phosphate recovery in a fixed-bed column was investigated. The results demonstrated that the phosphate adsorption performance of granular AaN-RM in a fixed-bed column was affected by various operational parameters, such as the bed depth, flow rate, initial solution pH and initial phosphate concentration. With the optimal empty-bed contact time (EBCT) of 24.27 min, the number of processed bed volumes and the phosphate adsorption capacity reached 496.95 and 84.80 mg/g, respectively. Then, the saturated fixed-bed column could be effectively regenerated with a 0.5 mol/L HCl solution. The desorption efficiency remained as high as 83.45% with a low weight loss of 3.57% in the fifth regeneration cycle. In addition, breakthrough curve modelling showed that a 5-9-1 feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) could be effectively applied for the optimization of the fixed-bed adsorption system; the coefficient of determination (R²) and the root mean square error (RMSE) evaluated on the validation-testing data were 0.9987 and 0.0183, respectively. Therefore, granular AaN-RM fixed-bed adsorption exhibits promising potential for phosphate removal and recovery from polluted water.     

聚甲基丙烯酸-Fe3O4纳米吸附剂的吸附性能

以共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4,通过在颗粒表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA),制备了一种新型磁性纳米吸附剂.用透射电镜(TEM)、X-衍射分析(XRD)等对其进行了表征,并考察了它对酸性玫瑰红B(RB)的吸附性能.结果表明,制备的磁性微球平均粒径18nm.该吸附剂能有效去除RB,吸附速率很快,在5min内基本达到平衡.等温吸附数据符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附容量为0.2mg/mg,吸附常数为7.2mL/mg.吸附为吸热过程,288～318K时,焓变为18kJ/mol.     

Facile synthesis of graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite with superior adsorption capability for chlorophenols

In this work, we proposed a green and cost-effective method to prepare a graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite (GN/HCPC) by one-pot carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) and glucose. The composite combined the advantages of graphene (GN) and hyper-cross-linked porous carbon (HCPC), leading to high specific surface area (396.93 m²/g) and large total pore volume (0.413 cm³/g). The resulting GN/HCPC composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of different solution conditions including pH, ionic strength, contact time, system temperature and concentration of humic acid was determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of GN/HCPC composite (calculated by the Langmuir model) could reach 348.43 mg/g, which represented increases of 43.6% and 13.6% over those of the as-prepared pure GN and HCPC, respectively. The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were found to fit well with the adsorption process. Thermodynamic experiments suggested that the adsorption proceeded spontaneously and endothermically. In addition, the GN/HCPC composite showed high adsorption performance toward other organic contaminants including tetracycline, bisphenol A and phenol. Measurement of the adsorption capability of GN/HCPC in secondary effluent revealed a slight decrease over that in pure water solution. This study demonstrated that the GN/HCPC composite can be utilized as a practical and efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater.     

Sustainable method towards magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers for efficient Methylene Blue removal

The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of pH impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly. Herein, a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers (M-OMPs) without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst. The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously, and exhibited high removal efficiency (>99%) for Methylene Blue (MB) within a short time (10 min) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. What's more, high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of pH 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.     

High phosphate removal using La(OH)3 loaded chitosan based composites and mechanistic study

Our present study was to prepare a biomass-supported adsorbents with high adsorptive capacity and high selectivity to prevent the accelerated eutrophication in water body. To this end, different metal hydroxide (La, Zr and Fe) first was successfully loaded on chitosan microspheres. Then the quaternary ammonium group with different content was introduced into the adsorbent by polymerization. By comparison of adsorption properties, chitosan-La(OH)₃-quaternary ammonium-20% (CS-La-N-20%) has strong adsorption to phosphate (160 mg/g) by immobilizing nano-sized La(OH)₃ within a quaternary-aminated chitosan and it maintain high adsorption in the presence of salt ions. The pH results indicated that the CS-La-N-20% would effectively sequestrate phosphate over a wide pH range between 3 and 7 without significant La³⁺ leaching. What's more, adsorption capacity on the introduce of positively charged quanternary-aminated groups was significantly higher than that of the unmodified adsorbents at alkaline conditions. The column adsorption capacity reached 1300 bed volumes (BV) when phosphate concentration decreased until 0.5 mg/L at 6 BV/hr. The column adsorption/desorption reveals that no significant capacity loss is observed, indicating excellent stability and repeated use property. Characterizations revealed that phosphate adsorption on CS-La-N-20% through ligand exchange (impregnated nano-La(OH)₃) and electrostatic attraction (positively charged quanternary-aminated groups). All the results suggested that CS-La-N-20% can serve as a promising adsorbent for preferable phosphate removal in realistic application.     

Wastewater degradation by iron/copper nanoparticles and the microorganism growth rate

Nowadays, trends in wastewater treatment by zero-valent iron (ZVI) were turned to use bimetallic NZVI particles by planting another metal onto the ZVI surface to increase its reactivity. Nano size zero-valent iron/copper (NZVI/Cu⁰) bimetallic particles were synthesized in order to examine its toxicity effects on the wastewater microbial life, kinetics of phosphorus, ammonia stripping and the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Various concentrations of NZVI/Cu⁰ and operation conditions both aerobic and anaerobic were investigated and compared with pure NZVI experiment. The results showed that addition 10 mg/L of NZVI/Cu⁰ significantly increased the numbers of bacteria colonies under anaerobic condition, conversely it inhibited bacteria activity with the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, the impact of nanoparticles on ammonia stripping and phosphorus removal was also linked to the emitted iron ions electrons. It was found that dosing high concentration of bimetallic NZVI/Cu⁰ has a negative effect on ammonia stripping regardless of the aeration condition. In comparison to control, dosing only 10 mg/L NZVI/Cu⁰, the phosphorus removal increased sharply both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, these outcomes were obtained as a result of complete dissolution of bimetallic nanoparticles which formed copper-iron oxides components that are attributed to increasing the phosphorus adsorption rate.     

Decoupling the adsorption mechanisms of arsenate at molecular level on modified cube-shaped sponge loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

In this study, a commercial cube-shaped open-celled cellulose sponge adsorbent was modified by in-situ co-precipitation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and used to remove As(V) from aqueous solutions. Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and TEM identified maghemite as the main iron phase of the SPION nanoparticles with an average size 13 nm. Batch adsorption experiments at 800 mg/L showed a 63% increase of adsorption capacity when loading 2.6 wt.% mass fraction of SPION in the cube-sponge. Experimental determination of the adsorption thermodynamic parameters indicated that the As(V) adsorption on the composite material is a spontaneous and exothermic process. As K-edge XAS results confirmed that the adsorption enhancement on the composite can be attributed to the nanoparticles loaded. In addition, adsorbed As(V) did not get reduced to more toxic As(III) and formed a binuclear corner-sharing complex with SPION. The advantageous cube-shape of the sponge-loaded SPION composite together with its high affinity and good adsorption capacity for As(V), good regeneration capability and the enhanced-diffusion attributed to its open-celled structure make this adsorbent a good candidate for industrial applications.     

壳聚糖/聚氨酯多孔材料对Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附研究

将壳聚糖、聚醚多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯混合发泡,制备了壳聚糖/聚氨酯(Cs/PU)多孔复合材料,利用原子吸收光谱研究了Cs/PU对水中Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附能力。结果表明:在28℃条件下,当吸附时间为30min,溶液pH=4～5时,Cu2+的最高去除率为96.67%,溶液pH=6～7时,Cd2+的去除率为95.67%。Cd2+、Cu2+的饱和吸附率容量分别为28.78mg/g和25.32mg/g。两种金属离子共存时,Cs/PU对Cu2+的选择性大于Cd2+。     

木耳菌糠生物炭对阳离子染料的吸附性能研究

为了有效处理印染废水,以废弃木耳菌糠（AG）为原料,采用限氧热解法在350、550、750℃的温度下制备木耳菌糠生物炭（AGBC）,处理含有孔雀石绿（MG）、番红花红T （ST）的有色废水.考察了不同初始pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度对AGBC吸附MG、ST的影响,讨论了吸附动力学及等温吸附特性.并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等技术对吸附前后的菌糠生物炭进行表征,探究吸附机理.结果表明：随着热解温度的升高,吸附剂表面的含氧官能团数量逐渐减少,而比表面积和芳香化程度逐渐增加.MG的平衡吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而增大,而ST的平衡吸附量呈现相反趋势.AGBC对MG、ST的吸附分别在8h和4h基本达到平衡.AGBC对MG的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型与Freundlich模型,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主;对ST的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型与Freundlich模型,说明吸附过程以化学吸附为主.与AG350和AG550相比,AG750对MG和ST的吸附量更高,经Langmuir模型拟合,其对MG和ST的最大吸附量分别为10249.79mg/g、3353.49mg/g.吸附机理表明,AGBC对MG的吸附主要为静电引力和π-π共轭作用,对ST的吸附主要为氢键作用、π-π共轭作用以及静电引力.说明AGBC对阳离子染料具有一定的吸附潜力,是一种经济高效的吸附材料.     

Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by condensed tannin gel adsorbent

Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature.In this paper, lead removal from aqueous solutions was investigated using condensed tannin gel adsorbent synthesized from a natural tannin compound. It is found that the adsorption is strongly affected by pH values of aqueous solutions.Within pH range of 3.5-6,when initial lead concentration is 100 mg/L, removal efficiency is more than 90%.Adsorption equilibrium is reached within 150 minutes.The adsorption isotherm fits well with the Langmuir equation, by which the saturated adsorption uptake of 190 mg Pb^2 /g dry tannin gel adsorbent is obtained.By means of thermodynamics analysis,it is revealed that the process is exothermic and the adsorption heat is up to 38.4kJ/mol.With respect to high efficiency, moderate pH requirement and minimized second pollution, the tannin gel adsorbent exhibits a promising potential in the removal of lead from wastewater.     

D301弱碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

实验探索性地采用D301弱碱性阴离子交换树脂去除重金属废水中的C(rⅥ),为开发出一种高效、安全的处理、富集和回收含C(rⅥ)废水的新工艺提供理论和实验依据。静态吸附实验结果表明,该树脂对C(rⅥ)的吸附量随pH的降低而增加,在pH=2时吸附量为17.54 mg/g;吸附平衡过程符合Freundlich方程,且最大吸附量为94.34 mg/g;动力学和热力学研究表明,吸附过程为颗粒扩散控制,自发且放热的,表观吸附活化能为E(a300 mg/L)=16 243.06 kJ/mol;树脂的再生能力强,经过3次再生,树脂的平衡吸附量仅下降了8.54%;动态吸附和洗脱实验表明,以5%NaOH溶液为洗脱剂效果最佳,洗脱液浓度高达6 918.74 mg/L,浓缩了约69倍,且动态洗脱曲线没有托尾现象;该树脂尤其适合处理低浓度含C(rⅥ)废水(≤100 mg/L),且几乎不受流速限制。     

胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)在餐厨垃圾废水中生长条件优化

为了探讨餐厨垃圾废水用作发酵基质生产液态解钾菌肥的可行性,选用胶质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus mucilaginosus）作为试验菌种,采用正交和单因素方法对相关生长因素进行了优化.结果表明,在餐厨垃圾废水中培养胶质芽孢杆菌经过3 d的调整期后进入对数生长期,6~7 d时活菌数达到最大,Ⅰ类废水活菌数为1.55×1010 CFU/mL,Ⅱ类废水活菌数为6.60×1010 CFU/mL.以Ⅱ类废水为基质进行正交试验确定的较优培养条件为pH=7、温度30℃、摇床转速160 r/min、接种量2.0%（V/V）.废水的pH和盐分对胶质芽孢杆菌的生长代谢影响极为显著:最适初始pH为7（活菌数为3.80×1010 CFU/mL和9.20×1010 CFU/mL）;随着ρ（NaCl）的增加,活菌数先升高后快速降低,最适ρ（NaCl）为4 g/L.Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类废水的最佳接种量分别为1.5%（活菌数为1.60×1010 CFU/mL）和2.0%（活菌数为6.40×1010 CFU/mL）.研究显示,胶质芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾废水中经过培养后可达到GB 20287-2006《农用微生物菌剂》中液态菌肥的活菌数（2.0×108 CFU/mL）,经湿热处理后的Ⅱ类废水对胶质芽孢杆菌的生长有明显的促进作用.      

淀粉纳米晶接枝聚乙烯亚胺对阴离子染料的吸附

以戊二醛为交联剂、淀粉纳米晶(SNCs)为基材接枝聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),成功制备了一种新型生物基吸附剂(SNCs-PEI)。利用粒径、Zeta电位、红外光谱(FTIR)和能量色散X射线谱(EDX)对SNCs-PEI进行表征,并探究其对阴离子染料的吸附效果。当pH=3时,SNCs-PEI的Zeta电位达到+37.9 mV,对阴离子染料甲基橙(MO)和刚果红(CR)均具有良好的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、pH值、染料初始浓度、温度对SNCs-PEI吸附性能的影响。研究表明：在pH为3,SNCs-PEI投加量为0.1 g, MO、CR初始浓度为130 mg/L的条件下,SNCs-PEI对MO和CR的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学和Langmuir吸附模型,SNCs-PEI对MO、CR的最大吸附量分别为82.10,57.34 mg/g,吸附过程属于一个自发的吸热过程。该新型生物吸附剂的研究对含阴离子染料工业废水的去除提供了一种新途径。     

3,5-二硝基水杨酸表面修饰纳米Ti2吸附对硝基苯酚

化学吸附法合成3,5-二硝基水杨酸表面修饰的TiO₂纳米粒子,TiO₂表面修饰后呈浅黄色,TiO₂表面羟基与3,5-二硝基水杨酸发生类似于醇和酸间的酯化反应.表层链接有苯环,极性减弱,非极性增强,在水、苯、乙醇中均分散性良好,与芳香族污染物的亲合力增强,有利于吸附去除芳香族污染物.表面修饰的TiO₂纳米粒子20mg,在最佳吸附pH值3、吸附时间10min,对100mL对硝基苯酚(3～10 mg/L)的吸附率可由改性前的43%增至99.9%.该法吸附效率高,可直接达到一级排放标准,提供了深度处理对硝基苯酚废水的新方法.     

磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

阴离子嵌段磁性混凝剂去除低浓度亚甲基蓝

采用模板法合成具有阴离子嵌段结构阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（TAPAM）,然后用聚多巴胺（PDA）进行改性,通过螯合作用接枝Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒,命名为TAPAM-PDA-Fe₃O₄,并对合成新型磁混凝剂进行多种表征分析.通过与PDA和APAM-Fe₃O₄对亚甲基蓝的去除效果对比,结果表明,TAPAM-PDA-Fe₃O₄去除率最高,且在中性/碱性条件下（7.03O₄能有效去除低浓度亚甲基蓝,在亚甲基蓝初始浓度为4mg/L,pH值为9时去除效率最大值达到97.5%.     

膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附剂处理染料废水的实验研究

利用膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附处理结晶紫染料废水,考察了pH值、搅拌时间和膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附剂的用量等对结晶紫去除率的影响。结果表明,当pH值为5,搅拌时间为30min,膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附剂投加量为500mg时,处理50mL浓度为5×10^-4mol／L染料废水的结晶紫去除率达到99．5％。     

磁性氧化石墨烯制备及去除水中刚果红的研究

采用Hummer方法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),采用化学共沉淀法把铁氧化物纳米粒子覆盖在GO上制成磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO),并把MGO用作吸附剂去除水中阴离子染料刚果红.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、Zeta电位仪和磁强计对MGO进行了表征.研究了吸附动力学,吸附等温线及初始pH值,离子强度对吸附的影响.考察了MGO对自来水中刚果红的去除效果.结果表明,GO具有片状的二维纳米结构,表面有许多的褶皱;当pH3.5,吸附剂表面带负电荷,等电点为3.5;MGO的饱和磁化强度为31.2emu/g,足够从水溶液中分离出来.刚果红的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,且在吸附时间为7h内基本达到吸附平衡.在超纯水中最大吸附容量高达140.6mg/g,且吸附量随pH值升高先增加再降低,当pH4~5达到最大值.MGO对自来水中刚果红的最大吸附容量为287.6 mg/g,为在超纯水中的2倍,表明MGO对刚果红具有很好的去除效果.