基于 分析的余热发电对水泥熟料生产能源利用率影响评价

本文研究水泥熟料生产过程中各个生产系统的效率,并对余热发电前后每个系统的效率进行分析对比,从而得出各个系统的资源能源利用程度以及余热发电工程对每个系统能量利用率的影响,诊断水泥熟料生产过程的损失发生位置并发现系统的节能和余热回收利用的潜力,为管理者实施节能降耗的方案提供技术支持.研究表明,实施余热发电工程前,水泥熟料生产的原料制备系统、煤粉制备系统、回转窑系统的效率分别为4.5%、1.4%和33.7%;实施余热发电工程后,效率分别为7.8%、2.8%和38.1%.余热发电工程可回收回转窑系统总投入的3.7%,同时使原料制备系统、煤粉制备系统、回转窑系统的效率分别提高3.3%、1.4%和4.3%.     

鹿泉市：小水泥企业彻底退出历史舞台

3月31日晚,随着拆除水泥机立窑零点行动的结束,鹿泉市内仅剩的长城水泥厂、巨牛建材厂等7家水泥企业的10条机立窑生产线被关停拆除,比原计划提前了21个月。至此,该市存在了40余年的水泥机立窑生产工艺彻底退出了历史舞台。截至目前,新型干法旋窑水泥生产工艺在该市水泥行业应用达到100％,按照等量替代的原则,目前该市正在新建曲寨、鼎鑫、     

20 MW水泥窑纯低温余热发电工程设计介绍

利用生产过程中产生的废气余热发电,是水泥生产企业发展循环经济的一种选择模式.介绍了江苏恒来建材股份有限公司水泥窑配套20 MW纯低温余热发电工程的设计方案、工艺流程和设备选型.该工程正常运行后的效益分析表明纯低温余热发电装置目前在我国水泥企业具有广阔的推广应用前景.     

水泥行业清洁生产分析

通过对某新型干法水泥熟料项目清洁生产水平的分析,提出水泥行业清洁生产评价的内容及指标,并简述了清洁生产在水泥行业节能减排中的作用。     

环保发展 谱写水泥生产新篇章——记涿鹿金隅水泥有限公司

涿鹿金隅水泥有限公司隶属于华北地区最大的水泥供应商——北京金隅集团(股份)。公司位于河北省张家口市涿鹿县卧佛寺乡大斜阳村,总投资7.5亿元,2009年6月份破土动工,2010年5月18日4000吨/天熟料水泥生产线正式点火投产。该生产线采用新型干法预分解生产工艺和纯低温余热发电技术,具有年产熟料170万吨,年产P.O42.5普通硅酸盐水泥120万吨,P.C32.5复合硅酸盐水泥80万吨的生产能力;年发电量为8064×104千瓦时,年供电量为7420×104千瓦时。生产线工艺先进,设计合理,节能减排效果明显。一是生产线的计算机控制系统在中央控制室集中管理,从原料处理到水泥包装的生产管理,全部实现自动化控制。二是采用最新技术的冷却机,其热效率高达75%以上,可有效回收出窑熟料的热量,并     

新型干法水泥生命周期环境影响评价

本文以新型干法水泥生产中的原材料开采过程,水泥生产过程、运输过程中的直接环境影响和电力生产、煤生产的间接环境影响为研究对象,运用物料平衡理论和生命周期评价方法,对水泥生命周期的环境影响进行定量研究,并进行综合分析,为建材行业建立相关的生产标准提供方法借鉴,进而促进建筑业循环经济的健康发展.     

水泥余热发电项目的环保验收监测评价

介绍了某水泥厂5 000 t/d新型干法水泥生产线,利用窑头和窑尾废气进行纯低温余热发电的项目.分析了该项目对周围水、气、声、渣产生的环境影响.结论表明:水泥余热发电项目不仅不会时周围环境产生负面影响,而且会带来环境效益,同时为企业节省大笔电赍开支,是典型的绿色环保项目.可以为同类型企业废气余热综合利用提供有益的借鉴.     

新型干法水泥生产线PM_(2.5)超细颗粒物排放测试方法研究

近来,PM2.5因含大量有毒有害物质,对人体健康和大气环境质量产生很大影响而受到社会关注,其防治已成为我国"十二五"环境保护重点工作之一。我国水泥产量已占全球的60%,且今后几年可能还会增长。据统计,2009年我国水泥行业颗粒物排放量约占工业排放总量的30%。这些颗粒中有多少PM2.5目前还是个未知数。这些颗粒物的PM2.5该如何测试?哪种方法更好?将针对新型干法水泥厂烟气的特点来探讨合理的PM2.5测试方法。     

水泥厂余热利用研究

水泥是一种主要的建筑材料,水泥窑炉在生产过程中会排放出高中温烟气,这些余热资源可以被直接或者间接利用,会带来良好的经济效益和社会效益。根据发电设备的类型来确定余热发电技术,同时还要考虑工艺操作流程、规范等因素。为有助于环境保护、能源节约、经济效益提升,需要充分利用生产时产生的热量。随着当今社会对低碳、环保的发展要求逐渐强化,余热发电技术的研究与应用对企业发展和社会的持续发展具有重要的意义。     

新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的技术与优势

本文综述了利用新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的国内外现状,探讨了该方法在技术上的可行性,分析了其在环保上的优势。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.