微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理电荷调节剂废水

针对电荷调节剂生产废水COD高,色度高,可生化性差的特点,采用微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理工艺进行研究。实验结果表明:在微电解铁碳比为1∶1.5,反应停留时间1 h,水解酸化水力停留时间为9 h,SBBR曝气量为0.25 L/min,曝气时间8 h,静沉1.5 h,该工艺最终出水各项水质指标能够达到进入市政污水管网的要求。     

高浓度硝基苯类生产废水物化-生化处理试验研究

采用Fenton法氧化-微电解-厌氧序批式反应(ASBR)-好氧序批式反应(SBR)的工艺流程,处理高浓度硝基苯类生产废水进行试验研究。结果表明,进水硝基苯浓度1300mg/L,COD浓度12480mg/L,pH为2.8时,投加H2O2量为3.3g/L,Fe2+为560mg/L,反应时间为90min,沉淀后上清液进行微电解反应60min并调节pH=8.0,沉淀后再进入ASBR反应器和SBR反应器,硝基苯去除率可达99.4%,COD去除率达94.4%。     

维生素B_1制药废水的铁炭微电解-混凝预处理工艺

针对维生素B1制药废水高有机物浓度、高悬浮物、色度高、难降解的特点,采用铁炭微电解-混凝工艺对其进行预处理,效果良好。铁炭微电解-混凝工艺的最佳运行条件为:进水pH值为4,铁炭比为1∶1,曝气量为0.2m3/h的情况下停留时间80min。出水CODCr浓度平均为1600mg/L,去除率约为79%,色度去除率为85%,出水达到了(GB8978-1996)二级排放标准。     

气浮-水解酸化-高效接触氧化工艺处理汽车废水

对某汽车公司的废水处理系统进行了改造,采用气浮-水解酸化-高效接触氧化工艺对其废水进行了处理,在水解酸化池中使用生物微电解填料,在接触氧化池内使用LK40弹性立体网状生物亲和性组合填料.经该体系处理后,出水水质为pH=6～9、SS＜60mg/L、CODCr＜90mg/L、BOD5＜20mg/L、石油类＜5mg/L,达到DB44/26-2001中一级标准,其处理费用为1.91元/m3.     

抗生素化学制药高浓度有机废水处理小试研究

微电解-厌氧水解-生物铁法-混凝串联工艺处理头孢类抗生素化学制药高浓度有机废水的试验研究结果表明，当微电解、厌氧水解和生物铁法水力停留时间分别为4h、24h和6h，进水CODcr 4000～4500mg/L，BOD5 800～1200mg/L，出水可达广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB44／26-2001)第一时段一级排放标准。     

微电解-电极生物膜法在污水深度处理中的应用

为考察微电解-电极生物膜法的污水深度处理效果,以受污染河水为处理对象,以碳素纤维作为微电解和电极生物膜的电极材料,研究微电解和电极生物膜的污水处理特点及运行条件. 结果表明:微电解可有效去除污水中PN(颗粒态总氮)、PP(颗粒态总磷)、DTP(溶解性总磷)和NH₃-N,去除率分别达到94%、95%、93%和98%;其中DTP的去除以与微电解产生的Fe2+的沉淀反应为主,NH₃-N的去除以硝化反应为主. 微电解提高了有机物的去除率,但对DTN(溶解性总氮)的去除率较低. 电极生物膜能有效去除污水中的NO₃--N,对不同进水水质的适应性较强,脱氮以自养反硝化为主,异养反硝化可有效去除剩余有机物,ρ(NO₃--N)低于45.0 mg/L的污水经过电极生物膜处理后,NO₃--N可被完全去除. 在HRT(水力停留时间)为8 h、电流密度为0.10 mA/cm2的条件下,微电解-电极生物膜法对各种污染物去除效果显著,工艺运行稳定,出水ρ(TN)和ρ(COD_Mn)平均值均低于0.5 mg/L,ρ(TP)低于0.05 mg/L,浊度小于1.0 NTU,可实现污水的深度处理.      

微电解-Fenton氧化法处理炼化企业二级出水研究

利用Fenton强化微电解工艺对炼化企业二级出水展开处理研究,以出水有机物(COD)为考察指标,通过单因素分析法研究确定了2种微电解-Fenton氧化组合工艺:微电解-Fenton联合工艺和微电解-Fenton耦合工艺的最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明,微电解-Fenton联合工艺的最佳工艺参数为:铁炭微电解单元进水p H=3,Fe/C=3/2,Fe投加量为150 g/L,反应时间为2.5 h,海绵铁粒径为2~3mm,曝气量为5 L/min,Fenton氧化单元H_2O_2投加量为0.4 m L/L,反应时间为60 min;微电解-Fenton耦合工艺的最佳工艺参数为:进水p H=3,Fe/C=3/2,Fe投加量为150 g/L,海绵铁粒径为2~3 mm,曝气量为5 L/min,H_2O_2投加量为0.3 m L/L,反应时间为90 min。对2个组合工艺进行对比分析,结果显示微电解-Fenton耦合工艺的处理效果较佳,对炼化企业二级出水有机物处理率达89.30%,可生化性可达到38.2%。     

徽电解-生物接触氧化处理中药废水

扬州中药厂综合废水CODCr400-2000mg/L、水量70－90m^3/d 。在清洁生产、清污分流的基础上采用微电解－生物接触氧化工艺处理后，废水排放达到（GB8978－1996）中一级标准，运行成本不超过1.10元／m^3。     

对位酯废水的光催化降解研究

研究了对位酯生产废水的初步处理方案。先将对位酯废水进行中和、冷冻除盐、加CaO沉淀、过滤等预处理（预处理后COD 40352mg／L;SO4^2-9577mg／L;NH3-N21mg／L）,再采用纳米光催化降解以及BaCl2进行处理,TiO2浓度为2g／L时处理效果较好（COD30325mg／L;SO4^2-880mg／L;NH3-N140mg／L）。废水经铁炭微电解及CaO处理后,再进行光催化降解可以达到更好的处理效果,COD降为21224mg／L。废水经微电解、Fenton氧化和光催化联用处理后,COD降为20800mg／L。     

铁碳微电解/Fenton试剂联合处理垃圾渗滤液研究

垃圾渗滤液水量、水质波动大,污染强度高,处理困难且费用较高,以扬州市某垃圾填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,采用两种微电解-Fenton组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行处理.重点考察了反应时间、H2O2投加量和pH值等因素对渗滤液的处理效果.结果表明:(1)微电解-Fenton组合Ⅰ:当pH值为4.0,H2O2投加量为3 mi/L,反应时间为90 min时,COD去除率达到64.3％,氨氮的去除率为65.9％;(2)微电解-Fenton组合Ⅱ:当pH值为4.0,H2O2投加量为1.0 mL/L,反应时间为90 min时,COD去除率达到71.3％,氨氮的去除率为83.9％.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.