绿色食品认证申报和管理

绿色食品系指遵循可持续发展原则,按照特定的生产方式生产,经专门机构认定,许可使用绿色食品标志的无污染的安全、优质、营养类食品。(一)产品或产品原料产地必须符合绿色食品生态环境质量标准。并有一套保证措施确保该区域在今后的生产过程中的环境质量。(二)农作物种植、畜禽饲养、水产养殖及食品加工必须遵守绿色食品生产技术标准,并制定具有科学性、适用性和可操作性的生产技术规程,用以规范生产,确保产品质量。(三)产品质量必须符合绿色食品生产标准。(四)产品的包装、贮运必须符合绿色食品包装贮运标准。绿色食品定义绿色食品所具备的…     

五常市绿色食品生产基地生态环境质量分析

根据我国绿色食品产地环境质量标准的要求,对黑龙江省五常市发展绿色食品生产基地的环境条件进行分析,并得出其发展绿色食品生产基地的生态环境优势.在良好的生态环境基础上,提出其"三片一线"的绿色食品生产布局.     

淮安市绿色食品生产基地环境质量研究

绿色食品的产地，必须达到一定的环境质量标准，故生产基地环境质量研究是生产绿色食品的关键。主要环境要素有：土壤、水质、大气环境以及绿色食品基地现产食品中农药残留量。     

保佑我们胃的未来——访广西绿色食品办公室副主任骆桂江

绿色食品系指遵循可持续发展原则,按照特定的生产方式生产,经专门机构认定,许可使用绿色食品标志的无污染的安全、优质、营养类食品。我国现阶段的绿色食品分为A级和AA级两个等级。两者的区别是:A级即是我们通常所称的“绿色食品”,在生产过程中允许限量、限品种使用化学合成物质;AA级即是有机食品,则在生产过程中不能使用任何化学合成物质。     

辽南地区蔬菜生产基地环境质量评价

采用中国绿色食品生态环境质量标准，对辽宁省辽南地区，瓦房店市老虎屯经济开发区蔬菜生产基地生态环境进行了监测和评价，结果表明，该蔬菜生产基地大气，水质，土壤各种污染物的污染指数均小于1，符合绿色食品生产基地环境质量标准，可以作为绿色食品蔬菜生产基地。     

绿色食品的环境监测

随着我国人民生活水平的改善 ,人们对生存环境和饮食卫生的要求不断提高 ,“绿色食品”应运而生。绿色食品的开发不只是对单个部门或技术的要求 ,它涉及诸多学科 ,也应遵循多标准。本文简要阐述绿色食品的环境监测现状及技术要求并提出了发展绿色食品的合理化建议。     

信息

江苏绿色食品业初具规模被誉为“安全、优质、营养、无公害”的绿色食品业在江苏省悄然兴起,作为江苏一大产业雏形初见端倪,呈现生产基地化、品种系列化、产销批量化的发展势头。全省已有32个企业生产的粮油、饮料、畜禽、经济作物等6大类50种产品被冠以绿色食品标志,年产值30亿元,基地作物种植面积突破100万亩,另有27种产品通过初审。江苏省绿色食品开发起步於90年代初,近年来发展迅速。1996年丰县被联合国工业发展组织中国投资处定点为高科技绿色食品生产及深加工基地。海门市出现了全国第一家县级绿色食     

水污染防治是建设绿色食品基地的关键

发展绿色食品生产,是我国经济可持续发展的重要组成部分.本文从防治水污染的角度,为绿色食品基地的建设提供良好的水质保证.     

绿色食品

所谓绿色食品，系指按生态环境要求培育的农作物和家畜，即谷物中不合农药、化肥、防腐剂、色素等有害物质，而合大量的维生素和微量元素，无污染，而且生产过程中甚至包装都不产生公害的天然绿色食品。而家畜必须在一个无污染的环境中成长，食用无污染饲料；每年至少有半年时间在室外活动。为了防治食品污染，保护人体健康，6o年代后期，世界各国开始了生态农业的尝试，绿色食品的生产加工也愈来愈讲究安全可靠。我国绿色食品上市近9年来，各种绿色食品如雨后春笋，发展迅速。据统计，全国有9O0多种产品已申请到绿色食品标志。仅上海生产…     

浅谈发展绿色食品与农业环境保护

绿色食品开发是将保护环境与发展经济有机结合的主动环保的典范,生态农业建设不仅为发展绿色食品创造了最好的生态环境条件,而且也为发展绿色食品提供了技术基础.     

利用合成氨二段转化气联产甲醇技术的可行性分析

通过对国内外不同甲醇合成生产工艺技术概况及能耗指标的分析，探讨合成氨化肥企业利用现有工艺技术进行改造的可行性，以提高企业对市场的适应性。     

The Fate of Murine Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus During Preparation of Fresh Produce by Cutting and Grating

Human noroviruses and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are commonly associated with outbreaks occurring in restaurant establishments and catered events. Food handlers are major contributing factors to foodborne illnesses initiated in the kitchen setting. In this study, transfer of HAV and murine norovirus (MNV-1), a human norovirus surrogate, between produce (cucumbers, strawberries, tomatoes, cantaloupes, carrots, and honeydew melons) and common kitchen utensils (graters and knives) was investigated. The extent of virus transfer to produce during utensil application, in the presence and the absence of food residue, and the impact of knife surface properties (sharp, dull, serrated) was also investigated. Transfer of MNV-1 and HAV from produce items, initially contaminated with ~5.5 log PFU, to knives and graters during application ranged from 0.9 to 5.1 log PFU. MNV-1 transfer to knives was the greatest for cucumbers, strawberries, and tomatoes, and the least for honeydew melons, while transfer of HAV to knives was greater for tomatoes and honeydew melons than strawberries, cantaloupes, and cucumbers. After preparation of a contaminated produce item, knife cross-contamination easily occurred as viruses were detected on almost all of the seven produce items successively prepared. Produce residues on utensils often resulted in less virus transfer when compared to utensils without residue accumulation. Knife surface properties did not impact virus transfer. The ease of virus transfer between produce and utensils demonstrated by the current study highlights the importance of efforts aimed toward preventing cross-contamination in the kitchen environment.     

污水污泥低温热解技术工艺与能量平衡分析

针对一次给料稳定运行污泥热解系统制取三相产物的工艺展开分析,并基于能流图、能源回收率、能耗比等方法和衡算指标讨论该工艺的能量平衡关系。研究发现:热解产物的产率和热值高低受热解终温影响最大,反应时间次之,升温速率最小。不同工况条件下热解过程热量损失具有明显差别,热解停留时间长、升温速率低都造成输入能量、热损失增大。热解过程能量平衡分析也验证了以制取气相产物为目标的污泥热解工艺条件的回收率和能耗比最高,分别为0.94和1.73;与高产出液相油的热解过程相比,产物总能量相差不多而系统消耗的能量能够减少35%。从能源回收、节约能源角度分析,污泥低温热解制取可燃性气相产物的工艺系统具有较高应用价值。     

柴油加氢装置清洁生产技术改造与措施

福炼柴油加氢精制装置通过各项技术改造，充分利用氢源，在提高柴油产品质量的同时，减少装置的三废排放，顺应国家清洁生产的需要。     

利用柑桔加工过程中的废物生产纤维素酶发酵饲料

利用柑桔加工过程中废物提取有用物质后 ,再进行固体发酵生产纤维酶发酵饲料的研究 ,筛选到一株具有较高纤维素酶的青霉菌株。其最适固体培养基配方为 :桔皮∶豆饼∶麸皮 =15∶1∶1,碳酸铵质量分数为 3% ,物料∶水 =2∶1,pH值为 4 5 ;最佳产酶条件为 :培养温度为 30℃ ,培养时间为 84h左右。为柑桔加工过程中所产的废物提供了一条变废为宝 ,解决环境污染的新途径。      

Detection of Potential Infectious Enteric Viruses in Fresh Produce by (RT)-qPCR Preceded by Nuclease Treatment

Foodborne illnesses associated with contaminated fresh produce are a common public health problem and there is an upward trend of outbreaks caused by enteric viruses, especially human noroviruses (HNoVs) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). This study aimed to assess the use of DNase and RNase coupled to qPCR and RT-qPCR, respectively, to detect intact particles of human adenoviruses (HAdVs), HNoV GI and GII and HAV in fresh produce. Different concentrations of DNase and RNase were tested to optimize the degradation of free DNA and RNA from inactivated HAdV and murine norovirus (MNV), respectively. Results indicated that 10 µg/ml of RNase was able to degrade more than 4 log₁₀ (99.99%) of free RNA, and 1 U of DNase degraded the range of 0.84–2.5 log₁₀ of free DNA depending on the fresh produce analysed. The treatment with nucleases coupled to (RT)-qPCR was applied to detect potential infectious virus in organic lettuce, green onions and strawberries collected in different seasons. As a result, no intact particles of HNoV GI and GII were detected in the 36 samples analysed, HAdV was found in one sample and HAV was present in 33.3% of the samples, without any reasonable distribution pattern among seasons. In conclusion, RT-qPCR preceded by RNase treatment of eluted samples from fresh produce is a good alternative to detect undamaged RNA viruses and therefore, potential infectious viruses. Moreover, this study provides data about the prevalence of enteric viruses in organic fresh produce from Brazil.     

Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus in Fresh Produce and Production Environments,and the Effect of Disinfection Procedures: A Review

Although information is limited, it is evident that prolonged persistence of infectious Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a factor in the transmission of the virus via fresh produce. Consequently, data on persistence of the virus on produce, and in environments relevant to production, such as soils, water and surfaces, are required to fully understand the dynamics of transmission of HAV via foods. Furthermore, information on effective disinfection procedures is necessary to implement effective post-harvest control measures. This review summarises current information on HAV persistence in fresh produce and on relevant disinfection procedures. On vegetables, HAV can remain infectious for several days; on frozen berries, it can persist for several months. HAV can remain infectious on surfaces for months, depending on temperature and relative humidity, and can survive desiccation. It can survive for several hours on hands. Washing hands can remove the virus, but further data are required on the appropriate procedure. Chlorination is effective in water, but not when HAV is associated with foodstuffs. Bleach and other sodium hypochlorite disinfectants at high concentrations can reduce HAV on surfaces, but are not suitable for use on fresh produce. There is only limited information on the effects of heating regimes used in the food industry on HAV. HAV is resistant to mild pasteurisation. Some food components, e.g. fats and sugars, can increase the virus’ resistance to higher temperatures. HAV is completely eliminated by boiling. Quantitative prevalence data are needed to allow the setting of appropriate disinfection log reduction targets for fresh produce.     

以天然气为原料生产亚氨基二乙腈的污染物产生及治理措施

以天然气-氢氰酸-羟基乙腈-亚胺基二乙腈-亚胺基二乙酸-双甘膦-草甘膦工艺路线正以其良好的经济性得到推广和发展，而其中的关键中间原料亚氨基二乙腈（IDAN）由于规模化生产装置较少，污染物的产生情况及治理措施尚有待于探讨，结合四川省拟建的和已有部分同类项目及装置的经验，在进行污染物源点、源强调查的基础上，分析、归纳和总结了已有治理技术，提出了较为完整亚氨基二乙腈生产的污染治理措施。本研究对草甘膦产业的污染物有效治理具有一定的指导意义。     

安全农产品生产基地环境认证和环境建设的现状与发展

分析了安全农产品生产基地环境认证与环境建设现状 ,强调指出生产基地环境认证和环境建设是控制农产品安全的源头 ,对我国安全农产品生产基地环境认证与环境建设中存在的问题进行了探讨 ,提出了解决的对策和发展的方向     

新型消毒剂二氧化氯的开发与应用

从保护饮用水的安全与卫生出发，介绍了替代液氯和其它氯制品的新型消毒剂——二氧化氯所具有的优点，特别是可有效抑制三卤代烷（ＴＨＭＳ）的产生；讨论了二氧化氯的最佳投放方式及ＣｌＯ－２和ＣｌＯ－３等有害副产物生成的机理和控制方法