Mn/Fe-Mn改性HZSM-5在NH3-SCR中的催化性能

采用离子交换法制备了不同Mn含量及不同Fe/Mn物质的量比的HZSM-5改性分子筛,并以NH3为还原剂,在体积空速为12000 h-1条件下,考察了上述催化剂选择性催化还原NO性能.同时,运用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、比表面积(BET)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,改性催化剂中活性组分在载体表面呈高度分散形式,催化活性较高,复合改性较单独改性性能更为优越,适量Fe的加入提高了催化剂催化活性和稳定性;(0.25)Fe-Mn/HZSM-5(Fe/Mn物质的量比为0.25)的NO转化率于300℃时最高达到98%,在300～500℃范围内NO转化率均保持在90%以上.实验还研究了不同焙烧温度下制备的(0.25)Fe-Mn/HZSM-5对NO转化率的影响.结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂的活性影响较大,550℃为最佳焙烧温度.     

Iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

The catalysts of iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO 2(Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2) prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH 3.It was found that the NO conversion over Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 was obviously improved after iron doping compared with that over Mn-Ce/TiO 2.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 with the molar ratio of Fe/Ti = 0.1 exhibited the highest activity.The results showed that 96.8% NO conversion was obtained over Fe(0.1)-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 at 180°C at a space velocity of 50,000 hr 1.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 exhibited much higher resistance to H 2 O and SO 2 than that of Mn-Ce/TiO 2.The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),N 2 adsorption,temperature programmed desorption(NH 3-TPD and NOx-TPD),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques.BET,NH3-TPD and NOx-TPD results showed that the specific surface area and NH3 and NOx adsorption capacity of the catalysts increased with iron doping.It was known from XPS analysis that iron valence state on the surface of the catalysts were in Fe3+ state.The doping of iron enhanced the dispersion and oxidation state of Mn and Ce on the surface of the catalysts.The oxygen concentrations on the surface of the catalysts were found to increase after iron doping.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO2 represented a promising catalyst for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 in the presence of H2 O and SO2.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH_3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH_3.The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O_2 was studied in this work.The results showed that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99,0.01-0.13,and 0 for NO,O_2 and NH_3 at 350-450℃,respectively. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst.The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N_2 and H_2O.Gaseous O_2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process.It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH_3.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.     

强化SCR脱硝催化剂转化零价汞的初步研究

常规的选择性还原脱硝(SCR)催化剂对烟气中的零价汞具有一定的催化氧化作用,从而有利于提高下游的除汞效率。但在烟气HCl浓度较低时,SCR催化剂对燃煤烟气中的零价汞催化氧化效果较差。为了提高SCR催化剂对零价汞的催化氧化效果,在现有SCR催化剂基础上,通过负载其它金属元素的方法,对其进行改性掺杂。结果发现,负载锰氧化物的Mn/SCR催化剂,对零价汞的催化氧化作用明显提高,而将其再掺杂Mo后,其催化氧化性能得到更进一步提高。在反应温度350℃的条件下,加入7.5 mg/m3HCl,Mo-Mn/SCR对零价汞的催化氧化效率接近90%,而常规SCR催化剂只有35%左右。另外,Mo只有在与Mn结合使用,其促进作用才能较显著地体现出来。对改性后的SCR催化剂的脱硝性能研究表明,掺杂Mo-Mn元素对于SCR的脱硝性能无明显影响。     

载体平衡离子对MnOx/ZSM-5催化NH3-SCR性能影响

采用不同平衡离子（H⁺、Na⁺和NH₄⁺）的ZSM-5改性分子筛制备MnO_x/ZSM-5催化剂,研究平衡离子对氨选择催化还原（NH₃-SCR）反应活性的影响.NH₃-SCR反应结果表明,NH₄-ZSM-5为载体时,催化剂表现出优异的低温SCR活性,而H-ZSM-5为载体的催化剂则在高温范围对NO_x具有较高的转化率.XRD、TEM、BET、Raman、H₂-TPR、XPS等表征结果显示,平衡离子可明显影响MnO_x在催化剂中的分散位置以及氧化还原性质.MZ-NH₄催化剂中活性组分MnO_x分散在载体外表面,颗粒尺寸较大,主要以Mn³⁺形式存在,对NO具有较强的氧化能力,进而促进“快速SCR”反应的进行.而H-ZSM-5为载体时,MnO_x主要被限域在载体孔道内形成限域催化剂,主要以Mn⁴⁺形式存在.活性研究和表征结果证明,活性组分分散在催化剂外表面,更有利于低温SCR反应的进行.     

Characterization and performance of Pt/SBA-15 for low-temperature SCR of NO by C3H6

Pt supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 was investigated as a catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO by C 3 H 6 in the presence of excess oxygen.The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD,BET surface area,TEM,NO-TPD,NO/C 3 H 6-TPO,NH 3-TPD,XPS and 27 Al MAS NMR.The effects of Pt loading amount,O 2 /C 3 H 6 concentration,and incorporation of Al into SBA-15 have been studied.It was found that the removal efficiency increased significantly after Pt loading,but an optimal loading amount was observed.In particular,under an atmosphere of 150 ppm NO,150 ppm C 3 H 6,and 18 vol.% O 2,0.5% Pt/SBA-15 showed remarkably high catalytic performance giving 80.1% NOx reduction and 87.04% C 3 H 6 conversion simultaneously at 140°C.The enhanced SCR activity of Pt/SBA-15 is associated with its outstanding oxidation activities of NO to NO 2 and C 3 H 6 to CO 2 in low temperature range.The research results also suggested that higher concentration of O 2 and higher concentration of C 3 H 6 favored NO removal.The incorporation of Al into SBA-15 improved catalytic performance,which could be ascribed to the enhancement of catalyst surface acidity caused by tetrahedrally coordinated AlO 4.Moreover,the catalysts could be easily reused and possessed good stability.     

不同方法制备的铟催化剂选择性还原NO

不同负载量的In/Al₂O₃催化剂分别以浸渍法、共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制得,对比评价了不同方法制备的样品在富氧条件下以丙烯为还原剂,选择性催化还原NO的活性,考察了氧气浓度、H₂O对活性的影响.研究表明,铟催化剂有较高的去除NO活性,制备方法对催化剂活性具有显著影响.其中,溶胶-凝胶法和共沉淀法最高活性都可达90%左右;而浸渍法样品的活性较差,最高转化率不到60%.氧气浓度对NOx最高转化率及其相应反应温度均有重要影响.随着O2浓度的提高,最高活性对应的反应温度降低.反应气氛中H₂O的加入使铟催化剂活性大幅降低.铟与其他多种金属活性组分相比,一个突出的不同表现是,3种方法各自的最佳负载量相差不大.     

Effect of Ce doping of TiO2 support on NH3-SCR activity over V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst

CeO2–TiO2composite supports with different Ce/Ti molar ratios were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method, and V2O5–WO3/CeO2–TiO2catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction（SCR） of NOx with NH3 were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were characterized by means of BET, XRD, UV–Vis,Raman and XPS techniques. The results showed that the catalytic activity of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 was greatly enhanced by Ce doping（molar ratio of Ce/Ti = 1/10） in the TiO2 support.The catalysts that were predominantly anatase TiO2 showed better catalytic performance than the catalysts that were predominantly fluorite CeO2. The Ce additive could enhance the surface adsorbed oxygen and accelerate the SCR reaction. The effects of O2 concentration, ratio of NH3/NO, space velocity and SO2 on the catalytic activity were also investigated. The presence of oxygen played an important role in NO reduction. The optimal ratio of NH3/NO was 1/1 and the catalyst had good resistance to SO2 poisoning.     

A novel four-way combining catalysts for simultaneous removal of exhaust pollutants from diesel engine

A novel four-way combining catalysts containing double layers was applied to simultaneously remove four kinds of exhaust pollutants(NOx,CO,HC and PM) emitted from diesel engine.The four-way catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS).Their catalytic performances were evaluated by temperature-programmed reaction technology.The double layer catalysts could effectively remove the four main pollutants.The highest catalytic activity was given by the two-layered catalysts of La0.6K0.4CoO3/Al2O3 and W/HZSM-5.Under the simulated exhaust gases conditions,the peak temperature of the soot combustion was 421°C,the maximal conversion of NO to N2 was 74%,the temperature of the HC total conversion was 357°C,and the maximum conversion ratio of CO was 99%.     

硅铝比对Cu/SSZ-13SCR活性位的影响

采用固态离子交换法制备了不同硅铝比（Si/Al=5,10,25）的Cu/SSZ-13分子筛催化剂,探究硅铝比对其NH₃选择性催化还原（NH₃-SCR）活性位的影响规律,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）,H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）,NO_x程序升温脱附（NO_x-TPD）,NH₃程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）,原位红外实验（in situ DRIFTS）等手段进行物化性质表征.活性测试结果表明,当Cu负载量为4wt%时,不同硅铝比的Cu/SSZ-13具有显著差异的SCR活性;其中,Cu/SSZ-13（10）的SCR活性最佳,200~450℃温度范围内NO转化率均大于80%.XRD和H₂-TPR结果表明,硅铝比会影响Cu/SSZ-13的Cu物种的分布和氧化还原性.NO_x-TPD和NH₃-TPD结果表明,3种催化剂中Cu/SSZ-13（10）具有最多Cu²⁺离子,Cu²⁺离子可以为Cu/SSZ-13（10）提供更多的NO_x吸附位点和Lewis酸性位点,而Lewis酸性位是Cu/SSZ-13主要的低温SCR活性位点,因此有利于NH_3-SCR反应的进行.当硅铝比增加到25时,Cu/SSZ-13（25）的Lewis酸性位大量损失,导致其SCR活性明显下降.     

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx and diesel soot particulate over perovskite-type oxides and supported Ag catalysts

A series of perovskite-type oxides and supported Ag catalysts were prepared,and characterized by X-ray diffraction (CRD)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activities of the catalysts as well as influencing factors on catalytic activity have been investigated for the simultaneous removal of NOx and diesel soot particulate.An increase in catalytic activity for the selective reduction of NOx was observed with Ag addition in these perovskite oxides,especially with 5% Ag loading.This catalyst could be a promising candidate of catalytic material for the simultaneous elimination of NOx and diesel soot.     

Ce掺杂改性Ni-Al-Ox催化剂CO-NO反应性能

通过尿素法制备了一系列Ce掺杂改性的Ni-Al-O_x复合氧化物催化剂,并研究了催化剂的CO-NO反应性能.活性测试结果表明,Ni-Al-Ce-O_x的催化活性明显优于Ni-Al-O_x,且活性随着Ce含量的增加而提高.当Ce的掺杂量为20%时,250℃条件下,NO转化率高达95%以上,同时催化剂具有良好的抗H₂O性能.XRD和Raman分析表明,Ce掺杂Ni-Al-O_x催化剂促进了氧空位产生.而XPS结果显示,氧空位随着Ce含量的增加而增加.H₂-TPR结果表明,Ce的掺杂使催化剂的氧化还原性能增强.结合NO-TPD和FTIR的表征结果,进一步发现Ce的加入使表面氧难以将NO氧化成硝酸盐,有利于NO在Ce的氧空位上分解为N₂或N₂O,促进CO-NO反应的进行.     

ACF负载金属氧化物及尿素低温去除NO

以活性炭纤维(ACF)负载NiO以及NiO-CeO2制备了一系列催化剂,并在催化剂上负载尿素作为还原剂,研究其在30～120℃范围内的催化还原NO的活性.通过SEM、BET、XRD等表征实验选择性地对催化剂进行了理化特征研究.结果表明,3种不同质量分数的NiO催化剂中,5%NiO/ACF效率较低,10%NiO的催化剂活性以及活性稳定性较好,在90℃即可达到50%左右的NO净化效率,15%NiO/ACF的催化活性稳定性较差.在3种不同质量分数的NiO-CeO2/ACF催化剂中,5%NiO-5%CeO2/ACF的活性以及活性稳定性最好,在110℃可达到55%以上的NO净化效率.10%CeO2-5%NiO/ACF活性高于5%CeO2-10%NiO/ACF;活性金属的最佳负载量为10%,过多的负载量会引起催化剂比表面积的减少从而导致催化剂活性下降;金属氧化物是催化反应的活性中心.对10%CeO2/ACF、10%NiO/ACF和5%CeO2-5%NiO/ACF的研究显示,5%CeO2-5%NiO/ACF的催化活性最好,CeO2和NiO的协同作用使催化剂的活性优于2种单独负载的催化剂.本研究还对催化剂的低温催化机制进行了分析和讨论.     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR activity of NOx emission abatement catalyst

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on various TiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both were investigated with various physico-chemical measurements such as BET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR (selective catalytic reduction) activity of V20s/TiO2 catalysts was studied. It was found that the TiO2 surface properties had strong affect on the SCR activity of V2Os/TiO2 catalysts. The stronger acidic property resulted in the higher exposure of active sites as well as the higher SCR activity.     

金属阳离子对高硅分子筛催化氧化NO的影响

采用离子交换法制备了Na-、K-、Co-、NiZSM-5分子筛催化剂.测试了它们催化氧化NO的性能并通过XRD、BET、ICP-MS和Py-IR等表征,结果表明,CoZSM-5分子筛对NO催化氧化具有最高的活性,氧化率达到47%,主要是引入Co离子的ZSM-5表面酸性最适宜NO氧化.同时,在湿度100%条件下,考察了氧气浓度（5%~20%）,空速与二氧化硫浓度（0~200×10^-6）等对CoZSM-5分子筛催化氧化NO性能的影响.实验结果表明,在30℃、空速14400h^-1和相对湿度100%条件下,SO₂浓度在200×10^-6以下对催化氧化NO基本无影响.56h催化剂稳定性实验结果表明,在30℃、NO进口浓度600×10^-6、空速18000h^-1和饱和水汽（RH：100%）条件下,CoZSM-5分子筛催化剂对NO的氧化率可维持在40%左右.因此CoZSM-5分子筛催化剂具有良好的NO氧化稳定性、抗水性和一定的抗硫性.     

疏水型H-ZSM-5分子筛上NO氧化反应的研究

针对NO低温氧化催化剂的抗水汽性差的问题,以疏水型高硅H-ZSM-5分子筛为NO氧化催化剂,在温度为10~90℃、NO进口浓度为0.05%~0.08%,及相对湿度为0~100%条件下,考察了NO的氧化反应.结果表明,H-ZSM-5分子筛的硅铝比由50提高至300时,湿气条件(水汽含量1.18%)下,NO氧化率由20%升高至56%;干气下,低温有利于NO氧化;湿气下(水汽含量1.18%),NO氧化率随着温度的升高先增加后减少,最佳反应温度为20℃,与NOx工业废气的排放温度相近.200h的稳定性试验结果显示,在30℃、NO进口浓度0.08%、空时0.5s、保持相对湿度为50%或100%时,NO氧化率可维持在60%和50%,催化剂具有良好的稳定性.     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂脱除NO的研究

采用了等体积浸渍法制备二氧化钛负载钒氧化物催化剂（V2O5/TiO2）,研究了V2O5负载量、反应温度、烟气流量、氨氮比以及运行时间各因素对NH3选择性催化还原NO反应（SCR）效率的影响.研究结果表明：经过500℃温度下煅烧,烟气流量为200ml/min,负载量为7wt％的V2O5/TiO2催化剂,在400℃温度下反应,NO脱除率可达70.5％.     

NH3-SCR performance and the resistance to SO2 for Nb doped vanadium based catalyst at low temperatures

Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests.     

尖晶石型MnCo_2O_4催化剂的制备及SCR性能研究

用柠檬酸配位燃烧法制备了尖晶石复合金属氧化物MnCo2O4,使用X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外分析仪对其进行了表征,并进一步在固定床反应器中考查了该催化剂的催化氧化、还原NO的性能以及SO2的影响。结果表明,所制备的MnCo2O4催化剂呈现典型的尖晶石结构,在300℃,空速20000h-1时,NO氧化率可以达到30%,而NH3催化还原NO的效率可达99.5%,但SO2对其还原性能有明显影响。