机械、仪表工业废物处理与综合利用

X760.3 200403436 高浓度难降解乳化废水湿式氧化影响因素研究/ 曾新平(同济大学生命科学与技术学院)…//环境科学研究/中国环科院.-2004,17(2).-38-41 环图X-6 在2L高压间歇反应釜中,系统地研究了湿式氧化对乳化液废水的CODCr,TOC去除效果及影响因素。研究表明:温度是影响湿式氧化效果的关键因素,湿式氧化温度以220℃为宜,进水CODCr质量浓度为48 000m/L时反应2h,CODCr和TOC去除率分别达86.4%,79.5%;供氧不足氧化受到显著限制,供氧量以(1.0-1.25)p(O2)*为宜;该法在较宽浓度范围内仍具有良好的处理效果;进水pH值对有机物氧化影响较小。图15表1参4     

湿式氧化处理高浓度难降解有机废水研究

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,系统地研究了高浓度难降解乳化废水的影响因素和动力学特征.结果表明:湿式氧化温度以220℃为宜;TOC去除率为73 2%～82 1%;供氧量以1 0～1 25倍理论需氧量为宜;在较宽浓度范围内仍具有良好的处理效果;并建立基于TOC指数型经验模型.     

均匀设计法优化造纸黑液的湿式氧化法处理工艺

通过均匀设计实验,对造纸黑液进行湿式氧化处理,数据回归得到CODCr、吸光度、浊度的回归方程,各回归方程显著,氧分压对造纸黑液各指标影响最大;研究反应过程中反应温度、氧分压、进水pH值、进水浓度、搅拌强度、反应时间对造纸黑液湿式氧化(WAO)处理的影响,6因素优化的操作条件依次为:180℃、3.0MPa、7.25、5500mg/L、500r/min、60min;在优化的操作条件下,造纸黑液的CODCr、CODCr去除率为1661mg/L、69.8%,吸光度、脱色率为0.63、96.3%,浊度、浊度去除率为661NTU、74.8%.均匀设计法在造纸黑液WAO处理中得到了较好的应用.     

乳化液废水湿式氧化后SBR处理研究

研究了乳化液废水湿式氧化前后的可生化性和生物毒性变化,并考察了SBR工艺处理湿式氧化后的乳化液废水的效果.实验证明,乳化液废水(COD＝48 000 mg/L) BOD₅/COD (B/C)为0.072 3,相当于0.120 mg/L氯化汞毒性,属难生化的高浓度有机废水.经湿式氧化处理后,B/C显著上升,温度越高,B/C上升幅度越大,生物毒性降低越多.在220℃和240℃湿式氧化后生物毒性分别降低18.3%和50.8%.SBR对220℃湿式氧化出水具有良好地处理效果,并有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,当进水COD为1 500～3 000 mg/L时,COD去除率为94.6%～96.1%,进水COD为2 000 mg/L时,出水COD平均为96.0 mg/L.WAO-SBR处理乳化液废水具有良好的开发前景.     

陶瓷碎片基质人工湿地处理污染河水的应用

选取陶瓷碎片废弃物作为基质,芦苇和菖蒲作为湿地植物,构建潜流人工湿地系统,对城市纳污河道内的污染河水进行处理。水力负荷为15cm/d,考察了在较高浓度进水(CODCr和氨氮浓度分别为40~70mg/L和10~35mg/L)和较低浓度进水(CODCr和氨氮浓度分别为15~30mg/L和0.3~3mg/L)2种工况下系统的运行效果。结果表明,在较高浓度进水情况下,系统对CODCr、氨氮的平均去除率分别为10.0%和42.4%;在较低浓度进水情况下,系统对CODCr、氨氮的平均去除率分别为38.5%和63.0%。陶瓷碎片是一种经济有效的湿地基质。     

高浓度乳化废水处理中铜系催化剂催化活性比较

研究了几种铜系列催化剂在高浓度乳化废水进行湿式氧化(WAO)和催化湿式氧化(CWAO)处理中的效果。在160～240℃反应温度条件下,以CODcr,和TOC为参数,系统考查了均相/多相催化剂的催化性能,筛选出具有优良催化性能的过渡金属多相催化剂。结果表明,在温度200℃和初始氧分压P。1.2MPa条件下,控制氧化反应2h,无催化剂存在时,乳化废水的CODcr去除率为75％,TOC去除率为66%;均相催化剂[Cu(NO3)2]具有很好的氧化催化能力;当使用Cu/Alumina或Mn-Ce/Alumina催化剂时,CODcr去除率分别89.5％和84.2％,TOC去除率则分别达到了81.7％和81.2％;与WAO同等CODcr及TOC去除率水平相比,借助Cu/Alumina催化剂,CWAO反应温度可降低30℃左右。初步探讨了湿式氧化出水的可生化性。     

活性污泥-接触氧化法处理印染废水

采用活性污泥 接触氧化法处理印染废水 ,取得了满意效果。在低温季节半年多的工程运行中 ,进水平均CODCr浓度为 5 67± 40 0mg L ,平均色度为 416± 3 7 1倍时 ,出水平均CODCr浓度 79 7± 6 0mg L ,去除率为 84 1± 1 7% ;平均色度 5 2 8± 4 0倍 ,去除率为 85 2± 1 3 % (置信度为 95 % )。处理成本低 ,仅为 0 79元 m3,污泥产量小 ,管理方便     

不同基质浓度下SBR进水方式对厌氧氨氧化的影响

采用厌氧SBR反应器,分别以配水培养和以实际晚期垃圾渗滤液培养的厌氧氨氧化菌为研究对象,考察了不同基质浓度下,SBR改进式连续进水方式与一次性进水方式对厌氧氨氧化工艺运行性能的影响.结果表明,当处理人工配水时,在中低进水浓度下(NO2--N￡400mg/L),与改进式连续进水方式相比,宜采用一次性进水方式运行;在高进水浓度下(NO2--N3400mg/L)改进式连续进水方式比一次性进水方式优势明显,特别是在5h改进式连续进水方式下,平均比污泥脱氮速率增加至39.11mgN/(gVSS·h),相比一次进水方式效率提高40%.当处理进水NO2--N浓度为(300±20)mg/L的实际晚期垃圾渗滤液时, 5h改进式连续进水的SBR比污泥脱氮速率最高.由于晚期渗滤液较配水成分复杂,使得厌氧氨氧化菌面临有机物和有害物质的影响,其厌氧氨氧化的反应速率低于同等基质浓度配水条件下的厌氧氨氧化反应速率.     

供氧充足环境下SBBR实现短程硝化的控制研究

在供氧充足条件下对序批式生物膜反应器SBBR实现短程硝化的途径和机理进行研究.以垃圾渗滤液为处理对象,控制反应器主要环境参数为:溶解氧(DO)5mg/L, pH7.0,温度(t)25℃,采用全排水方式,进水周期为12h.通过数学推导和模型分析,确定以游离氨FA、C02和HN02浓度为直接控制因素,进水周期为间接控制因素,在SBBR反应器中实现了有效的短程硝化.结果表明,在氨氮NH ,4-N容积负荷0.52kg/(m3·d), NaHCO3浓度1.5mg/L的进水条件下, NH 4-N转化率达到89%, NO-2-N积累率达到83%,短程硝化作用显著.由此得出FA浓度是供氧充足情况下实现亚硝态氮NO-2-N积累的关键因素, CO2作为氨氧化细菌AOB的碳源,则具有进一步提升反应器性能的作用.     

三维电极电化学氧化酚醛树脂生产废水

采用刷涂法和阳极电沉积法制备Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/β-PbO2阳极,扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学工作站分析和表征,具有良好表面结构和催化活性;电化学氧化槽内充填铁碳粒子电极形成三电极氧化系统.利用该系统电化学氧化酚醛树脂实际生产废水,研究氧化参数的变化对甲醛、苯酚和化学耗氧量(CODCr)降解效果的影响,包括电流密度、氧化时间和水溶液初始pH值.电化学氧化过程符合一级动力学.在生产废水中苯酚质量浓度为350 mg/L、甲醛质量浓度为1 800 mg/L,电流密度25 mA/cm3,电化学氧化时间300 min时,甲醛、苯酚和CODCr去除率分别达到96.5%,86.9%和94.7%.     

湿式氧化处理高浓度磷霉素废水的动力学研究

采用湿式氧化(Wet Air Oxidation,WAO)工艺处理高浓度磷霉素制药废水,并对磷霉素制药废水WAO过程中总有机磷(TOP)和CODCr去除的动力学特征进行研究,定量表征了反应温度、氧分压对TOP和CODCr去除的影响。结果表明:WAO过程中TOP和CODCr的去除分为快反应和慢反应2个阶段,其去除过程较好地符合分段一级动力学模型,总体而言,TOP和CODCr的去除随着反应温度和氧分压的增加而增大,慢反应阶段TOP和CODCr的去除对反应温度和氧分压呈现较弱的依赖性。在氧分压为1.0 MPa条件下,TOP去除的表观活化能Eafast和Easlow分别为68.6和44.7 kJ/mol,COD去除的表观活化能Ea和Ea分别为41.0和24.5 kJ/mol。     

Catalytic wet air oxidation for the treatment of emulsifying wastewater

The wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic WAO(CWAO) of the high strength emulsifying wastewater containing nonionic surfactants have been investigated in terms of COD and TOC removal. The WAO and homogeneous CWAO processes were carried out at the temperature from 433 K to 513 K, with initial oxygen pressure 1.2 MPa. It was found that homogeneous catalyst copper(Cu(NO3)2) had an fairly good catalytic activity for the WAO process, and the oxidation was catalyzed when the temperature was higher than 473K. Moreover, several heterogeneous catalysts were proved to be effective for the WAO process. At the temperature 473 K, after 2h reaction, WAO process could achieve about 75% COD removal and 66% TOC removal, while catalysts Cu/Al2O3 and Mn-Ce/Al2O3 elevated the COD removal up to 86%-89% and that of TOC up to 82%. However, complete elimination of COD and TOC was proved to be difficult even the best non-noble catalyst was used. Therefore, the effluent from WAO or CWAO process need to be further disposed. The bioassay proved that the effluent from WAO process was amenable to the biochemical method.     

Treatment of desizing wastewater from the textile industry by wet air oxidation

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Treatment of desizing wastewater from the textile industry by wet air oxidation

This paper describes the application of wet air oxidation to the treatment of desizing wastewater from two textile companies. A two-liter high temperature, high pressure autoclave reactor was used in the study. The range of operating temperatures examined was between 150 and 290℃, and the partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0. 375 to 2.25 MPa. Variations in pH,CODCr and TOD content were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the extent of conversion of the process. The effects of temperature, pressure and reaction time were explored extensively. More than 90 ％ CODCr reduction and 80 ％ TOC removal have been obtained. The results have also been demonstrated that WAO is a suitable pre-treatment methods due to improvement of the BOD5/CODCr ratio of desizing wastewater. The reaction kinetics of wet air oxidation of desizing wastewater has been proved to be two steps, a fast reaction followed by a slow reaction stage.     

活性藻系统对氮、磷及有机物的去除研究

报道了实验室条件下利用活性藻反应系统对合成污水中N、P、CODCr和BOD5等的去除 效果.在26±2℃条件下,当停留时间为24h时,TN, TP, COD_Cr 和BOD₅ 的平均去除率分别为 7 7.62%, 33.23%, 90.89% 和 95.77%.当进水负荷加大一倍、停留时间相应缩短、光强、水温 同时减弱和降低时,该系统对TP 和BOD₅的处理效果受到明显影响,对 COD_Cr的处理效果影响 不大,运行条件的改变基本上不影响活性藻系统对TN的处理效果,两种运行条件下,TN的平均 去除率分别为77.62%和77.86%.     

Conversion of the refractory ammonia and acetic acid in catalytic wet air oxidation of animal byproducts

Wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of slaughtered animal byproducts (ABPs) were investigated. Two step experiment was carried out consisting of a non-catalysedWAO run followed by a CWAO run at 170–275°C , 20 MPa, and reaction time 180 min. TheWAO (1st step) of sample (5 g/L total organic carbon (TOC)) yielded (82.0 4)% TOC removal and (78.4 13.2)% conversion of the initial organic-N into NH4 +-N. Four metal catalysts (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) supported over alumina have been tested in catalytic WAO (2nd step) at elevated pH to enhance ammonia conversion and organic matter removal, particularly acetic acid. It was found that the catalysts Ru, Pt, and Rh had significant e ects on the TOC removal (95.1%, 99.5% and 96.7%, respectively) and on the abatement of ammonia (93.4%, 96.7% and 96.3%, respectively) with high nitrogen selectivity. The catalyst Pd was found to have the less activity while Pt had the best performance. The X-Ray di raction analysis showed that the support of catalyst was not stable under the experimental conditions since it reacted with phosphate present in solution. Nitrite and nitrate ions were monitored during the oxidation reaction and it was concluded that CWAO of ammonia in real waste treatment framework was in good agreement with the results obtained from the literature for ideal solutions of ammonia.     

Pretreatment of apramycin wastewater by catalytic wet air oxidation

IntroductionPharmaceuticalindustrybecomesmoreandmoreimportantallovertheworld .InChina ,therearemorethan30 0plantsmanufacturingantibioticproduction .However,theplantsoftenproducealotofwastewatercontaininghighconcentrated,colortoxicorganiccompounds.Ifthepol…     

Fenton法深度处理腈纶废水的特性

研究Fenton法深度处理难降解腈纶废水的影响因素及其优化反应条件,应用紫外和三维荧光光谱探讨腈纶废水生化出水中污染物的去除规律. 研究表明:初始pH由1.5升至6.0时,COD_Cr去除率由20.0%快速升至61.8%后再缓慢降至51.0%;c(Fe2+)由0.8 mmol/L增至10.8 mmol/L时,COD_Cr去除率先由2.5%增至58.0%再缓慢降至55.5%;c(H₂O₂)和反应时间对COD_Cr去除率影响较小. 正交试验极差表明,COD_Cr去除率的影响因素为初始pH>c(Fe2+)>c(H₂O₂)>反应时间,最优条件〔c(Fe2+)为7.20 mmol/L、c(H₂O₂)为0.16 mol/L、初始pH约为3、反应时间为90 min〕下腈纶废水生化出水ρ(COD_Cr)由308 mg/L降至103 mg/L,去除率为66.5%. 紫外和三维荧光光谱显示,腈纶废水生化出水中的类蛋白类物质完全被去除,大部分可见腐殖质类物质以及UV腐殖质类物质也被分解.