褐菖鮋(Sebastiscusmarmoratus)金属硫蛋白的分离提纯及免疫测定

通过Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－７５凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＣＬ－６Ｂ离子交换柱层析，从褐菖Ｙｏｕ肝脏分离金属硫蛋白。经氨基酸组成分析表明：褐菖Ｙｏｕ金属硫蛋白不含环状氨基酸，半胱氨酸含量达３５％，估算分子量为６７００道尔顿。等电聚焦显示两条区带，ＰＩ分别为４．０和４．２。金属硫蛋白经与牛血蛋白交联对兔进行免疫，兔抗血清用ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＡ亲和纯化并标记上辣根过氧化物酶，利用酶联免疫吸附测     

镍对纤维藻毒性作用研究

本文研究了重金属镍对一种淡水绿藻－纤维藻的毒性作用。结果表明：纤维藻对镍毒作用反应敏感。镍对纤维藻的半数有效浓度９６ＥＣ５０为０．３３μｇ／ｍＬ镍，当镍浓度≥０．４μｇ／ｍＬ时，纤维藻的生长受到明显抑制，生长滞期延长，光合作用受阻，细胞膜透性增加。当镍浓度为３．２μｇ／ｍＬ时，其蛋白质氨基酸含量明显下降。     

催化反应－XRF测定痕量碘的研究

基于在稀硫酸介质中，碘对Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）氧化Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的反应，建立催化动力学－Ｘ射线荧光光谱（ＸＲＦ）法测定痕量碘．该法线性范围为０一２μｇ／２０ｍＬ，检测限为０．０２μｇ／２０ｍＬ．     

SO2对妇女呼吸道局部非特异性免疫功能的影响

选择大气飘尘污染轻而ＳＯ２污染程度不同的上海市３个地区，对５０￣５９岁妇女１４７人进行唾液溶菌酶和分泌型ＳＩｇＡ的测定。结果表明，妇女唾液溶菌酶和分泌型ＳＩｇＡ的含量与大气ＳＯ２污染水平呈负相关；大气ＳＯ２浓度升高６０μｇ／ｍ＾３，唾液溶菌酶含量下降约５．５８μｇ／ｍＬ，而ＳＩｇＡ含量下降约３２．３７μｇ／ｍＬ；另外，人均伙食费用越高，则唾液ＳＩｇＡ含量越高，提示人体免疫球蛋白的合成有赖于机体良好     

镍对纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus．sp．）毒性作用研究

本文研究了重金属镍对一种淡水绿藻──纤维藻（Ａｎｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｅｓｍｕｓ．ｓｐ．）的毒性作用．结果表明：纤维藻对镍毒作用反应敏感．镍对纤维藻的半数有效浓度９６ＥＣ５０为０．３３μｇ／ｍＬ镍，当镍浓度≥０．４μｇ／ｍＬ时，纤维藻的生长受到明显抑制，生长滞期延长，光合作用受阻，细胞膜透性增加．当镍浓度为３．２μｇ／ｍＬ时，其蛋白质氨基酸含量明显下降．     

分子扩散法捕集环境中SO2的研究

吸收膜容量研究表明，用１０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）三乙醇胺十丙酮或１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）ＮＯ２ＣＯ３作吸收剂，在１５℃，绝对干燥空气条件下测得两种采样器的感受（α），１＾采样器α１（ＴＥＡ）０．３０４３ＰＰｍ．ｈ．μｇ＾－１（ＳＯ＾２－４），α２（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３）０．２９６３ｐｐｍ．ｈ．μｇ＾－１（ＳＯ＾２－４），２＃采样器α２（ＴＥＡ）０．７８９３ＰＰｍ．ｈ．μｇ＾－１（ＳＯ＾２－４）α２（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３）０．８６６     

东亚地区硫污染物的空间分布特征

利用一个硫沉降模式分析了东亚地区ＳＯ２和ＳＯ４２－浓度的空间分布及其特征．不同天气条件下，ＳＯ２和ＳＯ４２－的浓度不同，高层ＳＯ２和ＳＯ４２－的浓度分别为０４—１０μｇ／ｍ３和０２—０５μｇ／ｍ３；中层为４０—１００μｇ／ｍ３和２０—６０μｇ／ｍ３；近地层为４０—３００μｇ／ｍ３和２０—８０μｇ／ｍ３．分析表明，近地面浓度分布受源的影响比较明显，高层的浓度分布与湿清除过程密切相关，其浓度的低值区与降水区和云区有较好的对应．中层浓度分布体现了源、中层气流及湿清除的共同作用．     

加膜流动注射光度法测定水中微量氨

采取在流动注射体系中加气体扩散膜装置的方法，让水样中的ＮＨ４在ＮａＯＨ载液中转变成ＮＨ３后扩散透过气体分离膜，再在Ｈ２ＳＯ４吸收液中又重新转变成ＮＨ＾＋４，以此在线分离出水样中微量ＮＨ＾＋４后用靛酚蓝光度法测定。结果表明，在５～８０μｇ／ｍＬ和２００～５００μｇ／ｍＬ这２个区间内分别与吸光度呈现良好的线性，其相关系数分别为０．９９４和０．９９８。对５００μｇ／ｍＬ样品１０次测定的ＲＳＤ为１．６％，     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中的氯离子

本文采用流动注射分析（ＦＩＡ）技术．载流中含有Ｈｇ（ＳＣＨ）２和Ｆｅ２＋，注入试样中的氯离子与Ｈｇ（ＳＣＨ），反应，释放出ＳＣＨ－，后者与Ｆｅ２＋形成红色Ｆｅ（ＳＣＨ）给离子，其强度用分光光度法在４８０ｎｍ处测定．记录的吸收峰高度与试样中氯离子浓度成正比．线性范围６．０—１８μｍ／ｍＬＣｌ，检出限达０．１２μｇ／ｍＬＣｌ－．对６．０μｇ／ｍＬＣｌ－连续测定１１次，其ＲＳＤ为３．９％．出样频率为９０样／小时．方法已用于水样中氯离子的测定．     

载体对镍基氨还原SO-2到元素硫催化剂性能的影响

用不同的载体（ＭｇＯ，α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４）制备了４种镍基催化剂并对它们进行了氨还原ＳＯ２到元素硫反应活性评价。活性评价结果表明，由不同的载体制备的催化剂对该反应ＳＯ２的转化率和生成元素硫产率大小的影响次序均为：ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＯ〉ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４〉ＮｉＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３〉ＮｉＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３；而对生成硫选择性大小的影响次序则为：ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＯ〉ＮｉＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.