山东省小清河弥散度的测定及对潜水的污染预测

在对小清河沿岸水文、地质资料分析的基础上,用I131作为示踪剂,进行了潜水水质野外模拟试验,首次求出了小清河纵向弥散度为0.42m,污染物质向潜水扩散的速度约为2.8m/a。      

小清河流域地下水水质状况评价与对策

对滨州市境内小清河流域地下水水质状况进行分析评价.结果表明,滨州市境内小清河流域地下水水质总体较差.在评价滨州市境内小清河流域地下水水质状况的基础上,提出了保护地下水的对策和建议.     

小清河污灌水质有机化合物污染及对地下水影响的研究

对清河７个测点污灌水质、污灌区１７眼地下水井水质有机污染物进行了定性分析和部分样品定量测定，河水和地下水中分别检出９３种和５６种有机污染物，地下水中苯并（ａ）芘、四氯化碳浓度超过我国生活饮用水卫生标准。从河水和地下水检出的有机污染物的种类、浓度、来源、类别、测井分布分析，小清河污灌已造成了沿岸地下水的有机污染，污染程度与污灌强度有关。     

黄龙工业园供水水源地地下水水质现状评价

文章采用模糊综合评判法,以四种模糊算子综合计算,并且结合区域水文地质条件和水化学环境,对黄龙工业园供水水源地地下水水质现状进行了综合评价,结果表明其潜水水质较差,属V类水,承压水水质较好,属Ⅲ类水.根据地下水的污染情况,本文分析了污染原因,并提出了防治措施.     

开原市清河污染现状评价与治理方案选择

开原市内的小清河污染十分严重，治理工作势在必行。本文根据小清河污染现状，技术经济条件，确定了近期水质目标和水体功能采用Ｓｔｒｅｅｔｅｒ－ＰｈｅＬＰｓ稳态模型进行模拟计算，提出多个可行治理方案。对较优方案作了技术经济分析，为城市综合整治和限期治理提供了必要的理论依据。     

清河水库供水对下游河道傍河地下水水质影响评价

应用单项组分评价法和综合评价法对清河干流傍河地下水进行了水质评价,综合分析了清河水库供水对清河干流傍河地下水水质的影响,为科学优化调度水库供水,合理开发利用水库水资源,实现对清河、开原区域水资源的有效利用和管理提供依据。     

小清河口水环境质量评价及主要污染物入海通量研究

根据2010至2015年小清河口区监测数据,系统分析了小清河口水环境质量状况及主要污染物入海通量变化规律。结果表明:小清河口总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）和石油类等污染物浓度超出《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）Ⅲ类水质标准。小清河口综合污染指数均值为16.79,平均污染指数均值为1.53,石油类和COD是小清河口区域主要污染因子,监测期间水环境质量呈好转趋势。小清河年均污染物入海总量约为159766 t,污染物入海量中COD起主导作用。小清河污染源包括点源污染和面源污染,点源污染来自于沿岸入河排污口,面源污染主要来自于农业生产中化学肥料。     

地下水型水源地水质安全预警技术体系研究

地下水型水源地水质安全预警是城镇集中供水的地下水资源保护和管理的重要依据.为了提高地下水型水源地水质安全预警功能,提出了包括基于水质长序列监测预警、基于污染动态模拟预警及基于区域污染风险评价预警的技术体系.其中,基于水质长序列监测的预警是通过因子分析筛选水源地特征污染物,分析水质数据变幅以确定水源地水质的预警级别,可实现针对水源井的开关控制作用;基于污染动态模拟的预警是在水源地外围污染源特征基础上,模拟其动态迁移过程,进而确定其影响水源地水质的预警级别,可实现对水源地水质变化趋势的预判;基于区域污染风险评价的预警着重于水源地受区域污染风险控制与水源地保护区的耦合效应,同时结合其他预警影响因子作用以确定预警级别,可实现对水源地所在区域的宏观管控.该技术在哈尔滨市利民水源地进行了综合应用,结果显示,基于水质长序列监测预警中,COD_Mn及NH₄+的最大变幅指数均在1~2之间,预警级别确定为一级;根据污染动态模拟的结果得知,位于水源地开采井流场上游较高ρ（NH₄+）的范围在迁移20 a后,污染晕前段尚未到达水源地,确定预警级别为零级;基于区域污染风险评价的预警确定水源地所在区域为零级预警区,综合分析可以确定利民水源地地下水水质存在污染风险,应采取相应的管控措施.      

浑河流域地表水地下水水质耦合模拟

以浑河流域为研究区,在现场调查、动态监测和资料分析的基础上,根据浑河流域的具体实际条件,包括水文和水文地质条件,分别建立了浑河流域地表水地下水水流耦合模拟模型及水质耦合模拟模型.模拟对象包括地表水、包气带水和饱水带水.运用HydroGeoSphere（HGS）技术系统对地表水和地下水进行联立并行同步求解.根据浑河流域地表水地下水同步动态监测资料,分别对地表水地下水水流和水质耦合模拟模型进行了校正和检验.之后,根据设定的情景方案,应用所建立的模拟模型对浑河流域地表水地下水未来的水质污染状况进行了预报.结果表明：基于HGS技术系统的地表水地下水水流和水质耦合模拟模型能够刻画流域地表水地下水各自的运动规律以及二者之间的水力联系与相互转换关系.若地表水受到污染（如农田施肥）,不仅会影响到地表水,也会对地下水造成影响,反之亦然.     

孟州地下水水质现状评价

文章以孟州为研究对象,分析了运用F值法和模糊综合评判法在评价地下水水质中所存在的主要问题,提出了以模糊综合评价法为主,结合F值法对地下水水质进行现状评价的方法。依据相关的地下水质量标准对研究区采集的不同监测井的地下水样品进行了评价。孟州地下水达到Ⅲ类水质量标准的监测点位有16个,占总监测点位的42％。水质评价分析表明,远离重污染区或是井深较深的监测点位水质较好,而接近重污染区、靠近污染程度较重的河道以及井深较浅的监测点位水质较差。并且分析了地下水的污染原因。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.