山东某污水处理厂中环型和线型甲基硅氧烷的行为归趋

本文研究了山东某污水处理厂污水及污泥中3种环型甲基硅氧烷(D4—D6,CMS)和12种线型甲基硅氧烷(L5—L16,LMS)的行为归趋.进水中总甲基硅氧烷(∑MS)的浓度为15.7—65.7μg·L~(-1)(平均值:39.2μg·L~(-1)),其中∑LMS占比为98. 2%.进水中∑MS浓度夏季最高(65. 7μg·L~(-1)),其次分别是秋季(41.7μg·L~(-1))、冬季(33.7μg·L~(-1))和春季(15.7μg·L~(-1)).出水中∑MS浓度为6.24—14.3μg·L~(-1)(平均值:10.6μg·L~(-1)),平均去除率为73.0%.污泥中∑MS的浓度为14.1—48.4μg·g~(-1)(平均值:20.3μg·g~(-1)),D4—D6的泥水分配系数(lg Kd)为3.84—4.44,L6—L16的lg Kd为2.24—4.30.此外,通过计算甲基硅氧烷的危险商数(hazard quotients,HQ)评估了其对水生生物的危害,发现污水处理厂出水中目标化合物的潜在危害较低.     

复合自养反硝化材料处理低碳氮比硝酸盐污水

作为一种典型的硝酸盐污水,低碳氮比硝酸盐污水的存在具有广泛性,且对生态环境和居民健康带来的危害日益突出。本研究构建了复合硫自养反硝化(CSAD)体系,基于硫-碳酸钙型复合材料与微生物,进行低碳氮比硝酸盐污水的深度处理,分析了材料投加量、粒径以及进水硝酸盐浓度对CSAD的影响,并探究了硝酸盐去除的动力学行为。结果表明,体系中NO₃^--N去除率为52.7%—99.9%,NO₂^--N在NO₃^--N浓度降低至5 mg·L^-1左右时由积累转变为迅速下降;复合材料投加量较低(1 g·L^-1)时,自养阶段体系内电子供体数量不能满足微生物反硝化需求;增大投加量可提高NO₃^--N去除速率并降低反应过程中NO₂^--N积累量。当粒径大于2.5 mm时,复合材料利用效率显著降低。Michaelis-Menten方程拟合表明,投加量增大提高了酶与底物亲和力,促进V_max增大,粒径减小增大了亲和力,但V_max却减小。进水NO₃^--N浓度增大至50 mg·L^-1时,亲和力显著降低,但V_max增大可能与微生物数量增多有关。本研究从动力学角度上揭示了不同工艺参数对复合材料反硝化过程的影响,同时也为基于复合自养反硝化材料的低碳氮比污水深度处理的实际工程应用提供参考。     

甘肃某县窖水水质分析及健康风险评价

本文以甘肃某县为代表,对区域内冬、夏两季窖水的常规指标、17种全氟化合物和15种邻苯二甲酸酯类进行了检测,对污染来源进行了探讨,并评估了两类新污染物的健康风险.结果表明:该县窖水pH普遍偏高,夏季雨期窖水浊度显著高于冬季.新污染的检测中,共检出13种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)和14种全氟化合物(PFCs).冬季窖水中PAEs总浓度范围为2.65—3.71μg·L^-1,总浓度平均值3.12μg·L^-1.夏季窖水中PAEs总浓度范围为1.85—9.26μg·L^-1,总浓度平均值为4.56μg·L^-1.两季窖水中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯是含量最高的成分,两种物质分别占窖水PAEs总浓度的47.8%和48.5%,窖水中PAEs没有致癌和非致癌风险.冬季窖水中PFCs的总浓度为143.93—246.47 ng·L^-1,夏季为275.90—405.51 ng·L^-1.检测出的PFCs包括全氟羧酸(PFCAs)和全氟磺酸(PFSAs)两大类,PFCAs占窖...     

浙江省典型污水处理厂中氯苯类化合物的赋存特征及风险评估

氯苯类化合物(chlorobenzene,CBs)是一类具有高毒性、难降解和易富集性的有机氯化合物,持续受到广泛关注.污水处理厂在城市水污染控制中发挥着重要作用,然而,目前关于污水处理厂中的CBs研究十分有限,其消减规律与排放特征仍不清楚.本研究系统分析了浙江省两家典型污水处理厂中CBs的赋存特征、去除效率及排放潜在风险.发现CBs在各污水处理厂污水中普遍存在,但污染水平较低,出水中CBs的总浓度范围为17.4—75.1 ng·L^-1,远低于我国相关排放标准.二氯苯是进出水中CBs的主要组成成分,占比49.3%—64.1%.厌氧处理及污泥吸附沉淀对CBs的去除效果相对较好,但现有污水处理工艺对CBs的总体去除效果不佳,部分处理单元还存在CBs含量上升情况.基于环境影响度(ambient severity,AS)和风险熵值(risk quotients,RQs)评估结果表明,所研究污水处理厂排放水中CBs对人体健康以及生态风险较小(AS <1,RQs <0.1).研究结果有助于深入了解CBs在污水处理系统中的环境行为和排放风险,也为优化污水处理工艺、进一...     

典型污水处理厂中多环麝香的污染特征

多环麝香在日常生活中被广泛使用,在生产和使用过程中会经过污水处理系统而进入环境中.研究了日用化妆品生产工厂排放的多环麝香在污水处理系统中污水和污泥的污染特征.在大型日用化妆品生产工厂污水处理厂的污水和污泥中均检测出较高浓度的多环麝香,HHCB和AHTN是两种主要污染物.其中多环麝香在污水处理系统进水中质量浓度范围为4.7(AHMI)～550 μg·L-1(HHCB),出水中质量浓度范围为:低于检测限(AHMI)～32.1μg·L-1(HHCB),污泥(干物质量)中多环麝香的含量范围为1.78(AHMI)～566 mg·kg-1(HHCB).污水处理系统污水中多环麝香的去除效率非常高,达到了90%以上,然而,污泥中却富集了大量的多环麝香,表明污水中的多环麝香很大一部分转移到了污泥中,从而可能成为环境中一种潜在的多环麝香污染源.     

污水厂尾水中消毒副产物对小球藻的生长生理影响

通过检测无锡某污水厂疫情期间排放尾水中消毒副产物的种类和浓度，发现一氯乙酸(CAA)占全年总检出量的30.22%.采用毒性标准实验方法研究CAA对小球藻生长和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明在CAA胁迫下，小球藻生长速率减慢，最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)较空白组出现明显下降，96 h叶绿素a浓度明显降低. CAA对小球藻的96 h半数效应浓度(EC₅₀)为14.734 mg·L^-1.中、低浓度CAA胁迫会诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的上升，减少丙二醛(MDA)含量的积累；而高浓度胁迫下，SOD、CAT活性和GSH含量持续下降，MDA含量先升高再下降.     

高锰酸钾氧化饮用水中醛类嗅味物质的效果及动力学研究

我国北方呼和浩特市以黄河为水源的JH饮用水厂近年来冬季经常有醛类嗅味物质检出,常规处理工艺如混凝、沉淀等对其去除效果有限,需要对其进行其它处理工艺的探究.本文选择高锰酸钾对水厂检出频率和浓度均较高的反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛(tt24hept)、反-2-辛烯醛(t2oa)、反,反-2,4-辛二烯醛(tt24oda)、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛(tt24dda)和β-环柠檬醛(β-cyclo)5种醛类嗅味物质进行氧化控制研究,探究其去除效果、氧化动力学和氧化机理.结果表明,20℃,pH=7时,2 mg·L^-1高锰酸钾氧化5种醛类嗅味物质30 min后,去除率达75%以上.根据动力学分析可知,高锰酸钾氧化5种醛类嗅味物质属于伪二级动力学过程,其伪二级反应速率常数分别为5.25×10⁴、2.66×10⁴、4.50×10⁴、2.71×10⁴、5.37×10³ L·mol^-1·min^-1,醛类嗅味物质结构中含碳碳双键数目越多、...     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中的11种精神活性物质

采用在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱技术,建立了地表水中广泛存在的11种精神活性物质的检测方法.样品经微孔滤膜过滤后,用甲酸调节至pH=3.0,直接进入在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱仪进行分析.样品以Oasis HLB萃取柱净化富集,被流动相反冲出萃取柱后进入UPLC系统,采用Waters ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱分离.上样泵(四元泵)的流动相为纯水和体积分数为0.5%的甲酸乙腈溶液,分析泵(二元泵)的流动相为乙腈和体积分数为0.1%的甲酸水溶液.以电喷雾正离子(ESI+)多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定性定量分析.该方法分析时长13.0 min,11种精神活性物质在0—10 ng·L~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数R~2≥0.9877,检出限≤0.1 ng·L~(-1),6次平行测定峰面积RSD≤10.80%.该方法前处理简单、快速、重现性好,可用于环境水体和饮用水中痕量精神活性物质的测定.将建立的方法应用于北京市城市地表水及污水处理厂采集的水样分析,地表水中未检测到苯丙胺,污水处理厂水样中检测出11种精神活性物质,其中浓度最高的为可替宁,在进水中最高可达到2035.28 ng·L~(-1).     

天津市污水以及再生水处理过程中的雌/孕激素干扰效应（Estrogen and Progesterone Interference Effect of Sewage and Reclaimed Water Treatment Process in Tianjin）

应用重组基因酵母检测了天津市4个污水处理厂以及2个再生水厂13个水样的雌/孕激素干扰效应.其中3个污水处理厂的进水检出了雌激素诱导活性,最高检测值为10.7ngEEQ·L-1;所有水样均未检测出孕激素诱导活性,但都检测出不同程度的孕激素抑制活性,其中检出了雌激素诱导活性的污水处理厂的进水具有相对较强的孕激素抑制活性.4个污水处理厂均不能完全去除孕激素抑制活性物质,去除率在44%～78%之间.微滤和臭氧氧化两种工艺结合对孕激素抑制活性物质的去除效率略优于MBR反应器.2个再生水厂出水加氯后孕激素抑制活性均有所增强.     

离子色谱法同时测定北京市不同区域水体6种阳离子

建立离子色谱法测定不同区域水体Li⁺、Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等6种阳离子的方法，以及验证方法在实际应用的可行性.以ICS1000型离子色谱仪配有DionexIonPac CG12A阳离子保护柱(4 mm×50 mm)和CS 12A阳离子分离柱(4 mm×250 mm),CSRS 300型抑制器(4 mm)，甲基磺酸为淋洗液，流量为1.0 mL·min^-1,6种阳离子的质量浓度在0.01—0.50 mg·L^-1到5.0—100.0mg·L^-1范围内线性较好，相关系数> 0.9995，方法检出限为0.002—0.020mg·L^-1，与有证标准溶液相对误差-2.50%—4.38%(n=6)，不同环境水样加标回收率90.7%—107.5%.利用以上色谱条件分析北京市不同区域地表水阳离子分布特征，结果显示城乡结合部、城区和郊区水体p...     

Characteristic and correlation analysis of influent and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants in Taihu Basin

Poor biodegradability and insufficient carbon source are discovered from influent. Influent indices presented positively normal distribution or skewed distribution. Average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin was as high as 0.458 kWh/m³. Energy consumption increases with the increase in influent volume and COD reduction. The total energy consumption decreases with the NH₃-N reduction. The water quality and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Taihu Basin were evaluated on the basis of the operation data from 204 municipal WWTPs in the basin by using various statistical methods. The influent ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total nitrogen (TN) of WWTPs in Taihu Basin showed normal distribution, whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), suspended solid (SS), and total phosphorus (TP) showed positively skewed distribution. The influent BOD₅/COD was 0.4%–0.6%, only 39.2% SS/BOD₅ exceeded the standard by 36.3%, the average BOD₅/TN was 3.82, and the probability of influent BOD₅/TP>20 was 82.8%. The average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin in 2017 was 0.458 kWh/m³. The specific energy consumption of WWTPs with a daily treatment capacity of more than 5 × 10⁴ m³ in Taihu Basin was stable at 0.33 kWh/m³. A power function relationship was observed between the reduction in COD and NH₃-N and the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction, and the higher the pollutant reduction is, the lower the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction presents. In addition, a linear relationship existed between the energy consumption of WWTPs and the specific energy consumption of influent volume and pollutant reduction. Therefore, upgrading and operation with less energy consumption of WWTPs is imperative and the suggestions for Taihu WWTPs based on stringent discharge standard are proposed in detail.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼血清中的精神活性物质

本文建立了一种同时测定鱼血清中19种精神活性物质的分析方法。该方法基于QuEChERS方法对样品进行提取和净化,待测物采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)进行分析,检测的19种精神活性物质均采用同位素内标法定量。该方法的方法检测限(MDL)范围为0.02—0.06 ng·mL^-1,基质效应处于76.7%—127.7%之间,相对回收率处于81.1%—123.9%之间,方法相对标准偏差均≥18.0%。该方法成功应用于对鲫鱼血清中19种精神活性物质的残留检测。     

Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation

● EE2 photodegradation behavior in the presence of four WWTPs’ DOM was explored. ● The ³DOM* played a major role in the EE2 photodegradation mediated by WWTPs’ DOM. ● The A²/O process DOM contained more aromatic and oxygen-containing substances. ● Possible photosensitivity sources of DOM in the A²/O process were proposed. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains abundant photosensitive substances, which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Nevertheless, information about EE2 photodegradation behavior mediated by DOM from diverse WWTPs and the photosensitivity sources of such DOM are inadequate. This study explored the photodegradation behavior of EE2 mediated by four typical WWTPs’ DOM solutions and investigated the photosensitivity sources of DOM in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A²/O) process. The parallel factor analysis identified three varying fluorescing components of these DOM, tryptophan-like substances or protein-like substances, microbial humus-like substances, and humic-like components. The photodegradation rate constants of EE2 were positively associated with the humification degree of DOM (P < 0.05). The triplet state substances were responsible for the degradation of EE2. DOM extracted from the A²/O process, especially in the secondary treatment process had the fastest EE2 photodegradation rate compared to that of the other three processes. Four types of components (water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), extracellular polymeric substance, humic acid, and fulvic acid) were separated from the A²/O process DOM. WSOM had the highest promotion effect on EE2 photodegradation. Fulvic acid-like components and humic acid-like organic compounds in WSOM were speculated to be important photosensitivity substances that can generate triplet state substances. This research explored the physicochemical properties and photosensitive sources of DOM in WWTPs, and explained the fate of estrogens photodegradation in natural waters.     

Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), ammonia (NH₃) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L^-1 for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L^-1 for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L^-1 for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD₅ effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L^-1, and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L^-1. The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.     

Performance of an ANAMMOX reactor treating wastewater generated by antibiotic and starch production processes

A pilot-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was used to treat mixed wastewater resulting from a chlortetracycline and starch production process. The results, collected over the course of 272 days, show that the ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite, pH, and temperature can all affect the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite was maintained at about 1:1 at a concentration below 200 mg·L^-1 for both influent ammonium and nitrite. The total nitrogen (TN) loading rate was 0.15–0.30 kgN·m^-3·d^-1, pH remained at 7.8–8.5, and temperature was recorded at 33±1°C. The rate of removal of ammonia, nitrite, and TN were over 90%, 90%, and 80%, and the effluent ammonium, nitrite and TN concentrations were below 50, 30, and 100 mg·L^-1.     

天津市夏季PM2.5中碳组分时空变化特征及来源解析

为研究天津市夏季PM_2.5中碳组分的时空变化特征及来源,于2019年7—8月设立2个点位分昼夜采集天津市PM_2.5样品,并测定了其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的含量。结果表明,城区PM_2.5、OC和EC浓度日均值分别为(53.4±20.8)μg·m^-3、(8.72±2.56)μg·m^-3和(1.67±0.90)μg·m^-3,郊区PM_2.5、OC和EC浓度日均值分别为(54.2±24.5)μg·m^-3、(7.54±2.50)μg·m^-3和(1.82±1.06)μg·m^-3;白天PM_2.5、OC、EC的平均浓度分别为(47.3±16.1)μg·m^-3、(8.7±2.1)μg·m^-3和(1.5±0.6)μg·m^-3,夜间PM_2.5、OC、EC的平均浓度分别为(60.2±26.2)μg·m^-3、(7.5±2.9)μg·m^-3和(2.0±1.2)μg·m^-3。OC浓度表现为城区高于郊区,白天高于夜间;EC及PM_2.5浓度表现为郊区高于城区,夜间高于白天。OC/EC比值分析得,城区(6.04)高于郊区(5.08);白天(6.58)高于夜间(4.54)。城区OC与EC相关性弱于郊区,白天OC与EC相关性弱于夜间。采用EC示踪法与MRS模型对SOC含量进行估算,得到白天与夜间SOC浓度分别为(5.71±1.35)μg·m^-3和(3.81±1.20)μg·m^-3,白天SOC污染比夜间严重。丰度分析与主成分分析的结果表明,天津市夏季城郊区PM_2.5中碳组分均主要来源于燃煤和机动车尾气排放。     

Reduction of hexavalent chromium with scrap iron in a fixed bed reactor

The reduction of hexavalent chromium by scrap iron was investigated in continuous long-term fixed bed system. The effects of pH, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and initial Cr(VI) concentration on Cr(VI) reduction were studied. The results showed that the pH, EBCT, and initial Cr(VI) concentration significantly affected the reduction capacity of scrap iron. The reduction capacity of scrap iron were 4.56, 1.51, and 0.57 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at pH 3, 5, and 7 (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L^-1, EBCT 2 min, and temperature 25°C), 0.51, 1.51, and 2.85 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at EBCTs of 0.5, 2.0, and 6.0 min (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L^-1, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), and 2.99, 1.51, and 1.01 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at influent concentrations of 1, 4, and 8 mg·L^-1 (EBCT 2 min, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), respectively. Fe(total) concentration in the column effluent continuously decreased in time, due to a decrease in time of the iron corrosion rate. The fixed bed reactor can be readily used for the treatment of drinking water containing low amounts of Cr(VI) ions, although the hardness and humic acid in water may shorten the lifetime of the reactor, the reduction capacity of scrap iron still achieved 1.98 mg Cr⁶⁺·g^-1 Fe. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersion spectrometer and X-ray diffraction were conducted to examine the surface species of the scrap iron before and after its use. In addition to iron oxides and hydroxide species, iron-chromium complex was also observed on the reacted scrap iron.     

Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in advanced wastewater treatment facilities and receiving rivers in Beijing,China

The occurrence and removal of 13 antibiotics were investigated in five wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） with advanced wastewater treatment processes in Beijing, China. Most of the target antibiotics were detected in the secondary and tertiary effluents, with the concentrations of 4.8-1106.0 and 0.3-505.0ng·L^-1. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics showed relatively high concentrations in all samples （782-1814ng·L^-1）. Different tertiary treatment processes showed discrepant antibiotics removal performances. Ozonation process was found more effective in removing target antibiotics compared to the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation process and sand filtration process. Investigation of the target antibiotics in three typical urban rivers in Beijing was carried out to understand antibiotics occurrence in surface water environment. Eight antibiotics were detected in the studied rivers, with highest concentration of antibiotics in the fiver which was mainly replenished by reclaimed water. This study showed the necessity of employing more effective advanced treatment facilities to further reduce the discharge amount of antibiotics.     

上海市公园绿地常见落叶树木叶片汞浓度时空特征及环境意义

植物叶片汞浓度与大气气态单质汞(GEM/Hg0)浓度的线性关系表明叶片汞浓度大小可用于指示植物生长区内GEM浓度的高低水平.通过分析上海市绿地公园(25座)中常见落叶树木樱花、水杉、法桐叶片汞浓度的时空变化特征,探究区域内GEM含量水平及分布特征.2017年5—10月对7座公园中这3种树木叶汞浓度进行连续监测,结果显示叶汞浓度与叶片生长时间呈显著线性正相关关系(P<0.01),表明叶片在生长期内不断吸收累积大气汞.而且在生长期内,3种树木叶汞浓度日累积速率(g·kg^-1·d^-1)具有相似的变化趋势,意味着不同树木叶汞的累积对外界环境的响应可能是一致的,除树种差异外.同年11月初,25座公园(包含上述7座)中樱花、水杉、法桐衰老叶片叶汞浓度为(54.2±12,31.8—76.7)μg·kg^-1、(42.0±9,23.5—67.9)μg·kg^-1、(36.1±11,21.4—60.3)μg·kg^-1(平均值,范围),有显著的种间差异(P<0.01),而在中心城区和郊区间无显著差异(P>0.05).空间插值分析结果初步表明衰老叶片叶汞浓度的空间梯度差异不大,且高值区域没有完全重合.这表明了利用衰老叶片叶汞浓度反映区域GEM浓度整体水平空间分布规律存在一定的不确定性,仍需进一步深入研究.     

辽宁西南典型城市冬季大气细颗粒物水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源解析

本研究于2018年12月3日—2019年1月1日在辽宁省西南典型城市葫芦岛市和朝阳市分别布设3个城区采样点,在区域传输点龙屯水库布设1个采样点,采集大气细颗粒物PM_2.5样品(n=201)。使用离子色谱检测样品中的Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、K⁺、NH₄⁺、SO₄^2-、F^-、Cl^-和 NO₃^-的质量浓度。观测期间PM_2.5的平均浓度为葫芦岛市(54.25±26.14)μg·m^-3>朝阳市(45.38±20.64)μg·m^-3>区域背景点龙屯水库(33.73±21.64)μg·m^-3。水溶性无机离子是PM_2.5中的主要成分,朝阳市、葫芦岛市和龙屯水库中的水溶性离子分别占PM_2.5质量浓度的49%,52%和49%。其中NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-是PM_2.5中最主要的水溶性离子.葫芦岛市和朝阳市的SOR(硫氧化率)、NOR(氮氧化率)值均大于0.1,说明两个城市存在明显的气溶胶二次转化过程。在不同污染状况下,朝阳市污染天中F^-、NH₄⁺、Cl^-和K⁺均为清洁天的2.5倍左右,葫芦岛市污染天中NH₄⁺、SO₄^2-和NO₃^-均为清洁天的3倍左右。朝阳市和葫芦岛市污染天SOR分别为0.13和0.18,分别为清洁天的0.76倍和1.5倍;NOR值分别为0.17和0.23,分别是清洁天的1.13倍和1.91倍,除朝阳市SOR外,污染天的SOR和NOR均大于清洁天,表明污染天中SO₂和NO₂向SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的二次转化增强。主成分分析结果表明,葫芦岛市和朝阳市PM_2.5的主要污染源来自于二次转化和燃煤、生物质燃烧;龙屯水库的主要污染源来自于二次转化。后向轨迹说明气团主要由内蒙古、俄罗斯及蒙古国传输至辽宁省。