泥炭和褐煤对Zn^2＋,Cu^2＋,Pb^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特征

利用天然有机吸附剂泥炭和褐煤对重金属离子Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究。对吸附模型，吸附时间，不同吸附剂投放量，金属离子种类等给予表征，基本符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温线。     

龙口褐煤对Ni^2＋,Mn^2＋,Hg^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特性

本文以龙口褐煤作吸附剂,对重金属离子Ｎｉ＾２,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂的吸附性能,影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明：褐煤对Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的吸附均表现出Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ特征,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的一个重要因素。     

水杨醛改性壳聚糖对金属离子的吸附性能

研究了以水杨醛改性的壳聚糖及其衍生物对Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋的静态吸附性能，结果表明，该类吸附剂对Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋具有良了的吸附性能，其吸附量可分别达４５５．２和１０５．５ｍｇ·ｇ＾－１，并能在Ｃｏ＾２＋存在下选择吸附Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋。     

经过水泥固化的重金属废物的穿透渗漏实验

采用穿透渗漏实验方法研究了经水泥固化的重金属废物的长期渗漏行为。用由Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋和Ｃｒ＾６＋５种重金属组成的合成废物样品进行２组实验。实验研究了渗漏实验液流速、ＰＨ的变化和金属渗漏能力对固体废物长期渗漏行为的影响。     

黄棕壤和红壤吸附磷酸根后对Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋次级吸附的动力学

本文用流动法考察湖北省黄棕壤和湖南省红壤吸附磷酸根后，对Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋次级吸附的动力学。结果表明，Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋的次级吸附动力学可用一级议程拟合。初级吸附的磷酸根可造成黄棕壤对Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋次级吸附的速率下降；而红壤对Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋次级吸附的快反应速率下降，慢反应速率加大。Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋浓度增高可加快次级吸附反应速率；升高温度也可增快次级吸附速率。扩散作用对     

PACS的结构特征及絮凝性能研究

制备了碱化度及Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比不同的系列ＰＡＣＳ，分别进行常压（干燥温度１０５℃）及真空干燥（真空度为－０．０９８ＭＰａ、干燥温度６５℃）制备固体产品。用红外光谱及Ｘ－射线衍射谱研究了碱化度、Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比、干燥温度对ＰＡＣＳ的结构影响，比较了干燥温度不同对ＰＡＣＳ固体样品的溶解度及絮凝效果的影响，借助于显微电泳测定技术研究不同碱化度及不同Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔     

菜园土壤铜吸附—解吸特性的研究

研究了菜园土壤铜的吸附－解吸特性。结果表明，３种菜园土壤吸附Ｃｕ＾２＋的量均随平衡液中Ｃｕ＾２＋浓度的增加而增大，可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程和Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ方程来描述，由Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程求得的菜园土壤对Ｃｕ＾２＋的最大吸附量和最大缓冲容量的大小顺序为：黄松土〉江涂土〉粉泥土，菜园土壤对Ｃｕ＾２＋的解吸量和解吸率均随其吸附量的增加而增加，吸附量与解吸量之间呈显著或极显著线性正相关。     

可变电荷土壤和矿物表面Cu^2＋吸附过程中H^＋释放动力学

本文以硝酸根离子选择电极为参比电极,低阻ｐＨ玻璃电极为指示电极,研究了红壤和高岭石体系Ｃｕ＾２＋吸附过程中ｐＨ的变化情况,并通过红壤和高岭石的酸碱滴定曲线求得了不同反应时间Ｈ＾＋释放的绝对量,即Ｈ＾＋释放动力学。结果表明,Ｃｕ＾２＋吸附过程中Ｈ＋释放大部分在反应刚开始时进行,反应进行５ｍｉｎ后,两种Ｃｕ＾２＋起始反应浓度的高岭石和红壤体系Ｈ＋分别释放了９２％和８２％以上。Ｃｕ＾２＋起始反应浓度愈大     

镍（Ⅱ）模板一缩二乙二醇双缩水甘油醚交联壳聚糖的合成及其吸附特性

以镍离子为模板剂，合成一缩二乙二西文缩水甘油醚交联的壳聚糖树脂，并研究了该类树脂对金属离子的静态吸附性能。结果表明，以模板法合成的吸附剂比非模板合成的吸附剂具有更高的吸附能力，其对Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋的吸附量分别达２．５２，２．１０，１．３９ｍｍｏｌ．ｇ＾－１。     

Al—Ferron逐时络合比色法研究PACS中铝的水解聚合形态

制备了碱化度及不同Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２＝４摩尔比的系列ＰＡＣＳ，用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法研究了铝的形态分布，考察了碱化度，Ａｌ＾３＝／ＳＯ＾２＝４摩尔比，稀释作用及ｐＨ值对铝的形态分布的影响。     

Suitability of various chemically prepared activated carbons for the removal of copper(II) ions

Studies on the suitability of various chemically prepared activated carbons (CPACs) like straw carbon (SC), sawdust carbon (SDC), dates nut carbon (DNC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC) for the removal of copper(II) ions by adsorption from simulated wastewater have been carried out under batch mode at 30?±?1°C and the results are compared. The percentage removal of Cu(II) ions increased with a decrease in initial concentration, particle size and added electrolytes (ionic strength) and increased with an increase in contact time, dose of adsorbent and initial pH of the solution. The adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The applicability of the first order kinetic equation viz. Lagergren equation was tested by correlation analysis. The adsorption process is concluded to be a spontaneous, first order reaction, occurring with increased randomness at the solid–liquid interface. Studies on the desorption of Cu²⁺-loaded activated carbons (ACs) were carried out with nitric acid (0.2–1?N). The possibility of reuse of the regenerated ACs in cycle (in cue-one after another) was tested. SC was found to be a suitable adsorbent alternative to CAC among CPACs for the removal of metal ions, in general, and Cu²⁺ ions, in particular.     

改性活性炭的表面特性及其对金属离子的吸附性能

本文主要研究了改性对活性炭的表面物理化学特征和对其吸附金属离子性能的影响。研究发现，硝酸氧化可显著增加活性炭表面酸性基团的含量，提高活性炭的表面亲水性，降低pHpzc值，并造成活性炭的结构塌陷和比表面积的减少，因而对活性炭吸附性能产生明显影响，可明显提高对Pb^2 等金属离子的吸附容量。     

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from Cicer arietinum

Removal of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from stems and seed hulls of Cicer arietinum, an agricultural solid waste, has been studied. The influence of various parameters, such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of metal ions on removal was evaluated. The activated carbon was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. Sorption isotherms were studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. All experimental sorption data were fitted to the sorption models using nonlinear least-squares regression. The maximum adsorption capacity values for activated carbon prepared from Cicer arietinum waste for metal ions were 18 mg g^?1 (Cu²⁺), 18 mg g^?1 (Cd²⁺), 20 mg g^?1 (Pb²⁺), and 20 mg g^?1 (Zn²⁺), respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model fit was best, followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Desorption studies were carried out with dilute hydrochloric acid for quantitative recovery of the metal ions and for regeneration of the adsorbent.     

Removal of Eu3+, Ce3+, Sr2+, and Cs+ ions from radioactive waste solutions by modified activated carbon prepared from coconut shells

As a biomass agricultural waste material, coconut shells were used for the preparation of high-quality modified activated carbon. Chemical modification of the surface of the prepared activated carbon is done by oxidation using H₂O₂ and HNO₃, respectively. The surface area and pore volume of the coconut shells activated carbon are increased by the chemical modification, and followingly the removal of the metals is improved. The structural morphology and composition of the modified activated carbon coconut shells (MACCS) were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis (SAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) elemental analysis. The prepared MACCS has reasonably good chemical stability. The influence of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, initial metal concentrations, and interfering ions on the adsorption performance of the investigated ions onto the prepared sorbent was examined by a batch method. The selectivity sequence for sorption of Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺, Sr²⁺, and Cs⁺ ions on MACCS was found to be Eu^3+?>?Ce^3+?>?Sr^2+?>?Cs⁺. The saturation capacities of MACCS for the studied metal ions were found to be 136.84, 85.55, 69.85, and 60.00?mg?g^?1 for Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺, Sr²⁺, and Cs⁺ ions, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were also evaluated.     

硝化褐煤对铬离子溶液的吸附研究

利用硝酸与龙口褐煤反应制得硝化褐煤，使其有效吸附质腐植酸含量提高。用该湖化褐煤对铬离子进行吸附试验，研究吸附剂的吸附量、吸附动力学、吸附模型和溶液的pH值对吸附的影响。结果表明：硝化褐煤对铬离子具有良好的吸附特性，其静态等温吸附符合Langmuir等温议程。     

Comparing the adsorption behaviors of Cd,Cu and Pb from water onto Fe-Mn binary oxide,MnO2 and FeOOH

The adsorption potential of FMBO, FeOOH, MnO₂ for the removal of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in aqueous systems was investigated in this study. Comparing to FMBO and FeOOH, MnO₂ offered a much higher removal capacity towards the three metal ions. The maximal adsorption capacity of MnO₂ for Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were 1.23, 2.25 and 2.60 mmol·g^-1, respectively. And that for FMBO were 0.37, 1.13, and 1.18 mmol·g^-1 and for FeOOH were 0.11, 0.86 and 0.48 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The adsorption behaviors of the three metal ions on the three adsorbents were all significantly affected by pH values and heavy metal removal efficiency increased with pH increased. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium of the three metal ions onto the three adsorbents. Results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and this indicated that adsorption of metal ions occurred on the three metal oxides adsorbents limited to the formation of a monolayer. More negative charged of MnO₂ surface than that of FMBO and FeOOH could be ascribed by lower pH_iep of MnO₂ than that of FMBO and FeOOH and this could contribute to more binding sites on MnO₂ surface than that of FMBO and FeOOH. The higher metal ions uptake by MnO₂ than FMBO and FeOOH could be well explained by the surface charge mechanism.     

Ⅱ.尾矿砂对重金属的吸附作用

本文研究了尾矿砂颗粒对Cu,pb,Cd三种重金属离子的吸附作用,以及各种环境条件因素对颗粒表面吸附作用的影响。实验结果表明,细微尾矿砂颗粒对溶液中的重金属离子具有较强烈的吸附作用,并且强烈地依赖于溶液的pH。根据表面络合反应,对尾矿砂颗粒表面基团可能参与的表面络合反应和吸附的重金属形态进行了讨论,并应用简化络合反应模式,求取了尾矿砂颗粒与Cu,Pb,Cd的表面络合形成的条件稳定常数pK_(ad)。     

Biosorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions by pretreated Cladosporium sp

In this paper, adsorption properties of a pretreated of Cladosporium sp. for Cu2 were studied. The fungi pretreated with some chemical reagents exhibited higher Cu2+ removal capacities than native biomass. The optimum chemical reagent was 0.2M NaOH. After 0.2M NaOH pretreatment, optimum conditions of biosorption were found to be pH 5.0, temperature 35 degrees C, and stirring speed of 100rpm. Equilibrium isotherms were obtained from adsorption experiments and the biosorption maximun capacity obtained was at 28.31mg/g. The biosorbed metal ions were effectively eluted by 0.05M HNO3 solution. After eluting, the biosorbed metal ions biomass was regenerated by washing with deionized water and then contacted with a solution containing 0. 1M of Ca2+, Mg2+ ions before further adsorption tests. The pretreated fungi biomass could be used for three cycles: biosorption, elution of biosorbed ion, regeneration of biomass.