Diurnal photosynthesis, water use efficiency and light use efficiency of wheat under Mediterranean field conditions

Photosynthesis and transpiration rates of wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum L.) were measured at 30 min intervals under Mediterranean field conditions, using Photosynthesis Monitor system (PM-48M). The dynamics of net photosynthetic rate (P(N)), transpiration rate (E(T)), water use efficiency (WUE), light use efficiency (LUE), stomatal conductance (g(s)), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and atmospheric CO2 concentration (Catm) were quantified at five rainfed wheat sites with the same stages of development (midflowering) along south-to-north and east-to-west transects for eight days in April. Diurnal P(N) (3.6 to 6.6 micromol m(-2) s(-1)), PAR (392 to 564 micromol m2 sec(-1)), LUE (0.006 to 0.015) and WUE (0.0001 to 0.011) did not vary significantly across all five wheat sites (p > 0.05). P(N) and E(T) were strongly coupled and highly correlated with PAR (p < 0.001). Best multiple linear regression (MLR) models accounted for 92% of variations in P(N) as a function of PAR and E(T), and 90% in E(T) as a function of PAR and RH (p < 0.001). P(N) exhibited a peak at mid-morning, and a photosynthetic midday depression under the limiting effects of high evaporative demand. Diurnal variations in WUE and LUE showed a bimodal behavior with the maximum values in early morning and late afternoon. As the impacts of global climate change become increasingly felt, continuous measurements of climate-crop-soil-managementinteractions under natural conditions play a pivotal role not only in exploring changes in ecophysiological properties of strategic crops for food security such as wheat but also in devising preventive and mitigative management practices to ensure sustained agricultural productivity.     

Drought induced changes in growth, leaf gas exchange and biomass production in Albizia lebbeck and Cassia siamea seedlings

Diurnal trends in net photosynthesis rate (P(N)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass were compared in six-month-old seedlings of Albizia lebbeck and Cassia siamea, under different levels of drought stress. The potted plants were subjected to four varying drought treatment by withholding watering for 7 (D1), 14(D2) and 25 (D3) days. The fourth group (C) was watered daily and treated as unstressed (control). Species differed significantly (p < 0.001) in their physiological performance under varying stress conditions. Higher P(N) of 11.6 +/- 0.05 in control followed by 4.35 +/- 0.4 in D1 and 2.83 +/- 0.18 micromol m(-2) s(-1) in D2 was observed in A. lebbeck. A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in P(N) was observed in C. siamea (C 7.65 +/- 0.5 micromol m(-2) s(-1), D1, 2.56 +/- 0.33 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and D2, 1.4 +/- 0.01 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) at 9 hr. A positive correlation was seen between P(N) and g(s) (A. lebbeck, r2 = 0.84; C. siamea, r2 = 0.82). Higher WUE was observed in C. siamea (D2, 7.1 +/- 0.18 micromol m(-2) s(-1); D3, 8.39 +/- 0.11 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) than A. lebbeck, (control, 7.58 +/- 0.3 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and D3, 8.12 +/- 0.15 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). The chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC) was more in A. lebbeck than C. siamea. Maximum biomass was produced by A. lebbeckthan C. siamea. From the study, one could conclude that A. lebbeckis better than C. siamea in adopting suitable resource management strategy and be best suited for the plantation programs in the semi-arid dry lands.     

濒危植物长序榆（Ulmus elongata）幼苗光合特性的初步研究

用Li-6400XT便携式光合作用仪对一年生和当年生濒危植物长序榆幼苗的光合日变化进行了观测,为科学保护提供理论依据和技术途径。结果发现,一年生和当年生长序榆幼苗的光合日变化均为单峰曲线,无＂午休＂现象。当年生的平均净光合累积量（5.64μmol.m-2.s-1）大于一年生的净光合累计量（5.05μmol.m-2.s-1）。胞间二氧化碳（Ci）浓度与光合日变化基本上是相反的。气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）没有明显的变化规律。光能利用率（LUE）中午12？00最低,水分利用率（WUE）13？00最高。一年生和当年生的光饱和点（LSP）分别为1 620.75μmol.m-2.s-1和1 123.07μmol.m-2.s-1,二者的光补偿点（LCP）均较低,分别为8.33μmol.m-2.s-1和8.89μmol.m-2.s-1,即长序榆幼苗是一光适应幅度较大的植物。偏相关分析表明光合有效辐射（PAR）和大气温度（Ta）是决定其净光合速率的主要环境因子。     

Growth variation of Paulownia Sieb. and Zucc. species and origins at the nursery stage in Kastamonu-Turkey

The present study was carried out on Paulownia tomentosa (6), Paulownia elongate (4), Paulownia fortunei (5) and Paulownia fortunei x tomentosa (1) origins at Kastamonu Forest Nursery. The seedling height growth (SH), root collar diameter (RCD), dry root percentage (DRP) and seedling percentage (SP) of one-year old seedlings of the origins were studied for comparing growth performance of the species and origins and discussing for guidance to field stage based on nursery stage. As a result, P. tomentosa x fortunei hybrid has the highest SH (72.62 cm) among the used species. Significant difference was determined among the origins as to the SH and DRP. The maximum SH were determined for P. tomentosa Beijing-Daxin (81.32 cm) and P. elongata Beijing-Daxin (80.76 cm) origins. The maximum DRP were determined for P. tomentosa Anhui-Tongling (77%) origin. There were no significant differences based on RCD and SP among the species and the origins. Among the parents, there were important diversities for SH and RCD. As a final remark, observations and evaluations of the Paulownia studies should be included with the clonal variation for further studies because of the observed growth variations within the population.     

拉瑞尔Larrea tridentata光合特性对CO2摩尔分数和干旱的响应

利用Li-6400光合测定系统测定拉瑞尔L.tridentata的光合生理特性及其对CO2摩尔分数升高和干旱的响应。结果表明：土壤水势在-0.884 5 MPa以上,L.tridentata的光合器没有任何损害,抵御干旱的能力很强;适当的增加CO2摩尔分数有利于提高光饱和点、光量子利用效率和最大净光合速率,且CO2摩尔分数升高的正效应要大于土壤水分胁迫的负效应,因而在一定程度上CO2摩尔分数的增加,提高了L.tridentata的抗旱能力;随着光合有效辐射的增强和CO2摩尔分数的升高,叶片净光合速率、CO2饱和点和羧化速率都有增大趋势,叶片对高摩尔分数CO2利用效率提高;不同土壤水分条件下,叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率都随着CO2摩尔分数的升高而降低,水分利用效率随着CO2摩尔分数的升高而升高;既能饱和叶片的RubisCO,又不至于造成气孔大量关闭的CO2摩尔分数在700~800μmol.mol-1左右,说明目前的CO2摩尔分数还不足以饱和拉瑞尔的RubisCO酶。未来CO2摩尔分数升高,将对拉瑞尔的光合作用有所促进,并可能提高拉瑞尔对干旱的适应能力。     

铜胁迫对高丹草和紫花苜蓿生长和光合特性的影响

以高丹草（Sorghum×S.sudanes）和紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）为试验材料,通过水培试验,研究了不同浓度Cu处理对两种牧草生长及光合特性的影响。试验结果显示,随着Cu处理浓度增加,两种牧草叶、茎、根生物量逐渐下降,并在100μmol.L-1 Cu2＋处理后达到显著水平。Cu胁迫导致两种牧草气孔导度、RuBP羧化酶的最大羧化效率、最大电子传递速率调控的RuBP再生的潜在速率和磷酸丙糖利用中有机磷的释放速率、以及叶绿素质量分数降低,最终导致净光合速率降低。Cu胁迫下,两种牧草二氧化碳饱和点和二氧化碳饱和点净光合速率降低,而二氧化碳补偿点却升高。另外,Cu处理还降低了两种牧草的蒸腾速率和日间呼吸速率。且在光合、蒸腾和呼吸作用参数的变化幅度上高丹草要大于紫花苜蓿。这些结果表明Cu胁迫抑制了两种牧草的生长、光合作用、蒸腾作用和呼吸作用,而且对高丹草的抑制作用要强于紫花苜蓿;Cu胁迫下光合作用的下降不仅与气孔导度的下降相关,而且与光反应和暗反应的受阻有关。这些研究结果可为筛选和培育耐Cu和富集Cu的牧草品种和用牧草修复铜污染水体及土壤提供依据。     

垃圾填埋场周边枝树光合生理特性研究

为了解垃圾填埋场环境下植物的光合适应性,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,以呼马山森林公园为对照,对位于昆明市东郊垃圾填埋场和对照区的直杆桉Eucalyptusmaideni进行了光响应与光合日进程的测定。结果表明：填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后稍有下降并趋于稳定,光抑制不明显;对照的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后缓慢下降;在相同光照强度下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率始终高于呼马山对照的,说明直杆桉可通过提高自身的光合能力和蒸腾速率来适应填埋场的特定环境。胞间CO2浓度随光强的增加先下降后上升,与净光合速率大体呈相反变化;蒸腾速率随光强变化的趋势与气孔导度变化相一致。另外,填埋场直杆桉净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线,无明显“午休”现象,其变化趋势与蒸腾速率、气孔导度的大体相同。对照的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率与填埋场的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度较少。在自然条件下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率和蒸腾速率仍明显高于呼马山对照的。     

盐碱地施用脱硫石膏对土壤养分及油葵光合特性的影响

通过分析宁夏平罗西大滩不同改良年份盐碱地土壤养分含量,测定油葵(Helianthus annuus)光合日变化曲线、光响应曲线和油葵产量,研究了施用脱硫石膏对盐碱地土壤改良及油葵光合特性的影响.结果表明,在盐碱土壤上施用燃煤电厂脱硫石膏后,土壤电导率、pH值随土壤改良年限增加而逐年下降,土壤有机质含量、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾则逐年上升.随着土壤改良年限增加,油葵叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度均明显下降,气孔限制值和水分利用效率也明显下降(P<0.01).同时,随着改良年限增加,油葵叶片暗呼吸速率、光饱和点和最大净光合速率增加,而光补偿点降低.施用脱硫石膏后油葵盘径、百粒重和产量随土壤改良年限增加也显著提高(P<0.05).因此,施用燃煤电厂脱硫石膏能够显著地改良盐碱地土壤、提高油葵叶片光合能力,从而促进作物生长、提高作物产量.图2表3参29     

垃圾填埋场周边桉树光合生理特性研究

为了解垃圾填埋场环境下植物的光合适应性,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,以呼马山森林公园为对照,对位于昆明市东郊垃圾填埋场和对照区的直杆桉Eucalyptus maideni进行了光响应与光合日进程的测定。结果表明:填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后稍有下降并趋于稳定,光抑制不明显;对照的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后缓慢下降;在相同光照强度下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率始终高于呼马山对照的,说明直杆桉可通过提高自身的光合能力和蒸腾速率来适应填埋场的特定环境。胞间CO2浓度随光强的增加先下降后上升,与净光合速率大体呈相反变化;蒸腾速率随光强变化的趋势与气孔导度变化相一致。另外,填埋场直杆桉净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线,无明显"午休"现象,其变化趋势与蒸腾速率、气孔导度的大体相同。对照的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率与填埋场的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度较少。在自然条件下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率和蒸腾速率仍明显高于呼马山对照的。     

镉胁迫下铵态氮对春小麦光合生理特性的影响

为了研究铵态氮肥在缓解镉毒害对植物影响方面的作用,减少镉的危害,试验采用盆栽方法模拟镉污染农田,以辽春10号小麦Triticum aestivum为试材,无氮无镉的处理（H0）作为对照,设置5个铵态氮施用水平,即0（CH0）、75（CH1）、150（CH2）、225（CH3）和300（CH4）kg·hm-2,研究不同施氮量下铵态氮肥对小麦光合生理特性的影响。结果表明：与无氮无镉处理相比,无氮镉胁迫处理极显著地（P〈0.01）抑制了小麦叶片净光合速率（Pn）、叶片气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2体积分数（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和Hill反应活力,但对小麦叶绿素含量和叶绿体Ca2＋/Mg2＋-ATPase活性的抑制作用不显著（P〉0.05）;小麦叶片Gs,Ci和Tr随着施氮量增加逐渐升高,而小麦叶片Pn、叶绿素含量、Hill反应活力和叶绿体Ca2＋/Mg2＋-ATPase活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,从净光合速率角度看,225 kg·hm-2施氮水平（CH3）氮的解毒作用最佳。     

城市土壤压实对树木叶片叶绿素及光合生理特性的影响

由于机械碾压、人为践踏等原因,城市土壤压实严重。由于压实,土壤物理性状发生改变:土壤容重增大、孔隙度降低及结构性变差等。这些改变影响土壤性质的同时影响树木的生长。以乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis、深山含笑Michelia maudiae和大叶冬青Ilexlatifola为实验材料,参照南京市土壤压实现状模拟不同程度的土壤压实环境,研究了土壤压实下乐昌含笑、深山含笑和大叶冬青3种幼树叶片叶绿素含量、光合生理特性等的变化情况。采用乙醇萃取法测定树木叶片叶绿素含量,用美国Li-COR公司生产的Li-6400光合仪测定树木叶片光合生理特性,测定参数包括净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)等。并分析树木叶绿素含量在不同土壤压实环境下变化差异性,及各光合生理参数之间相关性。结果表明,随着压实强度的增强,3种树种叶绿素含量逐渐降低;与对照相比,不同压实处理下,叶片叶绿素含量均不同程度下降,且在重度压实下各树种叶片叶绿素含量降低幅度均最大,分别达到41.87%、29.36%及27.66%;方差分析表明,各土壤压实处理下叶绿素含量与对照之间存在显著性差异;在压实环境下,光合生理特性参数值净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)与对照下各参数数值相比也呈下降趋势。皮尔森相关性分析发现,各光合生理特性参数之间相关性显著。但不同压实处理下,各树木胞间CO2浓度(Ci)变化趋势不一致。     

Impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands

To determine the impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in wetlands, an artificial wetland planted with reeds was constructed to treat highly concentrated domestic wastewater. Under different meteorological and hydraulic conditions, the daily changes of photosynthesis and transpiration of reeds, as well as nitrogen removal efficiency were measured. It was found that net photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area was maintained on a high level (average 19.0 μmol CO₂/(m²·s)) from 10:00 to 14:00 in July 2004 and reached a peak of 21.1 μmol CO₂/(m²·s) when Photon Flux Density was high during the day. Meanwhile, TN and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiency rose to 79.6% and 89.6%, respectively—the maximum values observed in the test. Correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation among photon flux density, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and TN and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiency. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between stomatal conductance and TN and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiency. Results suggest that the photosynthesis and transpiration of wetland plants have a great impact on nitrogen removal efficiency of wetlands, which can be enhanced by an increase in the photosynthesis and transpiration rate. In addition, the efficiency of water usage by reeds and nitrogen removal efficiency could be affected by the water level in wetlands; a higher level boosts nitrogen removal efficiency.     

五氯酚胁迫对转基因杨树光合光响应特性的影响

以从美国引入的转基因杨树(Populus deltoides×nigra,DN34)为材料,设置0、50、100 mg·kg~(-1)三个五氯酚胁迫质量分数开展温室盆栽试验,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测量系统研究五氯酚污染胁迫下转基因杨树对光强的生理响应.结果表明:与对照相比,相同光强下50和100 mg·kg~(-1)质量分数的五氯酚胁迫均降低了转基因杨树叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO_2摩尔分数(C_i)和气孔导度(G_s).因此高质量分数五氯酚比低质量分数五氯酚对转基因杨树光合作用产生更大的抑制响应.     

土壤水分变化对外来入侵植物飞机草生长的影响

以外来入侵植物飞机草为研究对象,设计3个水分梯度(15mm,10mm,5.83mm),研究飞机草的叶绿素含量、生物量、光合生理特征等指标对土壤含水量变化的响应。结果表明,随着土壤水分含量的降低,飞机草的单位叶面积干质量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2摩尔分数、光饱和点等都呈下降趋势。同时,根冠比和水分利用率随着水分胁迫的加重而有所提高,表明飞机草对土壤水分胁迫有一定的适应能力,但总体而言,土壤水分胁迫不利于飞机草的生长,限制了其向降雨量较少的地区入侵。     

砖厂废气污染对橡胶树光合生理特性的影响

选取砖厂废气排放方向种植的橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）品系＂云研77-2＂为研究对象,在距离砖厂200、400、600 m处设置3个研究点,研究分析砖厂排放废气污染对橡胶树光合参数的影响。结果表明：砖厂废气排放对3个不同距离处橡胶树叶片光合参数有显著影响（P〈0.05）。随着橡胶树与砖厂距离的缩近,即污染加剧,橡胶树叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大光合速率（Pmax）、光饱和点（LSP）、暗呼吸速率（Rd）和叶绿素含量（Chl）均呈下降趋势;最大荧光（Fm）、可变荧光（Fv）和最大荧光比（Fv/Fm）也下降,初始荧光（Fo）升高。该研究结果证明,砖厂废气污染对橡胶树光合生理特性有显著影响：相距砖厂600 m范围内,越靠近砖厂,橡胶树叶片光合特性越低。     

Effect of water stress on carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship with transpiration efficiency and specific leaf area in Cenchrus species

Carbon isotope discrimination (CID) has been proposed in estimating transpiration efficiency (TE) in plants indirectly To identify variations for TE and specific leaf area (SLA) and their association with CID, a glasshouse experiment was conducted using six prominent species of Cenchrus. A significant increase in TE (3.50 to 3.87 g kg(-1)) and decrease in SLA (219.50 to 207.99 cm2 g(-1)) and CID (13.72 to 13.23% per hundred) was observed from well watered to stress condition. Results indicated a direct relationship of SLA with CID (r = 0.511* and 0.544*) and inverse relationship between TE and CID (r = -0.229 and -0.270) However the relationship of TE with CID was insignificant. A positive and significant relationship was visualized between TE and dry matter production in both control (r = 0.917**) and stress (0.718**) treatments. Relationships of total dry matter with SLA and CID were monitored insignificant and negative in control and positive in stress treatment indicated difference in dry matter production under two treatments. It seems that, in Cenchrus species, CID was influenced more by the photosynthetic capacity than by stomatal conductance, as indicated by its positive relationship with SLAin both control (r = 0.511) and stress (r = 0.544) conditions and negative relationship with root dry matter production under control (r = -0.921**) and stress (r = -0.919***) condition. Results showed good correspondence between CID and SLA, indicating that lines having high TE and biomass production can be exploited for their genetic improvement for drought.     

盐胁迫对油菜幼苗生长和光合特征的影响

采用盆栽砂培试验,研究了不同浓度(0、50、100、200、300mmol·L-1)NaCl胁迫10和30d对油菜(Brassica napus)幼苗干质量、叶绿素(Chl)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间CO2浓度(xi)、蒸腾速率(Rt)、水分利用效率(Ew,u)和气孔限制值(Ls)等的影响.结果表明,在NaCl胁迫下,油菜幼苗植株干质量显著降低,长期高盐胁迫下油菜干质量降低更显著;随NaCl浓度的增加,Chl含量、Chl a/Chl b比值均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,处理10d,Chl含量、Chl a/Chl b比值在NaCl浓度为200mmol·L-1条件下达最大值,处理30d,在NaCl浓度为100mmol·L-1条件下达最大值.在50～100mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,油菜叶片的Pn、xi和Ls所受影响均很小;高盐胁迫下,其Pn、Gs、xi和Rt均显著下降,而Ew,u和Ls则显著上升.相关分析显示,植株干质量与Chl含量、Chl a/Chl b比值间无相关性,与Na+、Cl-含量,Ew,u和Ls间呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),与根冠比,K+、Ca2+含量,K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+比值,K+与Na+的选择性比率[S(K+,Na+)],Ca2+与Na+的选择性比率[S(Ca2+,Na+)],Pn,Gs,xi和Rt间呈显著正相关(P＜0.01).上述结果表明,200mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫10和30d、300mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫10d,油菜幼苗光合抑制主要来自气孔限制,而300mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫30d,气孔限制和非气孔限制在油菜幼苗光合抑制中均具有重要作用.Na+、Cl-、K+、Ca2+含量,Ew,u,Ls,根冠比,K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+比值,S(K+,Na+),S(Ca2+,Na+),Pn,Gs,xi和Rt均可作为油菜生长盐适应性的评价指标.     

水分条件对中山杉406光合特性的影响

采用室内盆栽方式,以两年生落羽杉属杂交树种＂中山杉406＂（Taxodium‘Zhongshanshan 406’）为试验材料,设置对照、渍水和淹水3种处理,研究了水分条件对中山杉406叶片的叶绿体色素、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO2摩尔分数（Ci）等光合特性的影响。结果表明,中山杉406的叶绿素a、叶绿素a＋b和类胡萝卜素质量分数随土壤水分增加而逐渐降低,但处理间均无显著差异。同样,不同处理间的Tr、Gs和Ci等光合参数无明显规律。光合-光强响应曲线表现出明显的光饱和限制。不同光强下,对照与淹水处理的中山杉406叶片净光合速率高于渍水处理,但处理间没有显著差异。而光饱和在对照处理显著（P〈0.05）高于渍水和淹水处理。在渍水和淹水下,中山杉406的光合特性没有发生明显变化,表明其具有良好的耐湿耐水特性,在湿地的恢复与构建方面有广阔的应用前景。     

长白山不同海拔岳桦(Betula ermanii)的光合生理

通过研究不同海拔(1 750 m,1 900 m,2 000 m)岳桦的光合生理,探讨岳桦叶片对高山环境的适应特征.结果表明:与海拔1 750 m相比,1 900 m和2 000 m处植物叶片具有较低的暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)和CO2补偿点(CCP),较高的最大光合速率(Amax)、光近饱和点(LK)、表观羧化速率(CE)、最大羧化速率(Vcmax)和最大电子传递速率(Jmax).1 900 m处光化学淬灭系数(qP)和作用光存在时PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(ФpsⅡ)最高,2 000 m处非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则最高.随海拔升高,岳桦叶片水分利用效率(WUE)先升高再降低.与1 750 m相比,1 900和2 000 m处植物叶片具有较高的气孔导度(gs)和CO2吸收速率(Pn/Ci斜率).分析表明:1 900 m是岳桦的最适生长区,具有较高的光合能力,且所受胁迫较小.图6表3参26     

SO2和NO2胁迫对红花荷等植物光合生理影响及抗性评价

为探讨红花荷(Rhodoleia championii)等12种园林植物抗SO2和NO2污染能力,以1～2年生实生苗为材料,通过人工气候室的盆栽实验,研究不同SO2和NO2混合气体胁迫对园林植物苗木光合参数和相对叶绿素含量的影响,并利用隶属函数法及系统聚类分析法对其抗SO2和NO2污染能力进行了综合评价。结果表明,植物叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和相对叶绿素含量基本上随着SO2和NO2胁迫的加剧而逐渐降低,但水分利用效率受净光合速率和蒸腾速率变化的影响规律不明显。综合隶属函数和聚类分析可知,红花荷和红千层(Callistemon rigidus)抗污染能力强,杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)和粉红羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)抗污染能力较强,红花银桦(Grevillea robusta)和无忧树(Saraca divespierre)抗污染能力中等,大叶紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)、金花风铃木(Tabebuia chrysantha)和腊肠树(Cassia fistula)抗污染能力较弱,而本地火焰木(Spathodea nilotica)、复羽叶栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)和樱花(Prunus serrulata)抗污染能力弱。研究结果为火电厂、陶瓷厂、钢铁厂、石化厂等重度酸污染地区植物选择提供参考。