大气CO2体积分数升高条件下玉米叶片抗氧化能力的变化

近年来大气中CO2体积分数急剧上升,对植物的光合作用、呼吸作用、水分利用等产生重要的影响.文章利用开顶式气室(OTC)研究了大气CO2体积分数升高条件下玉米(Zea mays L.)叶片抗氧化能力的变化.结果表明,整个生长季内,与对照相比,在高体积分数CO2(550×10-6)条件下,玉米叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量下降,说明膜脂过氧化程度有所降低;O2-·产生速率和H2O2含量与对照相比呈下降趋势并在灌浆期呈显著性差异(P＜0.05),但是随着熏蒸时间的延长,高体积分数CO2处理的植株O2-·产生速率和H2O2含量都逐渐降低,这说明高体积分数CO2下活性氧产生减少;SOD、POD、CAT的活性与对照相比明显升高并达到显著(P＜0.05)或极显著水平(P＜0.01);百粒质量、穗粒数和穗粒质量均高于对照,说明CO2体积分数升高有利于提高玉米的抗氧化能力,促进植物生长.     

ERF3促根突变体缓解高浓度CO_2对粳稻植株氮吸收的负效应

大气CO_2浓度升高会显著降低粳稻植株和叶片氮浓度,从而减缓叶片净光合速率和降低产量的响应幅度。植物氮浓度在高CO_2浓度下的降低与植株氮素吸收能力密切相关,而后者受到根系大小及其活力的调控。为探索通过提高粳稻根系生长及其活力来缓解大气CO_2浓度升高对氮吸收负效应的可行性,利用CO_2生长箱和农田开放式空气CO_2浓度增高FACE(free air CO_2 enrichment)研究平台,以促根突变体ERF3及其野生型作为研究对象,评价二者根系形态指标(总根长、冠根数和扎根深度)、根系活力、氮素吸收和利用效率、各器官氮浓度、叶片净光合速率和地上部生物量对CO_2浓度升高(+200μmol?mol-1)的响应。结果表明,(1)促根突变体ERF3和野生型总根长、冠根数、扎根深度及根系生物量在高CO_2浓度下均表现为显著增加(P0.05)。突变体ERF3根系形态指标和生物量对高CO_2浓度的响应幅度为42.3%~288.9%,较野生型高出6.4%~191.0%。(2)突变体ERF3单茎根系活力在高CO_2浓度下表现为显著(P0.05)增加,增幅为212.1%;而野生型在高CO_2浓度下无显著变化。(3)无论是生长箱还是田间盆栽试验,突变体ERF3在高浓度CO_2下均可以更好地协调氮素的吸收和利用过程。突变体ERF3各器官的氮浓度在高浓度CO_2下并未表现出明显降低趋势;而野生型在高浓度CO_2下表现为显著降低。(4)叶片氮浓度和Rubisco含量的稳定显著提高(P0.05)了突变体ERF3叶片的净光合速率对浓度CO_2升高的响应能力,增幅为42.8%。以上结果表明,未来育种可考虑通过提高粳稻根系生长和活力来减缓CO_2浓度升高对粳稻植株氮素吸收的负效应,从而促进水稻生长和生产。     

丛枝菌根真菌与膨润土对蚕豆生长和重金属累积的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)和膨润土都能影响植物的生长和对重金属的吸收.以铅锌矿周边污染农田土为供试土壤,开展室内盆栽试验,研究接种AMF、施膨润土的单独和复合处理对蚕豆生长和重金属累积的影响.结果表明,接种AMF、施膨润土、AMF+膨润土复合处理都增加蚕豆叶片光合色素含量、株高和生物量,降低土壤有效态重金属含量,减少植株地上部和地下部重金属含量,但增加蚕豆地上部重金属的累积量. AMF+膨润土复合处理下,蚕豆叶片光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素)含量和植株生物量最大,土壤有效态重金属含量和植株重金属含量最低.双因素方差分析表明,接种AMF、施膨润土对土壤重金属有效态含量、蚕豆生长(叶片光合色素含量、株高、生物量)、植株重金属含量与累积量存在显著或极显著的影响,但接种AMF与施膨润土处理间没有显著的交互作用.本研究表明重金属胁迫下,接种AMF和施膨润土单独处理都能促进蚕豆生长和降低植株重金属含量,但复合处理没有叠加效应;结果可为重金属污染土壤的生态修复提供理论和实践依据.     

无机氮和有机氮对水培番茄幼苗碳水化合物积累及氮素吸收的影响

采用2个番茄品种(申粉918、沪樱932),以营养液设置相同氮浓度(3.0 mmol/L,以N计)的NH4 -N、NO3-N、Gly-N三个处理,探讨无机氮(NH4 -N、NO3-N)和有机氮(Gly-N)对番茄幼苗生长、碳水化合物的积累及氮素吸收的影响.结果表明,在无机氮和有机氮存在的营养介质中,NH4 -N、Gly-N对番茄幼苗的生长有明显的抑制作用,对根系尤甚;与NO3-N处理相比,Gly-N、NH4 -N处理均显著提高了叶片可溶性糖、叶片和根系游离氨基酸含量以及各器官氮素含量,降低了叶片淀粉含量、各器官氮素积累量,而Gly-N处理的根系可溶性糖、淀粉含量升高;番茄幼苗基因型差异是否表现与氮素形态有关,以植株根系干重为指标的基因型差异在供应NO3-N时不表现;沪樱932的生长显著优于申粉918;不同品种对有机氮的吸收利用能力不同.     

模拟酸雨与重金属复合胁迫对绞股蓝生长及根际微生物的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了不同pH值的模拟酸雨与Zn(30和400 mg.kg-1)、Cd(1和15 mg.kg-1)单独或复合胁迫对绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)药用成分——总皂甙含量以及根际土壤微生物数量和组成的影响。结果表明:不同pH值的模拟酸雨均能抑制细菌、放线菌、氮素生理类群的生长,其数量随酸雨pH值的降低而不断减少;真菌、纤维素分解菌数量随酸雨pH值的降低呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;绞股蓝茎叶总皂甙含量随酸雨pH值的降低而降低。酸雨影响下,单施低浓度的Zn(30 mg.kg-1)或Cd(1 mg.kg-1)时,根际3大类群微生物、氮素生理类群、纤维素分解菌、绞股蓝总皂甙含量均高于无重金属处理;但当Zn(400 mg.kg-1)或Cd(15 mg.kg-1)处于高浓度时,它们又明显低于无重金属处理。酸雨影响下,Zn(30 mg.kg-1)或Cd(1 mg.kg-1)为低浓度水平时,Zn-Cd复合污染对根际3大类群微生物、氮素生理类群、纤维素分解菌、绞股蓝茎叶总皂甙含量影响表现为拮抗效应;Zn(400 mg.kg-1)或Cd(15 mg.kg-1)为高浓度水平时,Zn-Cd复合污染对根...     

模拟酸雨对华南典型树种生长及营养元素含量的影响

我国是世界上的第3大酸雨区,而华南地区是我国酸雨比较严重的地区之一。越来越严重的酸雨将对森林生态系统林木生长产生负面影响。本文采用盆栽试验模拟研究酸雨对华南典型树种尾叶桉和马尾松幼树生长及营养元素含量的影响。酸雨水平有4个:pH6.8(CK)、pH5、pH4和pH3。幼树生长期间观察并记录其酸雨受害症状,每隔10a测量一次树高,4个月后统计生物量、叶面积情况,并分析植株样品中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg等元素的质量分数。试验结果表明,在不同酸度酸雨的协迫下,尾叶桉和马尾松幼苗表现出不同程度的受害症状,酸度越高受害越严重。酸雨显著地抑制尾叶桉和马尾松的树高生长,降低幼苗生物量,减少叶面积生长。与对照相比,生长四个月后,pH5、pH4和pH3处理分别导致尾叶桉生物量降低10.79%、19.21%和27.25%,马尾松降低12.78%、22.98%和28.70%。尾叶桉植株内P、Mg、Ca质量分数不同程度地受到酸雨的影响,而N、K质量分数不受酸雨影响;马尾松除了P元素以外,其它元素质量分数在各个酸雨处理之间差异不显著。     

不同特性底质对沉水植物恢复生长的影响

通过室内模拟实验,研究了3种土壤基质（沙土、粘土和腐殖土）分别与河岸边土壤按5个质量分数（5%、10%、30%、50%和80%）掺混形成的不同成分底质分别对菹草（Potamogeton crispus）、轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）和微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）顶枝断枝恢复生长的影响。结果表明：（1）在3种基质与岸边土壤掺混的底质上,实验结束时菹草的平均最高植株分别出现在5%SA（沙土与岸边土掺混）底质、50%NA（粘土与岸边土掺混）底质和10%FA（腐殖土与岸边土掺混）底质,株高分别达到30、48和45 cm;轮叶黑藻的平均最高植株分别出现在10%SA底质、50%NA底质和30%FA底质,株高分别达到47、82和59 cm;微齿眼子菜在3种基质掺混的底质上植株株高几乎没有增高;（2）生长于同种底质的植株,单位高度上菹草的生物量大于轮叶黑藻,微齿眼子菜的生物量几乎没有增加。因此,适宜菹草和轮叶黑藻恢复生长的基质顺序为粘土〉腐殖土〉沙土,微齿眼子菜在3种基质掺混的底质上几乎没有生长;植株对于特性底质适应性强弱的顺序依次为轮叶黑藻〉菹草〉微齿眼子菜。     

铅处理对茴香植株生长及精油组分的影响

为了揭示铅对茴香（Foeniculum vulgare L.）生长和次生代谢产物-精油组分的影响及茴香植株对铅的吸收累积特性,本试验采用水培方法,在霍格兰营养液中加入铅,设计0（对照）、1 mg·L^-1、5 mg·L^-1、10 mg·L^-1处理,研究了不同铅质量浓度对茴香植株生长、精油组分及茴香植株对铅吸收累积的影响。结果表明：不同铅质量浓度处理对茴香植株的形态、生物量、色素质量分数、碳和氮质量分数、铅的吸收累积及精油组分均有影响。随着铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株的株高呈降低趋势,且各处理之间差异显著,真叶数大致也呈降低趋势,但仅10 mg·L^-1处理显著低于对照,各处理的最大叶长差异均不显著,最大叶宽仅对照与5 mg·L^-1处理之间差异显著。随着铅质量浓度的增加,地上部鲜质量和干质量均呈逐渐降低趋势,且铅处理后的地上部鲜质量和干质量均显著低于对照,地下部鲜质量和干质量呈逐渐升高趋势,但铅处理后的地下部鲜质量和干质量与对照差异均不显著,根冠比呈逐渐增加趋势,但仅10 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照。随着铅质量浓度的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a＋b和类胡萝卜素质量分数均呈降低趋势,且均低于对照,叶绿素a/叶绿素b以5 mg·L^-1处理最高,但仅显著高于1 mg·L^-1处理。铅处理后,可溶性蛋白质质量分数均高于对照,但仅1 mg·L^-1处理和5 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照,全氮质量分数与可溶性蛋白质质量分数的变化趋势基本一致,但各处理之间差异均不显著;随铅质量浓度的增加,可溶性糖质量分数呈降低趋势,除1 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照外,其余铅处理均显著低于对照,各处理的全碳质量分数与对照差异均不显著。随铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加。不同铅质量浓度处理下的反式-茴香脑含量和含氧化合物均显著低于对照,以5 mg·L^-1铅处理最低,而柠檬烯含量和单萜类化合物均显著高于对照,以5 mg·L^-1铅处理最高;随铅质量浓度的增加,倍半萜类化合物含量呈降低趋势,且均低于对照。因此,铅能抑制茴香植株的生长;随铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加;铅处理能影响茴香精油组分,显著降低反式-茴香脑和含氧化合物含量,而显著提高柠檬烯和单萜类化合物含量。     

椰纤维生物炭对砖红壤水稻土Pb形态及水稻产量和品质的影响

为研究椰纤维生物炭(CFB)对铅(Pb)污染水稻土中Pb形态和生物有效性的影响,以及对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)生长和品质的调控效果,以热带(海南)具有代表性的花岗岩和玄武岩母质发育的砖红壤水稻土为供试土壤,在6种Pb污染土壤(Pb质量分数为0、50、250、500、2 500、5 000 mg·kg~(-1))中添加质量分数为3%的CFB,并进行水稻盆栽试验,分析土壤EDTA有效态Pb含量和Pb形态,及糙米Pb含量、水稻产量和农艺性状的变化。结果表明:随Pb污染量的增加,两种水稻土中各化学形态和有效态Pb含量显著增加(P0.05);CFB的施用降低了土壤交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Pb含量,增加了有机结合态和残渣态含量;降低了供试土壤有效态Pb含量,且玄武岩母质水稻土较花岗岩母质水稻土效果更显著。Pb质量分数(250、500 mg·kg~(-1))未超过国家农业用地风险管制值(GB15618—2018;≤500 mg·kg~(-1))时,花岗岩水稻土、玄武岩水稻土中糙米Pb含量依次超过食品安全国家标准(0.2mg·kg~(-1));Pb胁迫未对水稻生长和农艺性状造成明显影响;而质量分数为5 000 mg·kg~(-1)时,Pb胁迫抑制水稻生长、降低农艺性状,此时花岗岩和玄武岩中糙米Pb含量分别超过国家食品安全标准14、10倍。CFB能够缓解Pb对水稻产量和品质的影响;Pb质量分数为500mg·kg~(-1)时,CFB的施用使玄武岩水稻土中糙米Pb含量降低38.4%,符合食品安全国家标准。因此,椰纤维生物炭能够促使土壤中Pb向水稻难吸收的有机结合态和残渣态转化,降低有效态Pb含量,减轻Pb对水稻生长的毒害及在糙米中的累积。     

镉胁迫对大豆花荚期生理生态的影响

为了探讨重金属胁迫对大豆繁殖期生理生态的影响,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了Cd2+胁迫对五月王和日本青两个大豆品系花荚期植株生长及叶片叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),活性、过氧化物酶(POD),活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:(1)低质量分数Cd2+胁迫对2个大豆品系的花荚期植株生物量和植株高度均具有促进作用,但随着Cd2+质量分数的增加转而抑制大豆植株的生物量和高度的增加,且质量分数越高其抑制作用越明显.(2)不同质量分数Cd2+处理对花荚期大豆叶片叶绿素合成具有刺激效应,两个大豆品系结荚期的叶绿素含量随胁迫时间的延长呈先增加后降低的趋势.(3)短时间、低质量分数的Cd2+胁迫能增强大豆花荚期SOD活性,长时间、高质量分数的Cd2+胁迫能抑制大豆花荚期SOD活性.(4)随着Cd2+质量分数增加,五月王和日本青结荚期POD活性逐渐升高,但其时间效应有差异;随着胁迫时间的延长,日本青花荚期POD活性稳步提高,而五月王在长时间、高质量分数Cd2+胁迫下POD活性降低.(5)随着Cd2+质量分数和胁迫时间的递增,大豆MDA含量呈"先升后降"趋势.(6)大豆五月王和日本青花荚期对Cd2+耐受性存在较大差异,这主要是由二者的遗传学因素不同决定的而不是环境因素.     

不同改良措施对煤矸石污染土壤上大豆生长的影响

采用盆栽试验,通过添加粉煤灰和牛粪对煤矸石污染土壤进行改良,并研究了不同改良措施对大豆生长、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,添加粉煤灰0.07 kg.kg-1(T1)、添加牛粪0.07 kg.kg-1(T2)、添加粉煤灰和牛粪各0.07 kg.kg-1(T3)3种土壤改良措施对大豆的株高、叶面积和单株根瘤数均有显著影响,不同生育期株高、叶面积和单株根瘤数均表现为T3>T2>T1>CK。在花期和鼓粒期,3种土壤改良措施下大豆的叶绿素含量和光合速率均显著高于对照,且T3处理显著高于T2和T1。与对照相比,不同土壤改良措施对大豆的单株荚数、百粒重、单株粒重和产量均有显著影响,T3、T2和T1处理的大豆产量较对照分别提高68.47%、40.99%和30.63%。     

Studies on mycorrhizal inoculation on dry matter yield and root colonization of some medicinal plants grown in stress and forest soils

Five medicinal plants viz. Abelmoschatus moschatus Linn., Clitoria tematea L., Plumbagozeylanica L., Psorolea corylifolia L. and Withania sominifera L. were grown in a polypot experiment in five soils representing coal mine soil, coppermine soil, fly ash, skeletal soil and forest soil with and without mycorrhizal inoculations in a completely randomized block design. Dry matter yield and mycorrhizal root colonization of plants varied both in uninoculated and inoculated conditions. The forest soil rendered highest dry matter due to higher yield of A. moschatus, P. zeylanica and P corylifolia while fly ash showed lowest dry matter without any inoculants. P. cematea were best in coalmine soil and W. sominifera in copper mine soil without mycorrhizal inoculation. The mycorrhiza was found to enhance the dry matter yield. This contributed minimum 0.19% to maximum up to 422.0% in different soils as compared to uninoculated plants. The mycorrhizal dependency was noticed maximum in plants grown in fly ash followed by coal mine soil, copper mine soil, skeletal soil and forest soil. The mycorrhizal response was increased maximum in W. sominifera due to survival in fly ash after inoculation followed by P corylifolia and P cematea. Percent root colonization in inoculated plant was increased minimum of 1.10 fold to maximum of 12.0 folds in comparison to un-inoculated plants . The native mycorrhiza fungi were also observed to colonize 4.0 to 32.0% roots in plants understudy. This study suggests that mycorrhizal inoculation increased the dry matter yield of medicinal plants in all soils under study. It also helps in survival of W. sominifera in fly ash.     

燃煤灰渣中微量元素分布规律的研究

研究了锅炉飞灰和底灰中１５种微量元素的含量和分布，探讨了煤炭燃烧后，微量元素在灰渣中的集散及其影响因素，飞灰和底灰中大多数元素高于全国土壤背景值，７种元素高于克拉克值，其余８种低于克拉克值，飞灰中多数元素的地球化学富集因子高于１，呈富集状态，而底灰中多数元素富集因子小于１，飞灰和底灰中微量元素含量与煤中微量元素含量呈线性关系，微量元素含量不仅与煤有关，还受锅炉燃烧方式等人为因素影响。     

Effects of fly ash, Pseudomonas striata and Rhizobium on the reproduction of nematode Meloidogyne incognita and on the growth and transpiration of pea

Glasshouse experiments were conducted twice to assess the ash amendments (0, 20, and 40% with soil), a phosphate solubilizing microorganism Pseudomonas striata and a root-nodule bacterium Rhizobium sp on the reproduction of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and on the growth and transpiration of pea. Amendments of fly ash with soil had no effect on transpiration. However, M. incognita reduced the rate of transpiration from 1st week onward after inoculation while inoculation of Rhizobium sp and P. striata increased transpiration from 1st week onward after their inoculation both in nematode inoculated and uninoculated plants. Increase in transpiration was greater when both organisms were inoculated together. Addition of 20 and 40% fly ash with soil was beneficial for plant growth both in nematode inoculated and uninoculated plants. Inoculation of above organisms also increases plant growth of nematode inoculated and uninoculated plants in different fly ash soil mixture but increase in growth was greater when both organisms were inoculated together. Use of 20% fly ash increased galling and nematode multiplication over plants grown in without fly ash while 40% fly ash had adverse effect on galling and nematode multiplication. Rhizobium sp had greater adverse effect on galling and nematode multiplication than P. striata. Use of both organisms together had greater adverse effect on galling and nematode multiplication than caused by either of them alone. Highest reduction in galling and nematode multiplication was observed when both organisms were used in 40% fly ash amended soil. However, highest transpiration was observed in plants without nematodes and inoculated with both organisms together both in with or without fly ash amended soil.     

Coal fly ash and straw immobilize Cu,Cd and Zn from mining wasteland

Soil heavy metal contamination is a major health issue. Chemical immobilization of toxic metals is a promising technique to solve this issue. In this study, soil was sampled from a copper mining-polluted area in eastern China. Coal fly ash and straw were applied to soil samples at 5 % w/w ratio and 2 % w/w ratio, and incubated for 6 weeks. The CaCl₂-extractable Cu, Cd and Zn, phytoavailability and soil microbial activity were measured. The results showed that coal fly ash, straw and the mixture of coal fly ash and straw decreased CaCl₂-extractable metals. Coal fly ash or the mixture of the two amendments are therefore efficient metal stabilizers.     

Toxic effects of coal fly ash on wheat seedlings

We studied heavy metal (HM) stress on wheat seedlings (AK-58) with and without coal fly ash (CFA) exposure. Three CFA spray rates were used to simulate air quality of the second level. Results show airborne particulates can directly enter plant leaves, affecting the whole plant. HM deposition decreases seedling size and mass and reduces activities of the chlorophyll family, photosynthesis enzymes (RuBP and PEPC), and photosynthesis efficiency. In leaves, HM deposition increases with the CFA spray rate. In roots, however, CFA exposure seems to reduce HM deposition, compared with the control without CFA exposure. A possible reason is that HM deposition in leaves from airborne particulates hinders photosynthesis, weakens the whole physiology of the seedlings, and consequently reduces root absorption of HMs from soil. CFA leads to chloroplast expansion, layer-stack disorder of grana, plastoglobule increase, and even chlorophyll membrane damage.     

Assessment of contamination by percolation of septic tank effluent through natural and amended soils

Fly ash has been found to be a potential material for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and may be useful in the treatment of septic tank effluent. Laboratory columns (30 cm) were used to determine the sorption capacity and hydraulic properties of lagoon fly ash, loamy sand, sand, and sand amended by lagoon fly ash (30 and 60%) and red mud gypsum (20%). The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was high in all column effluents (71-93%). Extent of nitrification was high in Spearwood sand, Merribrook loamy sand and 20% red mud gypsum amended Spearwood sand. However, actual removal of nitrogen (N) was high in columns containing lagoon fly ash. Unamended Spearwood sand possessed only minimal capacity for P sorption. Merribrook loamy sand and red mud gypsum amended sand affected complete P removal throughout the study period of 12 weeks. Significant P leakage occurred from lagoon fly ash amended sand columns following 6-10 weeks of operation. Neither lagoon fly ash nor red mud gypsum caused any studied heavy metal contamination including manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) of effluent. It can be concluded that Merribrook loamy sand is better natural soil than Spearwood sand as a filter medium. The addition of lagoon fly ash enhanced the removal of P in Spearwood sand but the efficiency was lower than with red mud gypsum amendment.     

Assessment of Contamination By Percolation Of Septic Tank Effluent Through Natural and Amended Soils

Fly ash has been found to be a potential material for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and may be useful in the treatment of septic tank effluent. Laboratory columns (30 cm) were used to determine the sorption capacity and hydraulic properties of lagoon fly ash, loamy sand, sand, and sand amended by lagoon fly ash (30 and 60%) and red mud gypsum (20%). The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was high in all column effluents (71–93%). Extent of nitrification was high in Spearwood sand, Merribrook loamy sand and 20% red mud gypsum amended Spearwood sand. However, actual removal of nitrogen (N) was high in columns containing lagoon fly ash. Unamended Spearwood sand possessed only minimal capacity for P sorption. Merribrook loamy sand and red mud gypsum amended sand affected complete P removal throughout the study period of 12 weeks. Significant P leakage occurred from lagoon fly ash amended sand columns following 6–10 weeks of operation. Neither lagoon fly ash nor red mud gypsum caused any studied heavy metal contamination including manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) of effluent. It can be concluded that Merribrook loamy sand is better natural soil than Spearwood sand as a filter medium. The addition of lagoon fly ash enhanced the removal of P in Spearwood sand but the efficiency was lower than with red mud gypsum amendment.     

粉煤灰钝化污泥人工土壤上高麦草生长发育及营养状况研究

通过温室盆栽试验研究不同比例粉煤灰钝化污泥人工土壤上高麦草的生长发育及营养状况，试验结果表明：土壤中加入粉煤灰钝化污泥显著增加了高麦草的干物重．脱水污泥加入其鲜重的10％粉煤灰钝化后再按1∶1和1∶5体积比与土壤混合配成的人工土处理和加入其鲜重的35％粉煤灰钝化后再按1∶1体积比与土壤混合配成的人工土处理高麦草的产量都显著高于自然土壤施用化肥的处理，高麦草的发芽率也不受影响．随着粉煤灰加入量的增加，高麦草地上部Ca，Mg和B的浓度（w／％或w／mg．kg－1）增加而K，Fe，Mn和Zn的浓度下降，高麦草根中Fe，Mn，Cu和Zn的浓度显著高于其地上部中的浓度．所有粉煤灰钝化后污泥人工土壤高麦草都没有出现N和P的缺乏和重金属毒害，说明合适比例的粉煤灰钝化污泥人工土壤是高麦草的良好生长介质．     

电厂煤飞灰单个颗粒的化学表征

用扫描电镜Ｘ射线能谱对电厂煤飞灰单个颗粒进行了形貌，粒度和化学组成的观察与分析，用Ｘ射线衍射鉴定了煤飞灰粗细颗粒中元素存在的化学形态（化合物或物相）结果表明，煤飞灰中有较多球形颗粒，还有一些不规则形颗粒，主要含有Ｓｉ，Ａｌ，Ｃａ，Ｆｅ，Ｓ，Ｋ等，不同形貌，大小颗粒中的组分含量差别较大，但大多以硅铝酸盐为基体，其它元素分布在颗粒表层（约１μｍ）中，粗细颗粒中均有石英和氧化铁，但粗粒中还富含Ｃａ和Ｆｅ