关于在装备研制过程中推行全面质量管理的探讨

武器装备的质量与研制过程质量管理水平密切相关。现代战争对武器装备的各方面性能都提出了更高的要求,提高武器装备研制、生产过程中的质量管理水平对于提升武器装备的战斗能力具有十分重要的意义。结合国内外质量管理发展历程,分析了全面质量管理的优点,提出企业在目前质量管理体系的建立和运行过程中,一定要将全面质量管理的思想融合进去,一切工作要以质量为中心,贯彻"三全"、"四一切"理念。同时通过案例分析,提出在后续装备研制中,应提升过程控制能力、重视设计缺陷控制,加强软件质量与可靠性工作。     

全面加强环境监测质量管理工作初探

环境监测是环境管理和决策的重要技术支持,环境监测质量管理工作与环境监测整体发展不相适应的矛盾日益突出。目前环境监测质量管理工作中存在的机构制度不健全、质量管理技术发展缓慢、现场监测质量管理薄弱等问题,可通过完善制度、转变工作方式、发挥质量监督员作用、加强现场监测质量管理、拓展质量管理范围等全面加强环境监测质量管理工作的措施得到解决。     

全面质量管理(TQC)在环境监测中的应用

环境监测中,质量控制是极重要的工作,已于本监测站中全面展开。如将工业企业的全面质量管理,引入环境监测中,则是对工业企业全面质量管理应用的扩展。今年初,我们将PDCA(计划plan,执行do,检查check,总结和处理action)循环用于环境监测的质量保证体系,收到了明显的效果。既充分体现了PDCA循环的特点,又实施了环境监测中常用的质量保证方法。PDCA循环与各种质量保证方法相结合,形成一套适用于监测分析的质量保证体系,有推广价值。     

全面质量管理在环境管理中的应用

工厂的环境管理也是全面质量管理的一项主要内容。全面质量管理是以提高产品质量,工作效率,经济效果为目的,由全员参加的生产全过程的管理,是现代化工业生产中的一种科学管理方法。它采用数理统计方法,结合专业技术研究,控制影响产品的各种因素,以生产出优质产品。国家经委颁布的《工业企业全面质量管理暂行办法》中指     

环境质量管理新模式:启程与挑战

污染物总量控制是我国近10年环境保护中一个重要的治理模式。但在环境容量"硬约束"、公众对良好环境质量"硬需求"的大背景下,我国的环境管理应逐步从总量控制转向以环境质量改善为核心,改善环境质量已经成为环保工作的出发点和落脚点。2015年,随着新《环境保护法》的实施和"三大战役"的先后打响,法律保障、行动计划、政府问责、质量监测等逐步就绪,环境质量管理的基础手段不断夯实。2016年,环境质量管理新模式将全面启动,建议从强化公众环境健康、实行区域流域总量控制、改革生态环保管理体制、强化市场机制、推行排污许可证制度、加强信息公开和公众参与等方面着手,全面推进环境质量管理转型与创新。     

论加强环境监测质量管理

对做好环境监测质量管理的重要意义进行了论述,并在此基础上进一步阐述了环境监测质量管理的主要内容及如何搞好环境监测质量管理的做法。     

浅析内部审核与管理评审在海洋环境监测质量管理中的应用

计量认证质量管理体系在海洋环境监测质量"过程性"管理中是否得以有效发挥,取决于质量管理体系中的两个活力因子即内部审核和管理评审活动的有效开展.通过分析内部审核和管理评审基本内涵及其在质量管理体系中的重要作用的基础上,探讨在现阶段海洋环境监测质量管理中如何有效实施内部审核和管理评审活动;并特别指出实验室高层管理者对内部审核和管理评审活动的重要性认识和领导方式方法以及内部审核和管理评审活动结果的后续工作处理等问题,应引起注意.     

环境经营战略：未来企业的资格证

现代经济瞬息万变。在风靡世界的全面质量管理、多角度战略、质量保证与认证和刚摩登西方的CI设计等风潮之后，又有人总结软性管理、机会管理、信息管理、危机管理、创新管理等模式，称其为现代企业管理九大方向，也有人把自我管理、模糊原则、再造工程乃至CS经营等方法归纳谓当代企业管理国际九大新潮流。然而无论从共识的普遍性和理论形成的先后，还是从企业认同的广泛性和实践的时序上看，最广最新的企业管理潮流当首推ISOI4000，它是现代企业在消费者与国际社会环保意识普遍提高条件下的重要促销手段，是国际贸易非关税壁垒的新措施…     

论加强环境资源市场管理

（二）（接上期）二、环境资源向场管理的意义关于加强环境资源市场管理的意义，我们可以从以下几个方面来认识。1、加强对环境资源市场的管理，既是全面建设社会主义市场经济体制的需要，也是开创环境资源工作新局面的需要。目前，我国已进入全面建设社会主义市场经济体制的新时期。统一的社会主义市场经济体制是由商品市场、金融市场、劳务市场、技术市场、信息市场、期货市场、证券市场，消费品市场，生产资料市场，农产品市场等各种专门市场经济体制组成的，环境资源市场是老市场的一个不可分割的组成部分。因此，要全面建设社会主义市…     

加强质保工作 确保监测质量

本文就目前基础环境监测站存在的具体问题，强调树立全面质量管理观念，建立质保机构，深入细致地加强质保工作，完善监测质量管理，充分调动监测人员的主观能动性，从而保证监测质量。     

Adaptive management for mitigating Cryptosporidium risk in source water: A case study in an agricultural catchment in South Australia

Water-borne pathogens such as Cryptosporidium pose a significant human health risk and catchments provide the first critical pollution ‘barrier’ in mitigating risk in drinking water supply. In this paper we apply an adaptive management framework to mitigating Cryptosporidium risk in source water using a case study of the Myponga catchment in South Australia. Firstly, we evaluated the effectiveness of past water quality management programs in relation to the adoption of practices by landholders using a socio-economic survey of land use and management in the catchment. The impact of past management on the mitigation of Cryptosporidium risk in source water was also evaluated based on analysis of water quality monitoring data. Quantitative risk assessment was used in planning the next round of management in the adaptive cycle. Specifically, a pathogen budget model was used to identify the major remaining sources of Cryptosporidium in the catchment and estimate the mitigation impact of 30 alternative catchment management scenarios. Survey results show that earlier programs have resulted in the comprehensive adoption of best management practices by dairy farmers including exclusion of stock from watercourses and effluent management from 2000 to 2007. Whilst median Cryptosporidium concentrations in source water have decreased since 2004 they remain above target levels and put pressure on other barriers to mitigate risk, particularly the treatment plant. Non-dairy calves were identified as the major remaining source of Cryptosporidium in the Myponga catchment. The restriction of watercourse access of non-dairy calves could achieve a further reduction in Cryptosporidium export to the Myponga reservoir of around 90% from current levels. The adaptive management framework applied in this study was useful in guiding learning from past management, and in analysing, planning and refocussing the next round of catchment management strategies to achieve water quality targets.     

时域反射仪结合土钻法测定土壤容重

土壤水分是土地持续利用、水资源规划与管理、环境化学、节水农业技术研究的基础。介绍了时域反射仪（TDR）及其测定土壤水分的方法及应用，并利用时域反射仪结合土钻法测定土壤容重，与经典的环刀法测定土壤容重进行了比较，结果表明：两种测定结果存在一定的差异，TDR结合土钻法测定土壤容重能连续测定而且稳定性好。     

ASSESSING LAND USE IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY USING MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING1

ABSTRACT: A renewed emphasis on source water protection and watershed management has resulted from recent amendments and initiatives under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean Water Act. Knowledge of the impact of land use choices on source water quality is critical for efforts to properly manage activities within a watershed. This study evaluated qualitative relationships between land use and source water quality and the quantitative impact of season and rainfall events on water quality parameters. High levels of specific conductance tended to be associated with dense residential development, while organic carbon was elevated at several forested sites. Turbidity was generally higher in more urbanized areas. Source tracking indicators were detected in samples where land use types would predict their presence. Coliform levels were statistically different at the 95 percent confidence levels for winter versus summer conditions and dry versus wet weather conditions. Other water quality parameters that varied with season were organic carbon, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance. These results indicate that land use management can be effective for mitigating impacts to a water body; however, year‐ round, comprehensive data are necessary to thoroughly evaluate the water quality at a particular site.     

A longitudinal study of the links between Local Air Quality Management and Local Transport Planning policy processes in England

The second round of the Local Transport Plan (LTP2) process in England presents unique challenges and opportunities for integrating Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) within current transport planning policy. Using content analysis of LTP2 documents from nine English authorities, and results from a questionnaire survey of local government officers undertaken in late 2007, this paper charts the changes in the integration of air quality management within the transport planning process since 1997. While substantial improvements in policy integration were observed within the selected case studies, the paper demonstrates that such improvements are often constrained by institutional complexities that create implementation gaps between national objectives and local decision-making outcomes.     

A conceptual model of the role of complex science in local authority consultations about air quality management

There exists a clear imperative across the EU and within the UK towards the enhanced integration of community knowledge in environmental and health decision-making processes. The underlying social force that underpins this dynamic is the drive for a more accountable, transparent and publicly acceptable decision-making arena. However, relatively little research has been undertaken on the evaluation of local air quality management consultation in particular. In this context, the paper presents an evaluation of evidence resulting from questionnaire survey and case study research undertaken in the first round of the statutory process of local air quality management (LAQM), in which local authorities are required to consult on their air quality findings and intentions. We suggest that local authority perceptions of the relative abilities of differing stakeholders' grasp of air quality science, the process that translates that science into policy, and the institutional and organizational status of stakeholders (i.e. whether they are statutory or non-statutory stakeholders) may tend to transitively determine the choice of consultation methods used, the communication strategies chosen and the relative integration of stakeholder feedback into the LAQM decision-making process. In order to interrogate this potentially problematic chain of risk communication events, a preliminary conceptual model has been developed to enable the interrogation of the pathways through, and the obstacles to, the translation of air quality knowledge. The task is to unveil the sequential chains of association that comprise the LAQM risk communication process.     

A conceptual model of the role of complex science in local authority consultations about air quality management

Abstract

There exists a clear imperative across the EU and within the UK towards the enhanced integration of community knowledge in environmental and health decision-making processes. The underlying social force that underpins this dynamic is the drive for a more accountable, transparent and publicly acceptable decision-making arena. However, relatively little research has been undertaken on the evaluation of local air quality management consultation in particular. In this context, the paper presents an evaluation of evidence resulting from questionnaire survey and case study research undertaken in the first round of the statutory process of local air quality management (LAQM), in which local authorities are required to consult on their air quality findings and intentions. We suggest that local authority perceptions of the relative abilities of differing stakeholders' grasp of air quality science, the process that translates that science into policy, and the institutional and organizational status of stakeholders (i.e. whether they are statutory or non-statutory stakeholders) may tend to transitively determine the choice of consultation methods used, the communication strategies chosen and the relative integration of stakeholder feedback into the LAQM decision-making process. In order to interrogate this potentially problematic chain of risk communication events, a preliminary conceptual model has been developed to enable the interrogation of the pathways through, and the obstacles to, the translation of air quality knowledge. The task is to unveil the sequential chains of association that comprise the LAQM risk communication process.     

What's the difference between reengineering and tqem?

Reengineering has become the latest corporate management buzzword, replacing, in many cases, total quality management as the panacea for industrial ills. How different are reengineering and total quality management (TQM), if at all, and how does each apply to environmental management? In this article the authors examine the concepts of reengineering and TQM as they apply to environmental management.     

构建流域水质综合监测体系的初探

流域水质监测是流域水环境改善与污染防治的重要前提,为流域水环境管理提供了必要的技术支撑。目前环保、水利、流域管理等众多部门均承担了一定范围内的流域水质监测工作,但由于监测方法、取样断面等方面的差异,各监测机构的数据往往存在较大差异,不利于流域水质现状评价、预警预报和水环境的综合管理。本文以长江流域的跨省界断面为研究对象,对构建流域水质综合监测体系进行初探研究,对于确保流域水质安全具有重要意义。     

From a culture of fixing to a culture of preventing at arm & hammer brand

Companies with a total quality management program in place are beginning to understand the need for of a fuller integration of environmental and health and safety functions within their overall quality framework. Intense international competition, a flat global economy, and an increasingly stringent environmental and health and safety regulatory climate are forcing management to consolidate whatever gains they have made on the compliance side. At the same time, a total quality approach demands flattening of hierarchies, increased empowerment in divisions and plant floors, and much greater integration through a team approach of most management functions. Making all of this work puts a heavy premium on communication and individual responsibility. As companies that are going through the process now understand, this calls for major changes in corporate culture and a deep commitment from top management. This article describes the quality improvement process at Church & Dwight, makers of the Arm & Hammer line of products, where the TQEM challenge is orchestrated by a triumvirate representing three management functions: engineering, quality, and marketing/public relations.     

A MULTIOBJECTIVE MODEL FOR REGIONAL WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Linear programming is the simplest of all the optimization techniques used in regional water quality management studies; but the technique can optimize only one goal. When there are multiple goals with the same or different priorities, goal programming is a useful decisionmaking tool. This paper illustrates the application of goal programming to a regional water quality management problem where the following two goals are considered: (1) minimize the total cost of waste treatment, and (2) maintain the water quality goals (dissolved oxygen) close to the minimum level stated in the stream standards.