建设项目环境经济损益分析方法的研究

一、简易分析法建设项目环评报告书均应有环境经济损益分析专题内容。但是，对于项目不太大或项目污染不严重的环评报告书来说，只需做出简易的环境经济损益分析。简易分析的主要内容为环保投资估算、投资比例及环境效益分析。以“湖北艾森一天发油脂项目环境影响评价”（以下简称“文发项目”，荆沙市环科所编写）为例：1．环保投资估算及投资比例首先阐明拟建工程环保设施的划分结果。不同的行业对环保设施的划分有不同规定，如石油化工行业对环保设施的划分在SHJ24－90中作了原则性划分。’‘艾发项目”环保投资估算包括：污水处理站23…     

环境保护工作中发展的几个问题(续) 三、经济与环境协调发展是历史的必然

当前,我国的环保投资多不多?环保投资增加会不会影响我国经济建设的步伐?回答应当是否定的。国内外许多事实说明,经济与环境要协调发展,给环保工     

关于规范环保投资运营机制的实践与思考

针对目前我国环保融投资运营中存在的矛盾和问题,结合当地环保投资的实践,以市场经济和环境经济理论为指导,对如何进一步规范环保融投资体制,以期获得环境与经济的最大效益,提出可操作性的建议。     

关于规范环保投资运营机制的实践与思考

针对目前我国在环保融投资运营中存在的矛盾和问题,结合当地环保投资的实践,以市场经济和环境经济理论为指导。对如何进一步规范环保融投资体制,以期获得环境与经济的最大效益,提出可操作性的意见和建议。     

环保投资的费用-效益分析

文章讨论了环保投资的费用－－效益分析原理，同时给出了环保投资的费用－－效益分析步骤及评价技术。     

政府在环保产业发展中的地位和作用

环保产业是保护环境,实施可持续发展战略的重要物质基础和技术保障,是我国未来的投资重点以及最具潜力的经济增长点之一.根据目前我国环保产业发展的现状,深入剖析了我国环保产业发展中存在的问题及其影响因素,提出了政府作为环保市场的重要主体,应在加快环境法律制度创新、环境科技体制改革、促进产业管理的规范化和投资的多元化以及环保企业的集团化方面充分发挥其主导作用.     

关于我国环境保护投资的界定与思考

对比分析了国内外环保投资范围的界定原则,解析了环保投资的内涵,从环保投资的性质、目的和内涵等方面提出了环保投资的界定原则。研究表明,目前我国环保投资统计口径比较混乱,环保投资虚高,且投资结构不尽合理,资金使用效率不高,造成污染治理和生态恢复速度一直滞后于环境污染和生态破坏速度。建议明晰环保投资定位,优化投资结构,明确投资范围,统一统计口径,拓宽投资融资渠道,保障投资金额,加强投资监管,提高投资使用效率,解决现有环境问题。     

广东省环保产业协会——发挥中介组织作用帮助企业开拓市场

为贯彻国家环保局有关加速环保技术的推广应用,提高科技成果的转化率和环保投资效益,促进环境和经济协调发展的指示精神,广东省环保产业协会积极发挥中介组织作用,帮助广州兴华环保联合公司组织召开全省的兴华环保新技术、新产品专题推广会,收到较好的效果。广州兴华...     

建立和完善环保信托业模型的研究

根据我国环保资本市场建立和环保市场化发展的需求,论述了在环保产业中引入信托机制的重要性和必要性,并结合信托市场运营的特点和规律,从理论和实践的结合上,建立了具有可操作性的包括环保投资、融资、租赁、合营、交易、转让在内的六大环保信托模型,旨在建立和完善环保信托市场中发挥指导作用。     

有色金属企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响研究——基于环境规制的调节效应与门槛效应分析

基于2014—2020年我国有色金属上市公司的数据,通过构建基准模型、调节效应模型、门槛效应模型,实证检验了企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响。结果表明:①环保投资对企业竞争力具有显著的促进作用,引入环境规制变量后,发现其对环保投资与企业竞争力之间的关系产生了正向调节作用。②相比于我国非国有企业和西部地区,环境规制对有色金属企业环保投资与企业竞争力之间的正向调节效应在国有企业和中、东部地区企业中更加明显。③以环境规制为门槛变量进行深入分析,发现环境规制存在双重门槛效应,当环境规制大于或等于2.203这一门槛值时,环保投资对企业竞争力的促进作用才会显著。     

Integrating Economic Development and the Environment: Artisan Fishing Production in Guanabara Bay,Rio de Janeiro

The adoption of environmentally sustainable techniques by cooperatives and small companies results in specific difficulties rarely discussed in the literature. This paper describes an action-research carried out by seafood cultivators and university researchers in Guanabara Bay, which resulted in the substitution of the previous technique, based on extraction, by one without negative environmental impacts. The economic results have been satisfactory, so it can be expected that this activity may become more widespread in the region.     

Urban community gardening,social capital,and "integration" – a mixed method exploration of urban "integration-gardening" in Copenhagen,Denmark

ABSTRACT

This study examines a community garden in Copenhagen, Denmark, "The Urban Integration Gardens" that endeavours to strengthen social integration in the local multicultural neighbourhood. The "community" in the gardens is explored, with a focus on how they foster social capital, particularly opportunities for "bridging" social capital. A mixed-methods approach is used, by employing a qualitative analysis of gardeners’ perceptions of "community", diversity and inclusivity, through the lens of "cognitive" social capital, and the meanings the gardeners assign to their experiences, and how they understand their involvement in the gardens. We also examine "structural" dimensions of social capital, involving quantitative data from a questionnaire and data from Statistics Denmark, comparing data concerning socio-demographic backgrounds from gardeners and residents in the local neighbourhood and Copenhagen. Major findings include that the garden generates both bonding and bridging "cognitive" social capital, and the gardeners consistently agreed that the garden has a strong community, and is permeated by diversity and inclusivity. Nonetheless, data from Denmark’s Statistics Office reveal that the garden does not "represent" the diversity in the neighbourhood regarding the distribution of members with a Western/non-Western background, as well as social class. This suggests that endeavours to involve co-citizens with non-Western backgrounds and gardeners with lower social status are restrained by potential structural barriers, which limits the "width" of bridging social capital in the garden.     

Economic, social, and environmental sustainability in development theory and urban planning practice

In ten years, more than half the world's population will be living in cities. The United Nations (UN) has stated that this will threaten cities with social conflict, environmental degradation and the collapse of basic services. The economic, social, and environmental planning practices of societies embodying urban sustainability have been proposed as antidotes to these negative urban trends. Urban sustainability is a doctrine with diverse origins. The author believes that the alternative models of cultural development in Curitiba, Brazil, Kerala, India, and Nayarit, Mexico embody the integration and interlinkage of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Curitiba has become a more livable city by building an efficient intra-urban bus system, expanding urban green space, and meeting the basic needs of the urban poor. Kerala has attained social harmony by emphasizing equitable resource distribution rather than consumption, by restraining reproduction, and by attacking divisions of race, caste, religion, and gender. Nayarit has sought to balance development with the environment by framing a nature-friendly development plan that protects natural systems from urban development and that involves the public in the development process. A detailed examination of these alternative cultural development models reveals a myriad of possible means by which economic, social, and environmental sustainability might be advanced in practice. The author concludes that while these examples from the developing world cannot be directly translated to cities in the developed world, they do indicate in a general sense the imaginative policies that any society must foster if it is to achieve urban sustainability.     

Environmental problem-solving and land-use management: A proposed structure for Australia

A three-tiered structure of land-use and environmental management is here proposed for Australia. The structure is based on the idea that environment means the environment of people, and that environmental problems arise when a change in the interaction between people and their environment leads to conflicts about the use of land and resources. The heterogeneity of society means that a range of human aspirations and value systems must be satisfied by environmental managers. Existing methods of environmental management fail to achieve these objectives, due to inadequate perception of environmental problems by decision-makers, and the inability of currently available impact assessment techniques to resolve human conflicts associated with the use of land and resources. The main work of planning and managing land use and the environment would be carried out by regional authorities, supported by federal and state policy. Examples are given of moves towards regional administration in England and Wales, Western Australia, Australia and New Zealand. Community participation in the decision-making process is essential and can be achieved by electoral representation to the authoritative bodies and through procedures that ensure informed public comment on planning proposals.     

湛江市农业水资源"开源节流"的技术途径

在分析湛江市农业水资源特点及利用状况的基础上,根据湛江的社会经济发展水平,认为采取"节流优先、高效为本、多渠道开源"的策略,达到源"足"、流"畅"、效"高"是促进湛江农业可持续发展的有效途径.     

A proposed formal structure for assessing bear-human encounters

A formal model for the interaction of bear and hiker populations in national parks is developed. A number of alternative interactive scenarios are identified and some specific cases explored in detail. Some examples of the insights to be gained by the use of such a formal structure by park managers charged with the dual mandate of preservation of fauna and provision of safe recreational opportunities are presented. The entire problem is then discussed within the context of the more general tragedy of the commons problem.     

The Science of Politics/The Politics of Science: Examining the Snowmobile Controversy in Yellowstone National Park

The snowmobile controversy in Yellowstone National Park not only pits snowmobilers against environmentalists, but it also pits the Bush Administration against the Clinton Administration. Caught in the middle are the National Park Service, scores of natural and social scientists, and Yellowstones permanent residents—the flora and fauna. The controversys political aspects are the focus of this paper; specifically, the tenuous relationship among research scientists, whose job it is to inform management and policy decisions; politicians, whose job it is to formulate those same decisions in the public arena; and public land management agencies, whose job it is to implement the decisions. The crux of the paper concerns the politicization of natural resource policy and ways in which research scientists tend to get caught up in it. Lessons learned from this Yellowstone episode regarding the role of science in policy-making processes are also considered. Two recent federal court rulings shed additional light on the politics surrounding Yellowstones snowmobile controversy, as does the importance of governmental checks and balances in resolving natural resource management disputes.     

Ecological land classification: A survey approach

A landscape approach to ecological land mapping, as illustrated in this article, proceeds by pattern recognition based on ecological theory. The unit areas delineated are hypotheses that arise from a knowledge of what is ecologically important in the land. Units formed by the mapper are likely to be inefficient or irrelevant for ecological purposes unless he possesses a sound rationale as to the interactions and controlling influences of the structural components of ecosystems. Here is the central problem with what have been called objective multivariate approaches to mapping based on grid units and the sometimes arbitrary attributes thereof; they tend to conceal the importance of ecological theory and the necessity for theory-based supervision of pattern recognition. Multivariate techniques are best used iteratively to verify and refine map units initially recognized and delineated by theoretical considerations. These ideas are illustrated by an example of a reconnaissance survey in the Northwest Territories of Canada.     

利用“生态足迹”促进绿色校园建设

运用“生态足迹”计算来提高学校综合管理能力,是学习落实科学发展观、建立资源节约型社会的有益尝试。由学生自发形成的兴趣小组,把生态足迹的基本原理和计算方法运用于建设资源节约型校园,并根据有关结果采取相应的有效措施降低校园生态产品消耗,为促进资源节约型学校的建立提供有益经验。     

Consumer product safety: Risk assessment of exposure to asbestos emissions from hand-held hair dryers

The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is concerned that consumer exposure to asbestos from consumer products may present an unreasonable risk of injury. Recently, CPSC has obtained agreement by industry to cease production and distribution of hair dryers containing asbestos heat insulation. CPSC intends to broaden its investigation by selecting consumer products containing asbestos for priority attention. The Commission does not intend to make quantitative estimates of cancer risks posed by exposure to asbestos fibers in making regulatory decisions. This position may lead to a serious waste of resources for the Commission, industry, and society. The Commission should focus its initial attention on those products for which the release of asbestos is significant enough to cause an unreasonable health risk. To make a risk assessment for a particular use of asbestos, CPSC must acquire or request data on asbestos emissions and define unreasonable risk to health.In an attempt to give some meaning to the phrase risk assessment, the primary goal of this paper is to present a detailed risk assessment of exposure to asbestos from hand-held hair dryers. Several scenarios of use are presented using various assumptions regarding time of operation, mixing of fibers in a small room, rate of fiber emission, and time of exposure. The worst case analysis of the health risk of exposure to hair dryer emissions is based on several conservative assumptions and shows that the increased number of deaths per year due to respiratory cancer is 4 for the entire United States population. A more representative case analysis shows the increased number of deaths to be on the order of 0.15 per year.