高海拔寒冷地区污水处理厂地表水准Ⅳ类改造工程研究

为提高西部某污水厂出水水质达到地表水准Ⅳ类标准,对该水厂进行工程改造及优化运行。通过采用投加耐冷微生物、好氧池投加填料,改造微生物膜——活性污泥复合工艺,以及调试运行参数以及间歇曝气等措施观察COD、氨氮、TN和TP去除效果的变化,最后辅以高效混凝沉淀池保证出水达标。实验结果表明:好氧池末端DO降到1mg/L时,出水TN浓度减少到17.57mg/L,TP浓度减少到0.48mg/L,氨氮和COD仍去除稳定;TN去除效果随着分点进水量增加而提高,出水TN平均浓度降到14.13mg/L;污泥回流比由100%减少到60%,TN去除率提高,出水TN平均浓度降到13.14mg/L;通过将好氧区改为间歇曝气后,氨氧化菌和反硝化除磷菌成为优势菌种,加强了氮磷的去除,出水TN、TP浓度分别为11.80mg/L和0.35mg/L,TP仍需。经过优化运行后出水水质稳定达到要求,并有效的解决了氧化沟反应池内溶解氧盈余、污泥浓度控制等问题,同时起到很好的节能降耗效果。     

曝气式固定化生物活性炭深度处理滤池出水的净化效能研究

水厂常规处理对富营养化水源水中氨氮、亚硝氮及微污染有机物去除效果甚微.曝气式固定化生物活性炭对滤池出水的深度净化效果显著：高锰酸盐指数去除率在37%左右,氨氮及亚硝氮平均去除率在95%以上.GC/MS结果表明总有机物由进水的24种减至出水的6种.     

混凝沉淀-气浮-间歇曝气MBR组合工艺处理餐厨发酵沼液的研究

为解决餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵沼液处理的难题,研究采用混凝沉淀-气浮-间歇曝气MBR组合工艺对餐厨垃圾发酵沼液进行处理。结果表明,经混凝沉淀-气浮预处理,COD、TP、SS、动植物油去除效率分别达到85.3%,98.7%,99.4%和99.4%;氨氮和总氮的去除效果较差,去除率分别为49.96%和52.63%。进一步考察了间歇曝气MBR在不同C/N比下对COD、氨氮和总氮的去除效果,综合考虑工艺运行的技术经济合理性,C/N比为3为最优运行条件,COD、氨氮和TN的去除率分别为87.63%、98.40%和96.67%。经混凝沉淀-气浮-间歇曝气MBR组合工艺处理,出水水质满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的三级排放标准。     

玻璃蚀刻液废水中氨氮和氟去除研究

研究了MAP法(Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate磷酸铵镁结晶法)和化学沉淀法对玻璃蚀刻液废水中氨氮和氟的去除效果,获得了最佳工艺参数并形成了一套玻璃蚀刻液废水处理工艺。采用N/P/Mg投加比例为1∶1∶1的两级MAP法和Ca/F投加比为1. 8的两级化学沉淀法,并在两级氨氮和氟去除反应后分别添加PAC-PAM (聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺)为40 mg/L、2mg/L和20 mg/L、1mg/L进行絮凝沉淀,最终出水氨氮和氟的去除率分别可以达到96. 8%和99. 9%;对出水进行折点加氯处理,氨氮最终去除率可达99. 9%,出水可达到国家污水综合排放标准。     

MBR工艺深度处理线路板废水试验研究

为探讨MBR工艺深度处理线路板废水的工艺特征和效果,本试验在线路板厂以物化处理后清水池中的废水为研究对象,采用MBR膜生物反应器对该废水进行了深度处理的试验研究,试验结果表明,控制污泥浓度4000～8000mg/L,曝气气水比25～30,停留时间4.3～6.3h,出水COD、氨氮去除率分别可达60%～70%、70%～80%,出水浊度达4～5NTU,色度均小于15,各项指标均达到国家有关标准,连续运行MBR膜通量可达10～15L/m2·h.     

城市污水化学生物强化一级处理及后续脱氮中试研究

介绍了化学生物强化一级处理用于城市污水处理及其出水的氨氮处理的中试研究。通过试验表明在较低的PAC投加量的情况下，化学生物强化一级处理仍然可以使COD和TP的去除率保持在60％左右。后续脱氮中试研究也表明，新型悬浮填料接触氧化工艺可以在较短停留时间的情况下，取得较好的氨氮去除效果。     

利用连续-间歇曝气工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

在对污水进行回用处理时,须开发一种处理效果好、投资省、运行费用低、易管理的污水处理工艺,本试验研究采用改进的连续-间歇曝气工艺处理生活污水。经过4个多月的运行试验,结果表明:该工艺流程简单,无须预沉池、调节池和二沉池;对生活污水中COD的去除效果较好,在除磷脱氮方面都取得了理想的处理效果,COD去除率可达90.6%,氨氮去除率可达70.8%,总磷去除率可达96.1%。     

冬春两季表流人工湿地-氧化塘交替组合氮磷去除效果研究

针对人工湿地冬春两季对尾水中氮磷的去除效果较差的弱点,为达到湿地处理系统全年水质目标,构建了表流人工湿地-氧化塘交替系统,以某污水处理厂尾水为处理对象,研究冬春两季该湿地系统对尾水氮磷的去除效果。结果表明:氧化塘对TN和氨氮的去除效果优于表流人工湿地,两者的间隔使用,有效的改善了冬春两季氮磷的去除情况。冬春两季对TN的去除率范围分别为30%～54%、55%～66%;对氨氮的去除率范围分别为33%～55%、75%～82%;对硝态氮的去除率范围分别为21%～47%、49%～58%;对TP的去除率范围分别为50%～69%、64%～69%。表流人工湿地与氧化塘的交替组合,一定程度上弥补了单纯表流湿地冬春季存在的弱点,从而对尾水处理取得更好的效果。     

催化氧化复合生物技术处理油气田压裂返排液

针对油气田压裂返排液处理难度大的问题,以四川某气田井组压裂返排液为研究对象,通过对其水质特征和治理技术现状的分析,提出催化氧化复合生物处理工艺并进行了现场实验。实验结果表明:该技术对于压裂返排液COD去除效果明显,最终出水COD浓度均降至100mg/L以下,COD去除率达到98%以上;G-BAF生化系统进水盐度在0.5%~5%时,系统适应性非常好,有机物去除率达93%以上;当盐度提高到8%时,有机物去除率仍能保持在84%左右,G-BAF生化系统适合高盐度压裂返排液的处理;压裂返排液出水主要污染指标COD浓度、氨氮浓度、SS浓度、pH值均达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,出水可用于油田及污水处理站设备清洁、钻井岩屑清洗等,实现废水综合利用。     

废水回用工艺中曝气生物滤池的特性研究

以页岩陶粒为滤料,对曝气生物滤池的运行性能进行了研究。通过考察水力负荷对COD、氨氮去除效果的影响试验,容积负荷对COD去除效果试验,BAF对浊度的去除效果、抗冲击能力试验;结果显示:COD最佳水力负荷为7.0m3/h,NH4+-N最佳水力负荷为5.0m3/h,COD最佳容积负荷为5.89kg/(m3.d);进水浊度平均为12.7NTU,出水浊度平均为3.5NTU时,平均去除率为72.4%。水力冲击负荷对硝化菌的影响较小,而对异养菌影响较大。     

城镇化建设中乡村环境保护关键点分析

城镇化是推动我国经济社会发展的重要动力,在高速发展的同时,带来大量污染排放,威胁乡村环境质量与可持续发展。在对乡村生态环境问题剖析的基础上,从战略、实施、方式等层面探索解决思路,围绕科学规划、发展方式、基础建设、管理机制、宣传教育等方面分析关键点,加强乡村环境保护,保障城镇化建设健康发展,为促进农村农业持续发展提供持久动力。     

Investigation of the toxicity of the products of decoloration of Amaranth by Trametes versicolor

Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application.     

山东省环境经济系统地域分异研究

环境保护与经济发展相协调,是人类社会持续发展的必由之路.环境经济系统是由环境子系统和经济子系统耦合而成的复合大系统.在用系统论对环境经济系统进行结构分析的基础上,采用主成分分析法和加法合成原理,对山东省17地市环境经济系统进行综合分析和类型划分,并从地域差异角度提出了分区特点及今后的发展建议,以期为山东省环境经济系统高水平协调发展提供决策依据.     

随机规划在泵站树状给水管网优化中的应用

泵站树状给水管网流量具有随机性,而这种随机性变化会直接影响管网的建设费用和动力费用.针对这-特点,应用随机规划原理,建立泵站树状给水管网机会约束模型,编写基于随机模拟的遗传算法程序求解该模型.机会约束模型能较客观地反映该管网的实际工况,使优化设计结果更符合实际.     

Numerical and experimental investigation of state of health of Li-ion battery

ABSTRACT

Estimation of State of Health (SoH) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is essential to predict the lifespan of batteries of an electric vehicle (EV). The efficient prediction of battery health indicates to the effective and safe operation of EV. However, delivering an effective and accurate method for the estimation of SoH in the real condition is truly a challenging task. The present study proposed a holistic procedure of combining both experimental and numerical investigations to conduct the fundamental study on coupled mechanical-electrochemical behavior of Li-ion battery. The proposed investigation highlighted the effect of stress on the capacity of the battery, considering capacity fade as an equivalent parameter to its health for real-time estimation of SoH. Finally, a simple model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is provided, which shows the linear dependency of stress with the SoH. The results obtained from the ANN model are validated with a Linear Regression (LR) model for a better understanding of the inspection. The predicted value of mean Square Error (MSE) and R square error in the ANN training model are found to be 0.000309 and 0.849687, respectively. Whereas for the test model, these predicted values are found to be 0.000438 and 0.819347, respectively.     

MAPGIS在龙口市土地利用现状数据库建设中的应用

以中国地质大学开发的MMPGIS通用型地理信息系统软件为基础,以山东龙口市2004土地利用现状为例,介绍了龙口市土地利用信息系统建设的方法与步骤,包括影像数据的纠正,矢量数据、属性数据的采集,以及数据入库方法,最后提出了在建库过程中遇到的一些问题.     

Patterns of television viewing and of perceptions of hazards to life

A previous study using respondents in a London regional audience appreciation diary panel showed that links existed between overall amounts of the viewing of television recorded across one week and levels of perception of risk of three hazards to life, namely lightning, flooding and terrorist bomb attacks. With a fourth hazard, cancer, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived risk level and amount of viewing. At the same time there were no relationships between amounts of viewing of news and documentary material and perceived risks of any of 12 hazards. Two new surveys were done, nearly three years after the previous one, asking people in widely different regions about their perceptions of nine various hazards, and linking these results with measures of attitudes towards certain adaptations of new technology (which could prove hazardous or beneficial according to points of view) and to patterns of television viewing. The two surveys agreed on a wide number of points with each other; they agreed with the previous study in finding no steady relationships between information programme viewing and hazard perception. Lightning and flooding were again related, this time more specifically with viewing of particular types of television programming. A new finding is that heavier viewing of television sport is associated with less perceived risk of cancer and of nuclear pollution. Interpretations are generally favoured along the lines of a selective process of viewers with certain predispositions choosing certain kinds of viewing patterns, rather than that programme contents provide an example for formulating perceptions and attitudes.     

开发白洋淀旅游资源的制约因素与对策

作者在实地调查研究的基础上，认为制约白洋淀旅游业发展的因素主要有水位不稳、水质受到污染、旅游项目内容贫乏、参与性差、景区文化氛围不和谐，以及管理不到位。作者提出，应努力保持其水位稳定，加强流域内污染治理，理顺管理体制，建立白洋淀湿地保护区，加大旅游资源开发和宣传力度，丰富旅游的文化内涵等来保证白洋淀旅游的可持续发展。     

资源丰度的定量计算

提出了一种通用的定量计算方法,即用规范化指数表示各地区的资源丰度,用“度”作为资源丰度的计量单位。指数表示法计算的资源丰度值实现了资源丰度在可比尺度上的综合评价。它概念明确,简单易行,具有可比性和可传递性,从理论和应用方面来说都具有许多优点。